Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qiao Wang, Zhuohao Zhang, Jiali Wang, Chong Wang, Luoran Shang
Summary: Encoded microcarriers are powerful tools in bioanalysis, with a current trend of making them easy to code/decode, having a large coding capacity, and fewer restrictions on usage conditions. By encapsulating upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in microcapsules, a large coding capacity is achieved without being restricted by penetration depth of the excitation light.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark Brown, Joel E. Cohen, Chuan-Fa Tang, Sheung Chi Phillip Yam
Summary: We generalize Taylor's law to heavy-tailed distributions with tail index alpha in (0, 1) and infinite mean, demonstrating specific relationships between sample statistics and sample mean as sample size increases. These scaling relationships characterize the risk-adjusted performance of investments and are known as Taylor's law in ecology and fluctuation scaling in physics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alexander J. Schmidt, Konstantin O. Zamuruyev, Michael K. LeVasseur, Stephanie Fung, Ilya M. Anishchenko, Nicholas J. Kenyon, Cristina E. Davis
Summary: This paper presents the microfabrication and performance of a three-dimensional electrospray ionization (ESI) emitter tip made from glass, which achieves stable current signals important for chemical analysis. Our novel microfabrication process and custom-built signal conditioning hardware provides the advantage of providing accurate features and steady signals. The fabrication process relies on standard microfabrication techniques (i.e., deposition, photolithography, and wet etching).
MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
S. A. Khrapak, A. G. Khrapak
Summary: It is demonstrated that the freezing density scaling of transport coefficients in fluids, similar to the freezing temperature scaling, can be explained by the quasi-universal excess entropy scaling approach proposed by Rosenfeld. This scaling approach for freezing density has a considerably wider applicability on the phase diagram of Lennard-Jones and related systems. The excellent accuracy of this approach in reproducing the shear viscosity coefficients of saturated liquid argon, krypton, xenon, and methane further showcases its predictive power.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haroldo Ribeiro, Milena Oehlers, Ana Moreno-Monroy, Jurgen P. Kropp, Diego Rybski
Summary: The research found a connection between urban scaling and Zipf's law, where the scale returns of urban GDP are related to the distribution of cities within a country.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hokyun Kim, Sanghu Park, Minhyuk Jeong, Hyungi Byun, Juyub Kim, Doo Yong Lee, Jooyoung Jeon, Eojin Yi, Kwangwon Ahn
Summary: This study examines whether different types of texts, particularly in Korean, can be distinguished by the scaling exponent and degree of text cohesion. The findings suggest that the word distributions of Korean languages differ from English in terms of the range of scaling exponents. Additionally, different types of Korean texts display similar scaling exponents regardless of their genre.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
F. S. Abril, C. J. Quimbay
Summary: The article explores the relationship between temporal fluctuation scaling (TFS) and temporal Theil scaling (TTS), and their presence in nonstationary time series. By analyzing data from financial markets, meteorology, and COVID-19 spread, the authors find that TTS is present in diffusive trajectory time series, while TFS is not.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xiao-Jun Yang
Summary: In this paper, an anomalous chaotic system involving the Mandelbrot scaling-law is proposed, exhibiting the Wukong effect. The comparison between Lorenz and scaling-law attractors is discussed, along with a conjecture for the fixed point theory of the fractal scaling-law attractor. This study may open a new door in the field of chaos theory.
