Article
Engineering, Chemical
Farnia Dastoorian, Leila Pakzad, Janusz Kozinski, Ehsan Behzadfar
Summary: Inhalation therapy using a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) is an effective treatment method for asthma patients. This study developed a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the aerosol flow from a pMDI into the mouth-throat area. The results showed that the flow patterns and drug deposition behavior were influenced by the air flow rate and cone angle. Increasing the air flow rate reduced the particle diameter, while increasing the cone angle increased mouth-throat deposition.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daniel J. Duke, Lingzhe Rao, Alan Kastengren, Benjamin Myatt, Phil Cocks, Stephen Stein, Nirmal Marasini, Hui Xin Ong, Paul Young
Summary: This study used X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to examine the distribution of drugs inside the canister and actuator in different pMDI formulations. The results indicate that new propellants have a significant impact on drug distribution, particularly for low-GWP formulations where chemistry changes play a major role.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Eliram Nof, Saurabh L. Bhardwaj, Pantelis Koullapis, Ron L. Bessler, Stavros Kassinos, Josue L. Sznitman
Summary: In this study, experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate three-dimensional respiratory airflows and compare two commonly used numerical schemes. The results showed that, under certain conditions, the coarse Reynolds-Averaged Numerical Simulations (RANS) can accurately predict velocity flow patterns, while the more accurate Large Eddy Simulations (LES) can better simulate turbulence. These findings are important for respiratory research, therapy, and toxic measurement.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Yi Jin, Xiaole Chen, Yu Feng, Zhenning Jia, Jinan Zhang, Xiaojian Xie, Ya Zhang
Summary: This paper presents a novel method to measure the deposition fraction and spatial distribution of droplets through a single experiment. By utilizing an idealized mouth-to-throat model and fluorescein-labeled saline solution, the deposition pattern of droplets can be qualitatively observed. Experimental results show that the deposition fraction of nebulized droplets initially decreases and then increases with increasing inspiratory flow rate, and the deposition hotspots shift from the bottom of the oral cavity to the throat as the inhalation flow rate increases. This method offers valuable insight into the behavior of nebulized droplets and has the potential for research on aerosol transmission and exposure risk assessment.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Victoria Legh-Land, Allen E. Haddrell, David Lewis, Darragh Murnane, Jonathan P. Reid
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of particle formation and maturation in pMDI sprays, showing that evaporating aerosol droplets can act as condensation nuclei for water and the rapid vaporization of volatile components is directly correlated to the volume of water taken up by condensation. Droplets with a water activity of 0.98 at inhalation produce markedly different dose deposition profiles compared to those with lower water activities at the point of inspiration.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Teerapol Srichana, Charisopon Chunhachaichana, Roongnapa Suedee, Somchai Sawatdee, Narumon Changsan
Summary: CBD formulated as an inhaler (CBD-MDI) showed significant anti-inflammatory effects against various stimuli, without triggering an immune response, and demonstrated comparable efficacy to budesonide. The study also found that CBD-MDI was more effective in treatment rather than prevention.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Josh Williams, Jari Kolehmainen, Steve Cunningham, Ali Ozel, Uwe Wolfram
Summary: For many respiratory disease patients, managing their condition with inhalers improves their breathing ability; however, poor disease management and increasing pollution can lead to exacerbations. Drug deposition in the throat instead of the lungs limits symptom relief. Studies on aerosol inhalation suggest that patient-specific computational models can optimize drug delivery to the lungs, but often fail to account for impaired breathing scenarios, such as during recovery from an exacerbation. Our research reveals that image-based airway models are crucial for accurate respiratory modeling and various inhalation profiles should be tested for optimal prediction of inhaler deposition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kaveh Ahookhosh, Maysam Saidi, Mousa Mohammadpourfard, Habib Aminfar, Hamed Hamishehkar, Ali Farnoud, Otmar Schmid
Summary: Inhalation therapy is crucial for the management of respiratory diseases, and pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are a popular drug delivery device. Computational study on flow structure inside pMDI and deposition of micron-sized particles in human airway model revealed significant impact of inhalation air flow rate and inhaler geometry on deposition patterns.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xueying Xia, Ting Ding, Xiaole Chen, Feng Tao, Baobin Sun, Tong Lu, Jianwei Wang, Yu Huang, Yin Xu
Summary: This study proposes an experimental system to measure the deposition fraction (DF) of nebulized sodium chloride (NaCl) droplets in an idealized mouth-throat airway model. The results show that the DF decreases from 42.4% to 15.5% when the inhalation flow rate increases from 15 to 22.5 L/min for a normal saline solution. These results differ from dry powder or particle experiments and simulations, indicating the important role of droplet evaporation during aerosol generation and transport.
