期刊
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
卷 62, 期 41, 页码 9957-9964出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jf503557t
关键词
acetamiprid; bioefficacy; Ensifer meliloti; hydration; nitrile hydratase; IM-1-2
资金
- Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, National Science Foundation of China [31370143]
- Professional and Public Project of National Environmental Protection [201009033]
- Academic Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [14KJA180004]
The metabolism of the widely used neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid (ACE) has been extensively studied in plants, animals, soils, and microbes. However, hydration of the N-cyanoimine group in ACE to the N-carbamoylimine derivate (IM-1-2) by purified microbes, the enzyme responsible for this biotransformation, and further degradation of IM-1-2 have not been studied. The present study used liquid chromatographymass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine that the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Ensifer meliloti CGMCC 7333 transforms ACE to IM-1-2. CGMCC 7333 cells degraded 65.1% of ACE in 96 h, with a half-life of 2.6 days. Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) overexpressing the nitrile hydratase (NHase) from CGMCC 7333 and purified NHase converted ACE to IM-1-2 with degradation ratios of 97.1% in 100 min and 93.9% in 120 min, respectively. Interestingly, IM-1-2 was not further degraded by CGMCC 7333, whereas it was spontaneously hydrolyzed at the N-carbamoylimine group to the derivate ACE-NH2, which was further converted to the derivative ACE-NH2. Then, ACE-NH2 was cleaved to the major metabolite IM-1-4. IM-1-2 showed significantly lower insecticidal activity than ACE against the aphid Aphis craccivora Koch. The present findings will improve the understanding of the environmental fate of ACE and the corresponding enzymatic mechanisms of degradation.
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