Stimulation of seed germination of Orobanche species by ophiobolin A and fusicoccin derivatives

Various Orobanche species (broomrapes) are serious weed problems and cause severe reduction on yields in many important crops. Seeds of these parasitic weeds may remain dormant in the soil for many years until germination is stimulated by the release of a chemical signal by roots of a host plant. Some fungal metabolites, such as ophiobolin A and fusicoccin derivatives, were assayed to determine their capacity to stimulate the seed germination of several Orobanche species. The results obtained showed that the stimulation of seed germination is species-dependent and also affected by the concentration of the stimulant. Among ophiobolin A, fusicoccin, and its seven derivatives, tested in the concentration range of 10(-4)-10(-7) M, the highest stimulatory effect was observed for ophiobolin A and the hexacetyl and pentacetyl isomers of 16-O-demethyl-de-tert-pentenylfusicoccin prepared by chemical modification of the fusicoccin, while the other fusicoccin derivatives appeared to be practically inactive. The most sensitive species appeared to be O. aegyptica, O. cumana, O. minor, and to a lesser extent, O. ramosa.