Article
Biology
Jiang Li, Jiawei Ma, Jingliang Dong, Wei Yang, Jiyuan Tu, Lin Tian
Summary: This study utilized a realistic respiratory airway model to investigate the transport and deposition of fibers in the respiratory system. It found that the upstream airway geometry and flow condition have a significant impact on fiber transport and deposition in the downstream airway regions.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Pia Borelbach, Rodion Kopitzky, Jorg Dahringer, Patrick Gutmann
Summary: This study investigated the degradation behavior of fibers made from polylactic acid (PLA) and a polyhydroxy alkanoate (PHA) blend with PLA, as well as a bicomponent fiber (BICO) made from polybutylene succinate (PBS) and PLA. The fibers were tested under different environmental conditions, including soil and industrial composting. The results showed that PLA and BICO fibers did not degrade in soil, while the PHA fibers showed cracks, decreased molecular weight, and changes in the IR spectrum in SEM analysis.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Kaniz Moriam, Daisuke Sawada, Kaarlo Nieminen, Yibo Ma, Marja Rissanen, Nicole Nygren, Chamseddine Guizani, Michael Hummel, Herbert Sixta
Summary: The study presented strategies to improve fiber toughness by tuning spinneret geometries. Experimental studies and numerical simulations were used to understand the effects, and the highest fiber toughness was found to be achieved at a capillary aspect ratio of 1 to 2. The Ioncell fibers obtained high toughness potential to replace synthetic fibers by modulating the spinneret geometries.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yibo Ma, Xiang You, Marja Rissanen, Inge Schlapp-Hackl, Herbert Sixta
Summary: The study proposed a green route for cross-linking regenerated cellulose fibers using citric acid and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid to prevent fibrillation. It was found that BTCA showed better cross-linking performance compared to CA, and the addition of glycerol and xylitol helped avoid yellowing issues. Adding softener in the cross-linker solution enhanced the mechanical properties and reduced the curing temperature without deteriorating the fibrillation index of the fibers.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mingyang Sun, Miao Yu, Peitong Lv, Asu Li, Haoran Wang, Xiaotong Zhang, Tiehu Fan, Tianyu Zhang
Summary: Real-time threat identification has been a focal point in the security field, with researchers developing the SE-WaveNet deep learning model to efficiently address risks in threat event identification. By introducing the SE structure of the attention mechanism, the SE-WaveNet adapts to matrix data with complete information. Experimental results show that SE-WaveNet outperforms other models in accuracy, model size reduction, and processing speed.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hao-Liang Li, Ming-Dian Li, Xing-Chao Cui, Si-Wei Chen
Summary: This paper investigates the issue of radar identification of man-made targets and proposes a method to utilize the scattering diversity in the polarimetric rotation domain for target recognition. By analyzing polarimetric correlation patterns and developing a polarimetric roll-invariant feature coding scheme, the recognition performance and robustness are improved.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fabian Sommer, Bettina Sonntag, Nikolai Rastl, Monika Summerer, Barbara Tartarotti
Summary: Climate warming has various impacts on the Alpine region, particularly on winter sports tourism, leading to the construction of mountain reservoirs for artificial snow making. The planktonic communities in these reservoirs are affected not only by the harsh environmental conditions of the alpine region but also by rapid water level fluctuations. This study focused on ciliates and found that their abundance and community composition in the mountain reservoirs were influenced by local factors like pH, nutrients, water transparency, and crustacean predators.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wei-Hsin Chen, Justus Kavita Mutuku, Zhe-Wei Yang, Chii-Jong Hwang, Wen Jhy Lee, Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of high concentrations of PM2.5 on the transmission of the SAR-CoV-2 virus. Through numerical simulations, it was found that asthmatic airway models have higher deposition efficiencies for contaminated PM2.5 compared to healthy airway models.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dogan Ciloglu, Adem Karaman
Summary: This study numerically investigated airflow and aerosol particle dynamics in different breathing conditions, finding that particle deposition is influenced by inspiration flow rate and particle size. The results showed that inertial impaction plays an active role in particle deposition.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chang Xu, Xin Zheng, Shifei Shen