FRACTALS-COMPLEX GEOMETRY PATTERNS AND SCALING IN NATURE AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akira Terui, Seoghyun Kim, Christine L. Dolph, Taku Kadoya, Yusuke Miyazaki
Summary: The prevailing paradigm suggests that species richness increases with area in a decelerating way. However, in spatially complex ecosystems like river networks, biodiversity patterns may scale along two dimensions of ecosystem size and complexity. Ecosystem size dictates metacommunity size and habitat diversity, while ecosystem complexity, represented by branching in fractal systems, controls habitat heterogeneity and affects species richness.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jiang-Hai Qian, Qi-Jia Liao, Jing Xu, Han-Yun Chang, Ding-Ding Han, Yu-Gang Ma
Summary: We study a network model in which the spatial constraint changes with the network growth and find that the dynamic constraint generally leads to a non-stationary multiple scaling law in degree distribution. Specifically, we demonstrate the successive emergence of different power-law segments during the network evolution, from a single power law at the beginning to a double one and to more scaling laws due to the model setting. Our findings suggest a plausible geometric origin of the double power-law distribution and predict its non-stationary nature accompanied by its emergence, which are supported by our empirical study on the Chinese airline network.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Sergei G. Chefranov, Artem S. Chefranov
Summary: A new interpretation of the turbulent regime before the stagnation stage of fusion implosion is proposed. The authors use a universal turbulence energy spectrum with a scaling law -8/3, which is more relevant than the Kolmogorov spectrum of -5/3 at this stage. The occurrence of the anisotropic spectrum -8/3 in turbulence associated with hydrodynamic instability of rotation of the medium behind the shock wave front is also considered.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiao-Jun Yang, Mahmoud Abdel-Aty, Moaiad A. A. Khder
Summary: This article discusses a new model for solving the scaling law heat conduction problem using scaling law vector calculus associated with the Korcak scaling law. The scaling law heat conduction equations are detailed, and the scaling law vector calculus formulas are proposed as an efficient mathematical tool to describe the Korcak scaling-law phenomena in heat transport system.
Article
Urban Studies
Yixiong Xiao, Peng Gong
Summary: Analyzing urban scaling relations and incorporating spatial autocorrelation can help predict future city development and derive scale adjusted metropolitan indicators (SAMIs) for evaluating city performance. In this study, an eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) model is proposed to capture the spatial effect in modeling the scaling relations of cities. Based on the residuals of the ESF model, a new set of urban indicators called spatial and scale adjusted metropolitan indicators (SSAMIs) is proposed to address the influence of spatial autocorrelation on SAMIs. The results from experiments in China and the United States show that the ESF model generates better-fitted results compared to non-spatial models, and using SSAMIs can avoid overestimations or underestimations of cities in different regions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiao-Jun Yang, Jian-Gen Liu
Summary: This paper introduces a non-traditional approach to describe fluid flows associated with the Mandelbrot scaling law, proposing quantum equations to control these flows and providing a new insight into the behavior of fluid flows in Mandelbrot scaling law phenomena.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Kartik P. Iyer
Summary: The asymptotic energy dissipation is related to the scaling of the longitudinal velocity increment magnitude in three-dimensional turbulence, as described by the Kolmogorov 4/5 law. It is found that the scaling of the third-order longitudinal absolute velocity increment should not exceed unity for anomalous dissipation to occur, which means that the average dissipation should not vanish in the inviscid limit. Conversely, if the scaling of the third-order longitudinal absolute velocity increment exceeds unity, then the average dissipation must asymptotically vanish and the velocity increment field will become symmetric at least at the level of its skewness. This Letter emphasizes the importance of the third-order absolute velocity increment scaling in assessing the status of the zeroth law of turbulence.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Z. Wang, Y. Tian, C. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Deng
Summary: An experimental study shows that externally wetted thin discs can generate multiple tip streaming in electric fields, forming radial liquid ligaments at the disc edge with spacings as short as 30 μm. This phenomenon is influenced by the intensity of the electric field.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Huihui Xia, Boyang Yu, Kai Chang, Xinyan Zhao, Weiwei Deng
