Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rishi K. Wadhera, Jose F. Figueroa, Fatima Rodriguez, Michael Liu, Wei Tian, Dhruv S. Kazi, Yang Song, Robert W. Yeh, Karen E. Joynt Maddox
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations experienced a disproportionate increase in deaths related to heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, while the White population had a smaller increase in deaths.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Eric C. Schneider, Marshall H. Chin, Garth N. Graham, Lenny Lopez, Shirlene Obuobi, Thomas D. Sequist, Elizabeth A. McGlynn
Summary: This review highlights the racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular care quality and emphasizes the need for a different approach to quality measurement and improvement to achieve health equity. The authors propose using a driver diagram to prioritize equity in quality improvement and demonstrate how interventions can reduce systemic racism and address social factors affecting health outcomes. Effective partnerships between healthcare institutions and communities are also emphasized to achieve equitable cardiovascular outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rohit Mital, Joseph Bayne, Fatima Rodriguez, Bruce Ovbiagele, Deepak L. Bhatt, Michelle A. Albert
Summary: Despite significant advances in the fields of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, there are notable racial and ethnic disparities. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, disparities in care provision, social determinants of health, and racial discrimination within and outside of the health care system also contribute to these differences. Improved culturally congruent communication about risk factors and symptoms is needed to achieve better and more equitable outcomes in CAD and stroke.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kosuke Imai, Santiago Olivella, Evan T. R. Rosenman
Summary: Prediction of individuals' race and ethnicity is crucial in studying racial disparity. Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) is a leading methodology for this task, but it faces data problems. We introduce a fully Bayesian BISG (fBISG) method that addresses census measurement error and utilizes additional name data to improve race imputation accuracy.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Modele O. Ogunniyi, Zainab Mahmoud, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Jerome L. Fleg, Yetunde A. Fatade, Odayme Quesada, Niti R. Aggarwal, Deirdre J. Mattina, Glaucia Maria Moraes De Oliveira, Kathryn J. Lindley, Bruce Ovbiagele, Robert O. Roswell, Paul L. Douglass, Dipti Itchhaporia, Sharonne N. Hayes
Summary: Black women are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease, and the racial structure of the United States influences cardiovascular disease research and healthcare for this population. It is crucial to implement innovative and culturally tailored strategies to improve cardiovascular health in Black women, taking into account their ethnic diversity and cultural backgrounds.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bongeka Z. Zuma, Justin T. Parizo, Areli Valencia, Gabriela Spencer-Bonilla, Manuel R. Blum, David Scheinker, Fatima Rodriguez
Summary: The study revealed significant differences in cardiovascular disease mortality rates among different racial/ethnic groups at the county level. Factors such as median household income were highly correlated with CVD AAMR in non-Hispanic Black individuals, while demographic factors played a major role in Hispanic/Latinx individuals' CVD AAMR.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evan T. R. Rosenman, Santiago Olivella, Kosuke Imai
Summary: This research provides the largest compiled dictionaries of names, covering first, middle, and surnames, which are used for imputing race and ethnicity using Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG). The data, based on voter files of six U.S. Southern States, contains a larger set of names than any comparable dataset, including 136 thousand first names, 125 thousand middle names, and 338 thousand surnames. Each name is categorized into five mutually exclusive racial and ethnic groups, and conditional probabilities are provided for imputation purposes.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Julio A. Lamprea-Montealegre, Shakirat Oyetunji, Rodrigo Bagur, Catherine M. Otto
Summary: Valvular heart disease poses a significant global public health challenge, with untreated rheumatic heart disease causing grave consequences. The role of race, ethnicity, and healthcare disparities in VHD research has been overlooked, despite evidence of major health care inequalities.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anagha Prasanna, Hailey N. Miller, Yingfei Wu, Anna Peeler, Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Timothy B. Plante, Stephen P. Juraschek