Summary: A numerical study was conducted on the effects of ambient temperature and humidity on the transportation of sodium chloride particles in a human airway model. The results indicated that particle size growth and deposition efficiency were influenced by humidity conditions, with supersaturation-induced condensation significantly promoting particle deposition, especially in cold-dry conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinguang Cui, Wei Song, Yuan Xue, Hao Jing, Ming Lei, Honglei Ma, Xinxing He, Pengfei Zou, Bin Wu, Jintao Wang
Summary: This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the characteristics of micro-lunar dust (LD) deposition in the human nasal airway. The results show that the size of LD and astronauts' activity level influence the deposition characteristics. The findings can be used to assess the health risks and develop protective measures against LD exposure.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Shian Lai, Quan Zhang, Lin Jin
Summary: Due to the abuse of antibiotics, an increasing number of drug-resistant bacterial strains have emerged, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have proven to be one of the most effective solutions, as they exhibit low propensity for drug resistance and possess remarkable antimicrobial effects. Among them, cyclic AMPs, especially macrocyclic ones, have garnered extensive attention.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wei-Chung Su, Jinho Lee, Jinxiang Xi, Kai Zhang
Summary: Ultrafine particles are a significant public health issue, and cloth masks have low efficiency in filtering them, while KN95 masks have better efficiency. Mask-wearing can decrease the deposition efficiency of ultrafine particles in the airways, and the effect is similar among different masks.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiayu Wei, Hao Xie, Xiaole Chen, Xibin Quan, Zhicong Zhang, Xiaojian Xie, Jianping Shi, Guanghui Zeng
Summary: Basic analysis of the flow field and aerosol deposition under different conditions when a spreader contains an upper airway tract is essential for accurately predicting the transmission of virus-laden aerosols. Simulation results demonstrate that the presence of the upper airway structure significantly affects aerosol deposition, and higher air velocity increases the deposition rate. Additionally, a low-temperature environment reduces aerosol deposition.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nejla B. Erdal, Minna Hakkarainen
Summary: Biodegradable polymers play a crucial role in combating plastic waste, but their degradation process can be influenced by various factors such as chemical modification and environmental conditions in different environments.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Francisco J. Higuera, Juan Fernandez de la Mora
Summary: This study investigates a particle condensation device that uses cold and warm humid air streams to achieve water vapor condensation. Compared to existing water condensation particle counters, this configuration offers advantages such as variable saturation ratio, accelerated penetration of water vapor, and a relatively uniform saturation field.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Brijal Prajapati, Vishal Dharaiya, Manoranjan Sahu, Chandra Venkatraman, Pratim Biswas, Kajal Yadav, Delwin Pullokaran, Ramya Sunder Raman, Ruqia Bhat, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid Jehangir
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a low-cost particulate matter sensor and proposed a physics-based calibration method. The results showed that the physics-based calibration approach performed better compared to statistical models at both observation sites.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Correction
Engineering, Chemical
N. Searle, K. Kaur, K. Kelly
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tianyu Cen, Laura Torrent, Andrea Testino, Christian Ludwig
Summary: In this study, a hyphenated setup consisting of a rotating disk diluter (RDD) with spICP-MS (RDDspICP-MS) was used for online sampling and characterization of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in ambient pressure aerosols. The RDD allowed for constant flow rate sampling of aerosols and adjusting the dilution ratio for different particle number concentrations (PNCs). The feasibility of this setup was tested with different sizes of AuNPs in argon-based and air-based aerosols, and the results showed a lower limit of detection for number concentration. The capability of the setup to accurately investigate multi-modal samples and the interference of ionic species was also demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. Valenzuela, E. Bazo, R. A. Rica, L. Alados-Arboledas, F. J. Olmo-Reyes
