Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kush K. K. Patel, Khosrow Kashfi
Summary: Cholesterol is a vital molecule for maintaining normal physiological homeostasis and serves as a precursor for various substances. However, high cholesterol levels are associated with diseases and cancer progression. Mechanisms for cholesterol-mediated cancer progression include activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and induction of oxidative stress. Lipoprotein molecules HDL and LDL play important roles in this pathogenesis. Some cholesterol-lowering medications may have potential in cancer treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eleni Papadopoulou, Alina Nicolescu, Line S. Haug, Trine Hus, Calin Deleanu, Hubert Dirven, Birgitte Lindeman
Summary: This study explores the association between serum PFAS concentrations and lipoprotein subclasses. After adjusting for confounders, the adjusted models found positive associations between several PFASs and cholesterol concentrations in large to medium sized HDL and medium sized LDL particles. Significant associations were observed between certain PFASs and cholesterol in large to medium LDL particle sizes among women. The study also found that most PFASs tended to be associated with a reduction in VLDL particle number and VLDL triglyceride.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rebeca Andre, Rita Pacheco, Mafalda Bourbon, Maria Luisa Serralheiro
Summary: Brown algae have been a part of human diet for centuries, but in recent years, there has been increased commercial and scientific interest in them due to the growing demand for healthier diets globally. Brown algae and their metabolites have been linked to various beneficial health effects, including cardiovascular diseases, which are a major cause of death in Europe, as high blood cholesterol levels are a major cardiovascular risk factor.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sukhbir Singh, Ishrat Zahoor, Neelam Sharma, Tapan Behl, Neha Kanojia, Aayush Sehgal, Syam Mohan, Yosif Almoshari, Ahmad Salawi, Lotfi Aleya, Simona Bungau
Summary: Hyperlipidemia, characterized by high levels of lipids and lipoproteins in blood circulation, is the primary cause of heart disorders. Pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle adjustments can be used for both primary and secondary prophylaxis of heart disease. Statins, particularly HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are preferred for primary prevention. Recent advancements in nanoparticle drug carriers for statins in hyperlipidemia therapy are discussed in this review.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dongbo Yu, James K. Liao
Summary: This review discusses the development of statins, their non-lipid-lowering benefits, and proposes future research directions in this field.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Man K. S. Lee, Olivia D. Cooney, Xuzhu Lin, Shaktypreya Nadarajah, Dragana Dragoljevic, Kevin Huynh, Danise-Ann Onda, Sandra Galic, Peter J. Meikle, Thomas Edlund, Morgan D. Fullerton, Bruce E. Kemp, Andrew J. Murphy, Kim Loh
Summary: The study revealed that the AMPK/HMGCR axis plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. Defects in AMPK regulation of HMGCR lead to increased aortic lesions, plaque-associated macrophages, lipid accumulation, and atherogenic monocytes.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Maria C. Adank, Anja K. Johansen, Laura Benschop, Sophia P. Van Streun, Anna M. Smak Gregoor, Linn K. L. Oyri, Monique T. Mulder, Eric A. P. Steegers, Kirsten B. Holven, Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep
Summary: Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy are positively associated with childhood lipid levels in offspring, independent of maternal BMI and diet. This suggests that gestational lipid levels can be used as an early predictor of children's long-term health.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xing-Zi Li, Shi-You Jiang, Guo-Qiang Li, Qian-Ru Jiang, Jue-Wan Li, Chen-Chen Li, Yu-Qin Han, Bao-Liang Song, Xin-Ran Ma, Wei Qi, Wen-Wei Qiu
Summary: A series of novel HMG499 analogs were synthesized and one of the compounds, 29 (QH536), showed potent activity in promoting HMGCR degradation without inducing cholesterol accumulation in cells. Compound 29 also exhibited effects on lowering cholesterol levels and suppressing various related genes, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of CVD and NASH.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Je-Wen Liou, Hemalatha Mani, Jui-Hung Yen
Summary: Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver caused by viral infections, most commonly hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Host lipid metabolism, particularly cholesterol metabolism, is crucial for hepatitis viral infection and life cycle. Manipulating host cholesterol metabolism-related genes and proteins, such as using cholesterol-lowering drugs, has shown promising results in the treatment of viral hepatitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Tyler Bahr, Gavin Butler, Christian Rock, Kyle Welburn, Kathryn Allred, Damian Rodriguez
Summary: Mono- and sesquiterpenoids are the main chemical constituents of essential oils, which have lipid-lowering properties. Many essential oil compounds have similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, likely through direct agonism of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors and direct interaction with sterol-sensing domains. Terpene derivatives in essential oils may have cholesterol-lowering activity and could potentially synergize with statins, but further high-quality studies are needed to establish their clinical efficacy.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yahui Zhu, Mao Li, Hongfen Wang, Fei Yang, Jiao Wang, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to assess the association between genetically proxied cholesterol and the age at onset of Huntington's disease (HD). The results showed that plasma cholesterol levels and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition were not associated with the age at onset of HD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Giovanna Lupo, Silvia Marchiano, Maria Pia Adorni, Francesca Zimetti, Massimiliano Ruscica, Maria Francesca Greco, Alberto Corsini, Nicola Ferri
Summary: Overexpression of PCSK9 in rat SMCs led to downregulation of LDL receptor and marker of contractile phenotype. This resulted in increased cell proliferation rate and partial resistance to simvastatin, indicating a potential role of PCSK9 in atherosclerotic plaque development and pharmacological response to statins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jelle M. Beernink, Milou M. Oosterwijk, Job F. M. van Boven, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Gerjan Navis, Roos M. Nijboer, Christina M. Gant, Heleen Haverkate, Willemien J. Kruik-Kolloffel, Gozewijn D. Laverman
Summary: This study assessed adherence to statin therapy in patients with T2D treated in secondary care and found that higher adherence was associated with lower levels of LDLc. Identifying nonadherence is important as it is a significant determinant of failure to reach LDLc targets.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kyung-Hyun Cho
Summary: This article summarizes the changes in the quantity, quality, and functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the context of health and disease, and discusses their potential role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Jeremy D. Furtado, Giacomo Ruotolo, Stephen J. Nicholls, Robert Dullea, Santos Carvajal-Gonzalez, Frank M. Sacks
Summary: This study suggests that increasing HDL by inhibiting CETP does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease but instead increases the levels of dysfunctional HDL subspecies associated with higher risk.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Food Science & Technology
Zouyan He, Lin Lei, Erika Kwek, Yimin Zhao, Jianhui Liu, Wangjun Hao, Hanyue Zhu, Ning Liang, Ka Ying Ma, Hing Man Ho, Wen-Sen He, Zhen-Yu Chen
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jianhui Liu, Wangjun Hao, Zouyan He, Erika Kwek, Hanyue Zhu, Ning Ma, Ka Ying Ma, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: The study showed that anthocyanin extracts from blueberry and cranberry could reduce body weight and modulate gut microbiota favorably in mice.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zouyan He, Erika Kwek, Wangjun Hao, Hanyue Zhu, Jianhui Liu, Ka Ying Ma, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: Hawthorn fruit extract can reduce TMAO-exacerbated atherogenesis in mice by attenuating inflammation and improving antioxidant capacity.