Summary: A quadrupole configuration is proposed to compress the circular electrospray pattern into a much slenderer elliptical shape, decreasing inter-droplet distance and increasing merging probability. This simple apparatus offers precise controls of the aspect ratio of the pattern and provides a feasible approach to produce smooth thin films without pin holes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Z. Wang, C. Zhang, H. Xia, Q. Xie, W. Deng
Summary: The presence of intense radial electric fields on a small wetted disk foil leads to the formation of numerous cone-jets and electrosprays, offering a simple and convenient method for creating quasi-monodisperse droplets at high throughput. This study quantitatively investigates the flow characteristics of an axisymmetric thin liquid film subjected to a radial electric field. Experimental measurements of the film thickness and velocity field provide insights into the multiplexed electrohydrodynamic tip streaming from a thin disk.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Gengxin Du, Zhibei Wang, Tianqi Zhai, Yaxing Li, Kai Chang, Boyang Yu, Xinyan Zhao, Weiwei Deng
Summary: A new flexible microcomb printing method is proposed in this study, which is shown to enhance molecular alignment and mass transport through high shear and extensional strain rates. The printed organic solar cells (OSCs) demonstrate improved crystallinity and phase separation with suitable domain size, achieving higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) compared to control devices. Flexible OSCs with the highest PCEs reported to date for scalable printing techniques are successfully manufactured, making microcomb printing a promising strategy for efficient OSC production.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yaxing Li, Kai Chang, Jingyu Chang, Boyang Yu, Linna Liu, Bingyang Liu, Xinyan Zhao, Weiwei Deng
Summary: This study proposes a kirigami-based solar tracking approach for the paper-like organic photovoltaics. By applying stretching force to the beams and hinges, the device region can rotate to maintain high optical coupling efficiency. The all-printed kirigami OPVs achieve high power conversion efficiencies and show mechanical robustness and design versatility.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Yu Tian, Yanchu Liu, Zihan Peng, Chenghao Xu, Dong Ye, Yin Guan, Xinping Zhou, Weiwei Deng, YongAn Huang
Summary: In this study, it is found experimentally and numerically that the air entrapment process and initial contact state of a drop on a solid substrate can be profoundly altered by an external electric field. The electric field affects the induced electric stresses at the bottom of the drop, resulting in reduced initial contact radius and air bubble size. A critical electric field can eliminate the air bubble entrapment, providing a new method to mitigate defects in inkjet printing and droplet-based additive manufacturing.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Daner Chen, Zheng Wang, Boyang Yu, Xiujuan Tang, Yuehong Shen, Lian-Ping Wang, Yuenan Wang, Hongyu Yang, Weiwei Deng
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant challenge to dental clinics due to the generation of airborne materials during dental procedures. Researchers have found that the spray produced by the air turbine handpiece consists of a centrifugal zone and a ballistic spray core, with the droplets from the centrifugal zone being smaller and more likely to stay in the air. The study shows that using a carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) water solution can effectively suppress the aerosol generation from the centrifugal zone.
Article
Mechanics
Yuming Pan, Zhibei Wang, Xinyan Zhao, Weiwei Deng, Huihui Xia
Summary: Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted on the axisymmetric spreading evolution of dynamic spin coating with a single drop of ethanol. The dynamic spreading process consists of two stages: inertial spreading stage and centrifugal thinning stage. The effect of rotational Bond number dominates the flow in the centrifugal thinning stage while the Weber number determines the spreading in the first stage.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Yu Tian, Linsen Di, Wuxing Lai, Yin Guan, Weiwei Deng, YongAn Huang
Summary: In this study, the air cushioning phenomena in micro-sized droplets impacting on a solid surface were numerically investigated. It was found that the critical impact speed for bouncing on the air cushion increases as the droplet radius decreases, while the Weber number remains within a narrow range of 1 to 4. The scaling law of the critical impact speed for bouncing was derived by balancing the lubrication pressure of the air cushion with the capillary pressure and droplet inertia. Additionally, it was discovered that the impact mode can transform from bouncing to wetting with an electric field.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Boyang Yu, Linna Liu, Bingyang Liu, Xinyan Zhao, Weiwei Deng