Summary: The study analyzed National Institutes of Health-funded cardiovascular clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov between 2000 and 2019. Findings showed that Black adults are underrepresented in these trials, with most trials not setting Black enrollment targets, failing to meet targets, and lacking specific plans to enroll Black adults.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Kristine A. Karvonen, Erin Balay-Dustrude, Annie Do, Miranda C. Bradford, Amanda Phipps, Abby R. Rosenberg
Summary: This study examines the association between race/ethnicity, experiences of racism, and adverse health outcomes in survivors of cancer. The results indicate that historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups are more likely to experience adverse health outcomes. Racism contributes to poor mental and physical health in cancer survivors. Screening for experiences of racism may be necessary to improve health outcomes in this population.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Baylee F. Bakkila, Daniel Kerekes, Marcella Nunez-Smith, Kevin G. Billingsley, Nita Ahuja, Karen Wang, Carol Oladele, Caroline H. Johnson, Sajid A. Khan
Summary: This study found significant racial disparities in the surgical care of gastrointestinal tract cancers, with black patients being less likely than white patients to receive standard care in terms of negative surgical margins, adequate lymphadenectomies, and use of adjuvant therapies.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Julien Teitler, Bethany M. Wood, Weiwen Zeng, Melissa L. Martinson, Rayven Plaza, Nancy E. Reichman
Summary: This study documents significant gender-specific racial-ethnic disparities in cardiovascular conditions across the lifespan, independent of socioeconomic status. These disparities emerge early in adulthood and remain relatively constant through age 69. Socioeconomic differences only explain a small portion of the variations, and the disparities vary considerably by gender and race.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Derek M. Griffith, Amytis Towfighi, Spero M. Manson, Erica L. Littlejohn, Lesli E. Skolarus
Summary: This article introduces a framework for neurological research that aims to address inequities in neurological diseases. The framework highlights the importance of social determinants and structural factors and emphasizes the ability to improve research, programs, and policies to reduce and eliminate inequities in neurological diseases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Derek M. Griffith, Amytis Towfighi, Spero M. Manson, Erica L. Littlejohn, Lesli E. Skolarus
Summary: This framework by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke working group aims to guide and inspire neurologic research that promotes health equity, population health, and social justice. It emphasizes the impact of social determinants on neurologic health and highlights the need to address inequities through research, programs, and policies.
Article
Pediatrics
Holly P. Shifman, Erika Rasnick, Chiung-Yu Huang, Andrew F. Beck, John Bucuvalas, Jennifer C. Lai, Sharad Wadhwani
Summary: Children living in primary care shortage areas have a higher risk of graft failure and death after liver transplant, especially for Black children.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Symielle A. Gaston, Chandra L. Jackson
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated inconsistencies in reporting of discrimination over time among Black and White adults. They found that the likelihood of reporting discrimination decreased over time, and individuals who experienced the most discrimination were also more likely to inconsistently report it. These findings highlight the importance of accurately estimating the burden of discrimination on health and addressing health inequities.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Alka M. Kanaya, Ann W. Hsing, Sela Panapasa, Namratha R. Kandula, Maria Rosario G. Araneta, Daichi Shimbo, Paul Wang, Scarlett L. Gomez, Jinkook Lee, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Marjorie K. L. Mala Mau, Sonali Bose, Martha L. Daviglus, Frank B. Hu, Nadia Islam, Chandra L. Jackson, Merle Kataoka-Yahiro, John S. K. Kauwe, Simin Liu, Grace X. Ma, Tung Nguyen, Latha Palaniappan, V. Wendy Setiawan, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Janice Y. Tsoh, Dhananjay Vaidya, Barbara Vickrey, Thomas J. Wang, Nathan D. Wong, Sean Coady, Yuling Hong
Summary: Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders play a significant role in the U.S. population, yet research on these populations has been limited, with aggregated data masking important health disparities. A multidisciplinary workshop in 2021 highlighted the need for more data, collaborations, and investments to strengthen research efforts for prevention and intervention strategies.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lauren R. Gullett, Dana M. Alhasan, W. Braxton Jackson, Chandra L. Jackson
