Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasunori Nakamura, Akiko Kubo, Masami Ono, Kazuki Yashiro, Go Matsuba, Yifei Wang, Akira Matsubara, Goro Mizutani, Junko Matsuki, Keiji Kainuma
Summary: BEIIb plays a specific role in determining the structure of amylopectin in rice endosperm, while BEIIa plays a similar role in the culm where BEIIb is absent. The study found that the amylopectin structure in the be2a culm exhibited a B-type, similar to the wild-type culm. The starch granules in the be2a culm also showed a B-type allomorph. These results indicate that BEIIa can play a role similar to BEIIb in both the culm and the endosperm at early stages of development.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jihui Zhu, Chang-Quan Zhang, Jianlong Xu, Robert G. Gilbert, Qiaoquan Liu
Summary: The study explores the impact of starch synthase isoforms on chain-length distributions of starch in rice, identifying the enzyme sets controlling amylose and amylopectin biosynthesis and the mutants of each isoform. This detailed analysis enables breeders to target and develop improved rice species based on functional properties controlled by CLD.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yasunori Nakamura, Kazuki Yashiro, Go Matsuba, Yifei Wang, Goro Mizutani, Masami Ono, Jinsong Bao
Summary: The study found that the structural features of amylopectin determine the A-type or B-type crystalline allomorph of starch granules in cereals. Differences in chain length and branch types contribute to the transformation of starch granules from A-type to B-type.
Article
Agronomy
Satoko Miura, Maiko Narita, Naoko Crofts, Yuki Itoh, Yuko Hosaka, Naoko F. Oitome, Misato Abe, Rika Takahashi, Naoko Fujita
Summary: The study showed that backcrossing high RS rice lines with elite rice cultivars can increase seed weight without compromising RS content. The introduced genetic loci may enhance seed length and width, and promote early flowering for optimal temperature during RS biosynthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yining Ying, Zhongwei Zhang, Piengtawan Tappiban, Feifei Xu, Guofu Deng, Gaoxing Dai, Jinsong Bao
Summary: Loss of starch branching enzyme IIb (BEIIb) leads to altered starch structure and increased amylose content. The study investigates the changes in starch fine structure and function during seed development as a result of differentially expressed genes between wildtype (WT) and be2b rice. The expression patterns of starch synthesis related genes were altered in be2b, resulting in increased amylose content and decreased proportion of amylopectin B chains.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Satoko Miura, Nana Koyama, Naoko Crofts, Yuko Hosaka, Misato Abe, Naoko Fujita
Summary: Through crossing BE1 and BE2b mutants, a non-transgenic be1 be2b double mutant rice line was generated, showing significantly increased RS content in cooked rice grains and rice flour compared with the single mutant.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yaqi Hu, Yanni Zhang, Shouwu Yu, Guofu Deng, Gaoxing Dai, Jinsong Bao
Summary: BEIIb and SSIIa play important roles in starch biosynthesis in cereals. This study found that BEIIb has a greater influence on the structure and physicochemical properties of starch. These findings provide important insights for breeding rice varieties with high amylose content and high resistant starch.