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ning Liang, Yuk-Man Li, Zouyan He, Wangjun Hao, Yimin Zhao, Jianhui Liu, Hanyue Zhu, Erika Kwek, Ka-Ying Ma, Wen-Sen He, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: The study showed that rutin and quercetin were effective in reducing cholesterol in HepG2 cells in vitro, but had little effect on plasma cholesterol in hamsters when administered orally.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Erika Kwek, Hanyue Zhu, Huafang Ding, Zouyan He, Wangjun Hao, Jianhui Liu, Ka Ying Ma, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: Peony seed oil (PSO) is effective in reducing plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipids, and favorably modulating gut microbiota associated with cholesterol metabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jianming Tao, Lijun Liu, Qian Ma, Ka Ying Ma, Zhen-Yu Chen, Fayin Ye, Lin Lei, Guohua Zhao
Summary: Gamma-oryzanol has been found to have potential as a functional antioxidant in foods, although its ability to combat lipid oxidation is not as effective as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). This study demonstrated that gamma-oryzanol can inhibit oxygen consumption and prevent the decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids in heated canola oil, especially at lower cooking temperatures.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Erika Kwek, Chi Yan, Huafang Ding, Wangjun Hao, Zouyan He, Jianhui Liu, Ka Ying Ma, Hanyue Zhu, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: This study demonstrates that supplementation of hawthorn seed oil (HSO) can help reduce blood lipids and modulate gut microbiota composition in patients with hypercholesterolemia, thus providing a favorable regulation of cholesterol.
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Chi Yan, Erika Kwek, Hua-Fang Ding, Zouyan He, Ka Ying Ma, Hanyue Zhu, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of oxidized cholesterol on gut microbiota and colitis, and found that oxidized cholesterol exacerbates colitis and causes dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erika Kwek, Chi Yan, Huafang Ding, Wangjun Hao, Zouyan He, Ka Ying Ma, Jianhui Liu, Hanyue Zhu, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: Thermally-oxidized oils and lard can negatively affect the gut microbiota, exacerbate atherosclerosis, and alter inflammatory cytokines and plasma lipids.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jianhui Liu, Huafang Ding, Chi Yan, Zouyan He, Hanyue Zhu, Ka Ying Ma
Summary: The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms linking the intestinal microbiota and anti-obesity benefits of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea catechins. The results showed that the three tea catechins significantly alleviated obesity and low-grade inflammation, prevented hepatic steatosis, and upregulated the expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). Metagenomic analysis indicated that the three tea catechins similarly changed the microbiota in terms of overall structure, composition, and protein functions by regulating metabolites and repressing lipopolysaccharides. Therefore, the anti-obese properties of tea catechins were partially mediated by their effects on gut microbiota, hepatic steatosis alleviation, and anti-inflammatory activity.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zouyan He, Hanyue Zhu, Jianhui Liu, Erika Kwek, Ka Ying Ma, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: This study found that mangiferin can alleviate TMAO-induced atherosclerosis through its anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, and gut microbial modulatory activities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yimin Zhao, Zouyan He, Wangjun Hao, Hanyue Zhu, Jianhui Liu, Ka Ying Ma, Wen-Sen He, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: Protocatechuic acid (PCA) significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol in hamsters fed with high-cholesterol diet, with mechanisms involving increased fecal excretion of lipids, modulation of gut microbiome, and up-regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene expression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wangjun Hao, Erika Kwek, Zouyan He, Hanyue Zhu, Jianhui Liu, Yimin Zhao, Ka Ying Ma, Wen-Sen He, Zhen-Yu Chen
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yimin Zhao, Zouyan He, Wangjun Hao, Hanyue Zhu, Ning Liang, Jianhui Liu, Chengnan Zhang, Ka Ying Ma, Wen-Sen He, Yan Yang, Zhen-Yu Chen
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wangjun Hao, Zouyan He, Hanyue Zhu, Jianhui Liu, Erika Kwek, Yimin Zhao, Ka Ying Ma, Wen-Sen He, Zhen-Yu Chen