Summary: This study investigates the use of low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) as cathodes in organic solar cells (OSCs) based on the D18:Y6 system, achieving high-performance fully-printed OSCs. The direct LMPA writing technique shows promising potential for widespread applications in the field.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ping Liu, Boyang Yu, Wanqing Cai, Xiongxian Yao, Kai Chang, Xinyan Zhao, Zhichun Si, Weiwei Deng, Yuanyuan Zhou, Guangmin Zhou, Guodan Wei
Summary: Researchers have found that adding a polymer additive (PEtOx) to the solution processing of perovskite films can improve their environmental stability, increase the photoluminescence quantum yields, and enable complex-patterned displays.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yu Tian, Zihan Peng, Yanchu Liu, Linsen Di, Ziyi Zhan, Dong Ye, Yin Guan, Xinping Zhou, Weiwei Deng, YongAn Huang
Summary: Researchers have found that an external electric field can eliminate bubble entrapments during the impact of droplets on a solid surface. They provide a complete physical picture of the entire process, dividing it into three stages. The study reveals different droplet deposition modes under various electric fields and provides guidance for achieving high-quality droplet depositions.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kai Chang, Boyang Yu, Linna Liu, Dong Fang, Xinyan Zhao, Baoxiu Mi, Wei Huang, Weiwei Deng
Summary: This work addresses two key challenges toward fully-sprayed organic solar cells (OSCs): the printing of a high-quality photoactive layer free of coffee rings and the spray of the top electrode without the need of evaporation nor solvents. By depositing the photoactive layer using electrospray on a cooled substrate, coffee rings are eliminated, resulting in homogeneous films and improved performance. A spray-printed alloy electrode with a melting point of 62 degrees C is optimized for coverage and film thickness. The fully-sprayed OSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.09%, showing a viable route towards high-performance fully-sprayed OSCs.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jian Chen, Boyang Yu, Jian Zhu, Yufei Gao, Weiwei Deng, Rouxi Chen, Hsing-Lin Wang
Summary: In this study, a hierarchical and biodegradable nonwoven membrane was prepared using the biosynthetic polymer PHBV for air filtration of particulate matter. The membrane showed high removal efficiency for PM0.3 and PM2.5, and could completely degrade under composted conditions.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ping Yang, Tianqi Zhai, Boyang Yu, Gengxin Du, Baoxiu Mi, Xinyan Zhao, Weiwei Deng
Summary: The article introduces a method for preparing OSCs using aerosol printing with VMA technology, which converts organic materials into fine aerosol droplets and controls them through a printing nozzle to achieve favorable arrangement and crystallization, thereby obtaining high-efficiency OSCs devices.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Francisco J. Higuera, Juan Fernandez de la Mora
Summary: This study investigates a particle condensation device that uses cold and warm humid air streams to achieve water vapor condensation. Compared to existing water condensation particle counters, this configuration offers advantages such as variable saturation ratio, accelerated penetration of water vapor, and a relatively uniform saturation field.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Brijal Prajapati, Vishal Dharaiya, Manoranjan Sahu, Chandra Venkatraman, Pratim Biswas, Kajal Yadav, Delwin Pullokaran, Ramya Sunder Raman, Ruqia Bhat, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid Jehangir
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a low-cost particulate matter sensor and proposed a physics-based calibration method. The results showed that the physics-based calibration approach performed better compared to statistical models at both observation sites.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Correction
Engineering, Chemical
N. Searle, K. Kaur, K. Kelly
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tianyu Cen, Laura Torrent, Andrea Testino, Christian Ludwig
Summary: In this study, a hyphenated setup consisting of a rotating disk diluter (RDD) with spICP-MS (RDDspICP-MS) was used for online sampling and characterization of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in ambient pressure aerosols. The RDD allowed for constant flow rate sampling of aerosols and adjusting the dilution ratio for different particle number concentrations (PNCs). The feasibility of this setup was tested with different sizes of AuNPs in argon-based and air-based aerosols, and the results showed a lower limit of detection for number concentration. The capability of the setup to accurately investigate multi-modal samples and the interference of ionic species was also demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. Valenzuela, E. Bazo, R. A. Rica, L. Alados-Arboledas, F. J. Olmo-Reyes