Summary: Occupational characteristics are associated with serious psychological distress (SPD), with individuals in the manufacturing/construction and educational services industries having lower SPD, while those in support services and laborer positions have higher SPD. This association is consistent across multiple employment industries. Therefore, industry-specific workplace interventions are needed to improve mental health equitably.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Regional & Urban Planning
Patrice C. Williams, Andrew Binet, Dana M. Alhasan, Nyree M. Riley, Chandra L. Jackson
Summary: Urban planning for health equity should be guided by an intersectional approach, which helps understand the multiple factors contributing to health disparities. To promote health equity, planning researchers and practitioners can use four strategies: challenging assumptions, building cross-sectoral coalitions, applying transdisciplinary and co-designing approaches, and evaluating programs and policies using existing tools.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marina R. Sweeney, Hazel B. Nichols, Rena R. Jones, Andrew F. Olshan, Alexander P. Keil, Lawrence S. Engel, Peter James, Chandra L. Jackson, Dale P. Sandler, Alexandra J. White
Summary: The study found that after adjusting for correlated environmental factors, outdoor LAN does not appear to increase the risk of breast cancer, while sleeping with a light or TV on is associated with a slightly increased risk.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Che-Jung Chang, Katie M. O'Brien, Alexander P. Keil, Symielle A. Gaston, Chandra L. Jackson, Dale P. Sandler, Alexandra J. White
Summary: The study found an association between the use of hair straightening products and uterine cancer incidence, especially among frequent users. However, other hair products such as dyes and permanents were not associated with uterine cancer incidence. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and identify specific chemicals driving this observed association.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Dayna A. Johnson, Benjamin Reiss, Philip Cheng, Chandra L. Jackson
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Symielle A. Gaston, Nyree M. Riley, Christine G. Parks, Jennifer M. P. Woo, Dale P. Sandler, Chandra L. Jackson
Summary: This study found that childhood adversity is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood. However, existing studies have not investigated traumatic childhood experiences (TCEs) beyond abuse and neglect, while considering racial/ethnic differences.
Letter
Oncology
Che-Jung Chang, Katie M. O'Brien, Alexander P. Keil, Symielle A. Gaston, Chandra L. Jackson, Dale P. Sandler, Alexandra J. White
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Emily B. B. Kramer, Laurel A. A. Gaeddert, Christine L. L. Jackson, Trisha A. A. Hostetter, Jeri E. E. Forster, Sarra Nazem
Summary: This study aimed to examine the association between insomnia symptom severity and suicidal ideation (SI) in veterans with clinical comorbidity. Secondary data analyses of two online insomnia intervention trials showed that insomnia symptom severity was significantly correlated with comorbid mental health symptoms, but not with SI after controlling for demographics and clinical comorbidity. These findings suggest that insomnia symptom severity may not confer a unique risk for SI in veterans meeting diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Patrice C. Williams, Dana M. Alhasan, Symielle A. Gaston, Kionna L. Henderson, W. Braxton Jackson, Chandra L. Jackson
Summary: This study analyzed the data from a nationally representative sample in the U.S. and found an association between neighborhood social cohesion and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low social cohesion was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes. The association between social cohesion and diabetes varied among different age, gender, and racial/ethnic groups.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Symielle A. Gaston, Rupsha Singh, Chandra L. Jackson
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marina R. Sweeney, Hazel B. Nichols, Rena R. Jones, Andrew F. Olshan, Alexander P. Keil, Lawrence S. Engel, Peter James, Dale P. Sandler, Alexandra J. White, Chandra L. Jackson
Summary: This study investigated the association between indoor light at night (such as TV, lights, nightlight) and sleep health dimensions. Results showed that sleeping with a TV on was associated with multiple poor sleep dimensions among US women, suggesting the negative impact of light exposure on sleep.
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Symielle Gaston, Dana Alhasan, Paula Strassle, Anita Stewart, Eliseo Eliseo J. Perez-Stable, Anna Napoles, Chandra Jackson
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Symielle Gaston, Dana Alhasan, Quaker Harmon, Donna Baird, Chandra Jackson