Summary: This article introduces a method to measure the extinction cross section of levitated particles using an electrodynamic trap and double-cavity ring down spectroscopy technique, and demonstrates the potential of this method in 1,2,6-hexanetriol particles through simulations and experiments. Unlike traditional methods, this technique provides crucial information about the extinction cross section of sodium chloride particles during dehydration and hydration processes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shadi Yaqoubi, Mohaddese Sokuti, Sahand Mazloum-Ravasan, Kofi Asare-Addo, Hamed Hamishehkar, Ali Nokhodchi
Summary: In this study, a modified version of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was used to prepare salbutamol sulfate dry powder. The engineered particles showed suitable characteristics for effective drug delivery to the lungs and demonstrated acceptable aerosolization performance. This newly introduced method appears to be capable of producing dry powder formulations of different drugs without the need for surfactants or stabilizers.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ashley L. Nord, Patrice Dosset, Pierre Slangen, Manouk Abkarian
Summary: Phonation has been found to be a potent transmission route for the COVID-19 virus. To control transmission, it is important to measure the amount of aerosols produced by speech. Researchers used digital in-line holography to overcome experimental challenges and successfully imaged the formation and deformation of saliva filaments in the mouth during speech, as well as the resulting aerosolized droplets.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yating Wang, Yiyang Zhang, Zhu Fang, Xinxin Wu
Summary: The research investigates the energy dissipation in particle-wall collision with roughness using the finite element method. The results show that the presence of surface roughness leads to lower viscoelastic dissipation and higher restitution coefficient compared to a smooth surface. The collision time is identified as a key factor in predicting the energy dissipation.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shaamrit Balendra, Akshay Kale, Julie Pongetti, Mohsen Kazemimanesh, Molly Haugen, Lee Weller, Adam Boies
Summary: The measurement of airborne particles is important for detecting and characterising air pollution, emissions, fire detection, occupational and climate impacts. However, current optical particle counters (OPCs) cannot measure ultrafine particles. This study explores the limitations of miniaturising a condensation particle counter (CPC) growth chamber and provides a toolkit for optimising the design of miniaturised CPC-GCs.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Markus Snellman, Namsoon Eom, Maria E. Messing, Knut Deppert, Chris Hogan
Summary: Segregated bimetallic nanoparticles, such as core-shell nanoparticles, have attracted widespread interest in various fields like biomedicine, catalysis, and optoelectronics. Aerosol technology provides an optimal platform for controlling the size, structure, and composition of nanoparticles, which are crucial parameters for tuning the material performance for specific applications. In this study, researchers developed a novel evaporator design that allows on-line coating of core particles with a shell directly in the gas phase. By utilizing a local heater, the researchers were able to decouple the heating process of the evaporating material from the aerosol particles, thereby limiting core-shell alloying. The resulting core-shell particle formation with controllable shell thickness was demonstrated using evaporation of zinc onto core particles of gold, tin, and bismuth. Simple models were also discussed to explain the observed growth process inside the evaporator and the formation of the shell.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kentaro Misawa, Yuto Kasai
Summary: In this study, the laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to observe scattered and fluorescent signals from fluorescent polystyrene latex particles. The ratio of fluorescence to scattered signal intensities was found to be almost equal for particles of the same size, allowing for the separate observation of mixed-size fluorescent particles. Relative fluorescence intensities were obtained by incorporating ratios of fluorescence to scattered signal and relative scattered signal intensities.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sripriya Nannu Shankar, William B. Vass, John A. Lednicky, Tracey Logan, Rebeccah L. Messcher, Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez, Stavros Amanatidis, Tara Sabo-Attwood, Chang-Yu Wu
Summary: This study introduces a testing system that allows for direct exposure of aerosolized viruses onto host cells. By collecting particles of different sizes and analyzing them, researchers obtained information on the concentration and viability of the virus at different particle sizes.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2024)