Article
Biophysics
Mahsa Jahed, Janusz Kozinski, Leila Pakzad
Summary: This study used computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of two different nozzle types on drug deposition in the mouth-throat region. The study found that the actuator structure significantly impacts the device's efficacy.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Mahsa Jahed, Janusz Kozinski, Leila Pakzad
Summary: This study investigated the impact of two different nozzle types on drug deposition in the mouth-throat region, as well as the behavior of aerosol plumes in different environments using computational fluid dynamics simulations. The study revealed that the actuator structure significantly affects the device's efficacy.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mona Al-Ahmad, David Webb
Summary: The study in a real-world population in Kuwait showed that switching asthma patients from ICS/LABA DPI to ICS/LABA pMDI can significantly improve lung function and increase asthma control within 12 months.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Michael D. Davis, Jessica L. Saunders, Coral Ringer, Rebecca Engberg, Yi Zhao, Rob DiBlasi, Bruce K. Rubin
Summary: Although there is currently no quantifiable way to determine if children are inhaling their medication correctly through a valved holding chamber (VHC), the prototype VHC device TipsHaler (TM) (tVHC) can measure inspiratory time, flow, and volume without changing the properties of the medication aerosol. Active coaching via tVHC can improve pediatric patients' inhalational patterns when using a pMDI, increasing the pulmonary deposition of inhaled aerosols in an in vitro model. This pilot study demonstrates that inspiratory time and volume strongly correlate with pulmonary deposition of inhaled drugs.
JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tzu-Yu Lin, Dah-Chin Yan, Yi-Jung Wang, Yu-Ting Liang, Tun-Liang Chen, Gwo-Hwa Wan
Summary: This study assessed the agreement between checklists and an aerosol inhalation monitor (AIM) in evaluating inhalation techniques. The results showed poor agreement between the checklist and AIM in actuation and inhalation time for MDIs, and moderate agreement for inspiratory flow. However, there was good agreement for inspiratory flow in DPIs. The AIM device can be used as an objective tool to assess and quantify specific inhalation technique steps for MDI and DPI users.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lei Shu, Wenhua Wang, Chon-iong Ng, Xuejuan Zhang, Ying Huang, Chuanbin Wu, Xin Pan, Zhengwei Huang
Summary: This study explores the industrialization potential of solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-based MDIs by utilizing SLNs as a model inhalable nanoparticle system. Three types of SLN-based MDIs with functions of stabilization, cellular uptake enhancement, and targetability were successfully fabricated. The results demonstrate the feasibility and stability of these SLN-based MDIs, providing a pilot study for the scale-up of SLN-based MDIs and contributing to the future development of inhalable nanoparticles.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yang Chen, Paul M. Young, Seamus Murphy, David F. Fletcher, Edward Long, David Lewis, Tanya Church, Daniela Traini
Article
Engineering, Chemical
B. Gavtash, H. K. Versteeg, G. Hargrave, B. Myatt, D. Lewis, T. Church, G. Brambilla
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
James W. Ivey, Pallavi Bhambri, Tanya K. Church, David A. Lewis, Reinhard Vehring
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stewart Yeung, Daniela Traini, Alan Tweedie, David Lewis, Tanya Church, Paul M. Young
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2018)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stewart Yeung, Daniela Traini, David Lewis, Paul M. Young
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Scott Tavernini, Tanya K. Church, David A. Lewis, Andrew R. Martin, Warren H. Finlay
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Stewart Yeung, Daniela Traini, Alan Tweedie, David Lewis, Tanya Church, Paul M. Young
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stewart Yeung, Daniela Traini, Alan Tweedie, David Lewis, Tanya Church, Paul M. Young
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daniel J. Duke, Harry N. Scott, Anesu J. Kusangaya, Alan L. Kastengren, Katarzyna Matusik, Paul Young, David Lewis, Damon Honnery
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Allen Haddrell, Grazia Rovelli, David Lewis, Tanya Church, Jonathan Reid
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Nicholas B. Carrigy, Lu Liang, Hui Wang, Samuel Kariuki, Tobi E. Nagel, Ian F. Connerton, Reinhard Vehring
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Respiratory System
Mellissa Gomez, Reinhard Vehring
Summary: Vaccines play a crucial role in reducing the burden of infectious diseases worldwide. The thermostability of vaccines can be improved through spray drying, which also allows for distribution in resource-poor settings and long-term stockpiling. Spray drying enables the production of engineered particles suitable for respiratory administration and enhances their robustness against high humidity. The research in this field demonstrates the availability of resources to develop highly stable vaccines in flexible dosage forms, offering numerous advantages for global vaccination campaigns.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
B. J. Myatt, H. K. Versteeg, G. K. Hargrave, E. J. Long, B. Gavtash, D. A. Lewis, T. Church, G. Brambilla
Summary: This article presents a study on the atomization mechanism of pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) using high-speed imaging and temperature measurements. The research reveals the flow structures and spray formation processes within the orifice of pMDI. It is found that the flow at the orifice exit is choked, indicating a significant flashing and evaporation of the propellant. The findings suggest a hybrid mechanism of aerodynamic atomization with liquid flashing, which contributes to the formation of respirable droplets. This understanding will contribute to the development of high-efficiency pMDIs.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
F. K. A. Gregson, M. Ordoubadi, R. E. H. Miles, A. E. Haddrell, D. Barona, D. Lewis, T. Church, R. Vehring, J. P. Reid
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
S. Tavernini, T. K. Church, D. A. Lewis, M. Noga, A. R. Martin, W. H. Finlay
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2018)