Summary: This article introduces a method to measure the extinction cross section of levitated particles using an electrodynamic trap and double-cavity ring down spectroscopy technique, and demonstrates the potential of this method in 1,2,6-hexanetriol particles through simulations and experiments. Unlike traditional methods, this technique provides crucial information about the extinction cross section of sodium chloride particles during dehydration and hydration processes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shadi Yaqoubi, Mohaddese Sokuti, Sahand Mazloum-Ravasan, Kofi Asare-Addo, Hamed Hamishehkar, Ali Nokhodchi
Summary: In this study, a modified version of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was used to prepare salbutamol sulfate dry powder. The engineered particles showed suitable characteristics for effective drug delivery to the lungs and demonstrated acceptable aerosolization performance. This newly introduced method appears to be capable of producing dry powder formulations of different drugs without the need for surfactants or stabilizers.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ashley L. Nord, Patrice Dosset, Pierre Slangen, Manouk Abkarian
Summary: Phonation has been found to be a potent transmission route for the COVID-19 virus. To control transmission, it is important to measure the amount of aerosols produced by speech. Researchers used digital in-line holography to overcome experimental challenges and successfully imaged the formation and deformation of saliva filaments in the mouth during speech, as well as the resulting aerosolized droplets.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yating Wang, Yiyang Zhang, Zhu Fang, Xinxin Wu
Summary: The research investigates the energy dissipation in particle-wall collision with roughness using the finite element method. The results show that the presence of surface roughness leads to lower viscoelastic dissipation and higher restitution coefficient compared to a smooth surface. The collision time is identified as a key factor in predicting the energy dissipation.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shaamrit Balendra, Akshay Kale, Julie Pongetti, Mohsen Kazemimanesh, Molly Haugen, Lee Weller, Adam Boies
Summary: The measurement of airborne particles is important for detecting and characterising air pollution, emissions, fire detection, occupational and climate impacts. However, current optical particle counters (OPCs) cannot measure ultrafine particles. This study explores the limitations of miniaturising a condensation particle counter (CPC) growth chamber and provides a toolkit for optimising the design of miniaturised CPC-GCs.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Markus Snellman, Namsoon Eom, Maria E. Messing, Knut Deppert, Chris Hogan
Summary: Segregated bimetallic nanoparticles, such as core-shell nanoparticles, have attracted widespread interest in various fields like biomedicine, catalysis, and optoelectronics. Aerosol technology provides an optimal platform for controlling the size, structure, and composition of nanoparticles, which are crucial parameters for tuning the material performance for specific applications. In this study, researchers developed a novel evaporator design that allows on-line coating of core particles with a shell directly in the gas phase. By utilizing a local heater, the researchers were able to decouple the heating process of the evaporating material from the aerosol particles, thereby limiting core-shell alloying. The resulting core-shell particle formation with controllable shell thickness was demonstrated using evaporation of zinc onto core particles of gold, tin, and bismuth. Simple models were also discussed to explain the observed growth process inside the evaporator and the formation of the shell.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kentaro Misawa, Yuto Kasai
Summary: In this study, the laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to observe scattered and fluorescent signals from fluorescent polystyrene latex particles. The ratio of fluorescence to scattered signal intensities was found to be almost equal for particles of the same size, allowing for the separate observation of mixed-size fluorescent particles. Relative fluorescence intensities were obtained by incorporating ratios of fluorescence to scattered signal and relative scattered signal intensities.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sripriya Nannu Shankar, William B. Vass, John A. Lednicky, Tracey Logan, Rebeccah L. Messcher, Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez, Stavros Amanatidis, Tara Sabo-Attwood, Chang-Yu Wu
Summary: This study introduces a testing system that allows for direct exposure of aerosolized viruses onto host cells. By collecting particles of different sizes and analyzing them, researchers obtained information on the concentration and viability of the virus at different particle sizes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)