Review
Agronomy
Naoko Fujita, Satoko Miura, Naoko Crofts
Summary: This review summarizes recent discoveries in rice starch research, including the expression patterns and variations of starch biosynthetic genes, the functions of individual isozymes, and the complementary effects of starch enzymes. The research findings are important for breeding new rice cultivars.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Cheng Li, Bo Gong
Summary: The study found that the thickness of amorphous lamellae of starch was mainly correlated with the amount of amylose short and medium chains, while the degree of crystallinity was negatively correlated with the amount of amylose short and long chains. Interestingly, starch molecular size distributions were shown to have no correlations with the starch lamellar/crystalline structures.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naoko Crofts, Yoshiki Satoh, Satoko Miura, Yuko Hosaka, Misato Abe, Naoko Fujita
Summary: The introduction of higher SSIIa activity effectively restores crystallinity, starch granule structure, and production of plump seeds in the mild-type sug-1 mutant. Crossbreeding resulted in the generation of new rice lines with improved amylopectin-like glucan accumulation and A-type crystallinity, complementing the wrinkled seed phenotype typical of the original isa1 mutation.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Limin Yuan, Runqin LI, Lidong Fu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang Yang
Summary: By studying the formation characteristics of endosperm structures in different rice genotypes, it was found that the compactness of amyloplast arrangement was positively correlated with grain filling percentage. The endosperm structure varied with the position within a grain. Starch accumulation was the earliest in glutinous rice genotypes, followed by indica and japonica genotypes. Gaps and pores in endosperm were closely associated with rice transparency. The starch crystallinity in endosperm was negatively correlated with amylose content. Among the three genotypes, glutinous showed the highest crystallinity, followed by japonica and indica rice. The starch structure of endosperm not only differ between rice genotypes, but also varies with the location of a grain on the panicle, and that it affects the grain-filling, transparency and amylose content of rice.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jiayan Zhang, Haocun Kong, Caiming Li, Xiaofeng Ban, Zhengbiao Gu, Zhaofeng Li
Summary: Modifying the branching degree of rice starch using 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme (GBE) allows the production of high-quality instant rice noodles with improved gel structure, rehydration time, and tensile strength.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasunori Nakamura
Summary: Amylopectin biosynthesis involves the reproduction of a new cluster by concerted actions of multiple isoforms of starch branching enzyme (BE). Among these isoforms, BEI plays a major role in initiating the formation of a new cluster due to its broad chain-length preference. On the other hand, BEIIb is unlikely to be involved in this reaction due to its preference for short chains. BEIIa may complement the role of BEI to some extent. The model also suggests that the first branches mainly formed by BEI contribute to the amorphous lamellae, while the second branches predominantly formed by BEIIb are located in the crystalline lamellae.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Trinh Thi My Duyen, Pham Van Hung
Summary: This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and digestibility of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) fabricated from debranched cassava starch varying in degree of polymerization using nanoprecipitation and microemulsion methods. SNPs fabricated from high DP starch were well-dispersed and smaller, while those from medium and low DP starch were larger and more aggregated. The SNPs produced by the microemulsion method were larger and more aggregated compared to those by the nanoprecipitation method, with all SNPs showing higher relative crystallinity and more ordered structure than native starch. SNPs fabricated from low DP starch also had higher resistant starch content and lower blood glucose response in mice.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yuyue Zhong, Zhihang Li, Jianzhou Qu, Eric Bertoft, Ming Li, Fan Zhu, Andreas Blennow, Xingxun Liu
Summary: The study revealed that there are positive or negative correlations between the molecular structure of rice starch and its crystalline and lamellar structures. The amylopectin content and chain length were positively correlated with the amount of double helices, while amylose content was positively correlated with amorphous materials. The study also found positive correlations between the amount of double helices and lamellar ordering, and negative correlations with the thickness of crystalline lamellae and lamellar repeat distance. Conversely, the amount of amorphous matrix showed opposite relationships with these parameters.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ke Guo, Xiaofeng Bian, Zhaodong Jia, Long Zhang, Cunxu Wei
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiajing Qiu, Yinhui Ren, Lingxiao Zhao, Biao Zhang, Cunxu Wei
Summary: The morphology, size and quantity of cells, starch granules and protein bodies in seeds play a crucial role in determining seed weight and quality, showing significant variation among different regions of the seed. The method of whole-seed-sized resin sectioning provides a clear and accurate way to quantitatively analyze the morphology parameters of cells, starch granules, and protein bodies in seeds of different stages and types.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yinhui Ren, Qiwei Wei, Lingshang Lin, Laiquan Shi, Zhonggang Cui, Yaling Li, Chengjian Huang, Cunxu Wei
Summary: A new starch was isolated from ramie root, which had various physicochemical properties such as granule shapes, crystalline structure, solubility, and viscosity. Compared to potato starch, ramie starch was somewhat similar but significantly different from rice starch. Ramie starch showed potential to be used as a thickening agent, resistant-digesting food additive, and alternative to potato starch.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yinhui Ren, Qiwei Wei, Hualan Chen, Laiquan Shi, Wenjing Sheng, Zhonghua Zhang, Yaling Li, Chengjian Huang, Cunxu Wei
Summary: This study investigated the starch properties of eight ramie varieties, revealing differences in starch content, morphology, composition, etc. The results are helpful for selecting suitable ramie variety as a starch source.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Long Zhang, Ning Li, Jing Zhang, Linglong Zhao, Jiajing Qiu, Cunxu Wei
Summary: The study reveals that FLO6 is involved in starch synthesis in rice by interacting with SSIVb and GBSS, playing a critical role throughout plant growth and development.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shengnan Zhao, Hao Wang, Hualan Chen, Lingshang Lin, Qiaoquan Liu, Cunxu Wei
Summary: Starch components play a crucial role in determining rice quality and utilization. This study screened 27 non-floury endosperm mutants with different starch components and identified 9 homozygous mutants with altered amylopectin structures and various gelatinization properties. These mutants serve as important genetic materials for investigating starch synthesis and regulation, as well as valuable germplasm resources for rice quality breeding.
JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laiquan Shi, Yibo Li, Lingshang Lin, Xiaofeng Bian, Cunxu Wei
Summary: Starch properties of three sweet potato varieties planted in four locations varied significantly in factors such as granule size, iodine absorption, amylose content, crystalline structure, and thermal properties. The study highlights the impact of variety and growing location on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato starch.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yongqi Jiang, Yinhui Ren, Xin Xu, Hao Wang, Cunxu Wei
Summary: This study established a rapid and accurate method using AS-PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis to identify the offspring genotypes of rice bi-allelic mutant lines, providing a reference for the quick screening of homozygous mutant plants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lingshang Lin, Shengnan Zhao, Enpeng Li, Dongwei Guo, Cunxu Wei
Summary: The study found that starches from kernels with different weights have varying amylose contents, amylopectin structures, and thermal properties, showing distinct relationships with each other.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yibo Li, Lingxiao Zhao, Laiquan Shi, Lingshang Lin, Qinghe Cao, Cunxu Wei
Summary: This study investigated the physicochemical properties of starches from 44 sweet potato varieties originating from 15 countries. The results showed significant differences in granule size, iodine absorption properties, amylose content, and thermal behavior among the starches. These differences divided the varieties into different groups based on their genotype backgrounds. The research provides references for the utilization of sweet potato germplasm.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yibo Li, Lingxiao Zhao, Lingshang Lin, Enpeng Li, Qinghe Cao, Cunxu Wei
Summary: This study investigated the intensities and crystallinities of X-ray diffraction peaks, molecular components, and heat properties of C-type starches in seven different sweet potato varieties. The results showed that the intensities and crystallinities of X-ray diffraction peaks were correlated to the molecular components and heat properties, such as branch-chains length, amylose content, gelatinization properties, etc. The score plot of principle component analysis confirmed the relationships between these factors.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Wenjing Sheng, Cunxu Wei
Summary: The paper reviews three methods for estimating ACs in grains and screening grains of interest, providing insights into efficient identification and screening of grain quality.
JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ke Guo, Lingshang Lin, Enpeng Li, Yuyue Zhong, Andreas Blennow, Xiaofeng Bian, Cunxu Wei, Bent Larsen Petersen
Summary: The study found that high growth temperature results in larger size and altered branching structure of sweet potato starch, as well as increased crystallinity and gelatinization temperature.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Long Zhang, Ran You, Hualan Chen, Jun Zhu, Lingshang Lin, Cunxu Wei
Summary: The rice floury endosperm mutant M10 was identified and characterized, showing decreased total starch content and increased soluble sugar content. The mutated AGPL2 gene on chromosome 1 was found to be responsible for the floury endosperm phenotype. The AGPL2 mutation led to higher transcriptional and protein levels and a positive feedback regulation in M10. Overall, AGPL2 plays a critical role in starch synthesis and the MutMap method is effective for identifying floury endosperm mutant genes in rice.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lingshang Lin, Yuanjiang Wang, Xin Xu, Bin Teng, Cunxu Wei
Summary: This study investigates the relationships between starch molecular components and eating and cooking qualities (ECQs) in different rice lines with different Wx loci. It finds that the apparent amylose content (AAC) is positively correlated with the hardness and cohesiveness of cooked rice, while negatively correlated with the adhesiveness and palatability of cooked rice and the breakdown viscosity of rice flour. The true amylose content (TAC) is positively correlated with the gelatinization temperature range, and negatively correlated with the gelatinization temperature and enthalpy. The extra-long chain (ELC) content is positively correlated with the pasting peak time of rice flour and the chewiness of cooked rice, and could be used as an important reference for rice ECQ evaluation.
JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE
(2023)
