Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Marco Ce, Tim Harris, Ardit Krasniqi, Harvey B. Meyer, Csaba Toeroek
Summary: We investigate various aspects of chiral symmetry in QCD at T = 128 MeV using a 24 x 963 lattice-QCD ensemble with O(a)-improved Wilson quarks and physical up, down, and strange quark masses. The pion quasiparticle is found to be significantly lighter than the zero-temperature pion mass, despite having a shorter static correlation length. Our findings are quantitatively compared to predictions of chiral perturbation theory. Among several order parameters for chiral symmetry restoration, we compute the reduction of the difference between the vector- and axial-vector time-dependent correlators, which is found to be about two-thirds compared to its vacuum counterpart.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
V. G. Bornyakov, V. A. Goy, V. K. Mitrjushkin, R. N. Rogalyov
Summary: This study investigates the chromoelectric-chromomagnetic asymmetry of the A(2) gluon condensate and the infrared behavior of gluon propagators at T≈T-c in the Landau-gauge SU(3) lattice gauge theory. Significant correlations between the real part of the Polyakov loop, the asymmetry, and the longitudinal propagator are found, enabling the determination of critical behavior. Screening masses in different Polyakov-loop sectors are obtained, and the dependence of chromoelectric and chromomagnetic interactions on the choice of Polyakov-loop sector in the deconfinement phase is discussed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. K. Safeer, Mohamed-Ali Nsibi, Jayshankar Nath, Mihai Sebastian Gabor, Haozhe Yang, Isabelle Joumard, Stephane Auffret, Gilles Gaudin, Ioan-Mihai Miron
Summary: This study reveals the influence of chiral damping on the motion of domain walls and skyrmions, and shows the competing effects between chiral damping and Dzyaloshinskii Moriya Interaction. The critical role of chiral damping for the stabilization of moving skyrmions is also demonstrated.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Buividovich, D. Smith, L. von Smekal
Summary: The study of the chiral separation effect (CSE) in finite-density SU(2) lattice gauge theory with dynamical quarks shows that CSE is well described by the free quark result in the high-temperature quark-gluon plasma phase, but is gradually suppressed as one enters the confinement regime. The suppression can be approximately described by assuming that the CSE current is proportional to the charge density rather than the chemical potential.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Imara Lima Fernandes, Stefan Bluegel, Samir Lounis
Summary: This study demonstrates that chiral spin textures exhibit a magnetoresistance signature, allowing for efficient electric readout of the chirality and helicity. The linear relationship of this signature, in contrast to the quadratic dependence of conventional methods, is confirmed through simulations and experiments. This finding has important implications for exploring the rich physics of topological and chiral magnetic objects using electrical means.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yasar Y. Atas, Jinglei Zhang, Randy Lewis, Amin Jahanpour, Jan F. Haase, Christine A. Muschik
Summary: Researchers utilized quantum computing to simulate non-Abelian gauge theories, uncovering meson and baryon states and laying the groundwork for future quantum simulations.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
S. A. Osorio, V Laliena, J. Campo, S. Bustingorry
Summary: This study investigates the possibility of obtaining a metastable state with a single chiral soliton in monoaxial helimagnets by injecting spin polarized currents, and proposes a feasible protocol for experimental applications in technological study of metastable solitons.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Xiao Luo, Yoshinobu Kuramashi
Summary: In this study, we apply the tensor renormalization group method to the (1 + 1)-dimensional SU(2) principal chiral model at finite chemical potential. The Gauss-Legendre quadrature is used to discretize the SU(2) Lie group. The internal energy at vanishing chemical potential mu = 0 is consistent with the prediction of the strong and weak coupling expansions, indicating the effectiveness of the Gauss-Legendre quadrature for the partitioning of the SU(2) Lie group. In the finite density region with mu not equal 0, we observe the Silver-Blaze phenomenon for the number density.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Stepan Sidorov
Summary: These models construct SU(2|1), d = 1 supersymmetric models based on the coupling of dynamical and semi-dynamical (spin) multiplets, where the interaction term is defined on the generalized chiral superspace. The dynamical multiplet is defined as a chiral multiplet (2, 4, 2), while the semi-dynamical multiplet is associated with a multiplet (4, 4, 0) of the mirror type.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xuefeng Wu, Xu Li, Wenyu Kang, Xichao Zhang, Li Chen, Zhibai Zhong, Yan Zhou, Johan Akerman, Yaping Wu, Rong Zhang, Junyong Kang
Summary: Researchers have successfully constructed millimetre-scale meron lattices that are stable at room temperature and under zero magnetic field, which can be used as spin injectors in light-emitting diodes to provide 22.5% circularly polarized electroluminescence. These meron lattices are topological particle-like structures created in in-plane magnetized magnetic films. The lattices can transfer chirality from merons to electrons and then to photons, and it has been demonstrated that they can be used as spin injectors in nitride-based light-emitting diodes, producing circularly polarized electroluminescence at room temperature and under zero magnetic field.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Valery E. Lyubovitskij, Alexey S. Zhevlakov, Aliaksei Kachanovich, Serguei Kuleshov
Summary: We investigate the non-Abelian SU(2)D extension of the U(1)D Stueckelberg portal, which acts as a mediator between the Standard Model (SM) and the dark sector. This portal utilizes the Stueckelberg mechanism to generate masses for the dark gauge bosons. The proposed U(1)D circle times SU(2)D Stueckelberg portal has a connection to SM matter fields, similar to the familon model. We derive constraints on the couplings of dark portal bosons and SM particles, which control diagonal and nondiagonal flavor transitions of quarks and leptons.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Raju, A. P. Petrovic, A. Yagil, K. S. Denisov, N. K. Duong, B. Goebel, E. Sasioglu, O. M. Auslaender, I. Mertig, I. V. Rozhansky, C. Panagopoulos
Summary: The topological Hall effect in technologically-relevant thin films is significantly enhanced by chiral spin fluctuations at the interface between isolated and lattice skyrmions, as revealed by variable-temperature magnetotransport and real-space magnetic imaging in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt heterostructures. This power-law enhancement of the topological Hall resistivity highlights the dominant role of skyrmion stability and configuration in determining the magnitude of the effect.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Yuhma Asano, Jun Nishimura
Summary: This article investigates the dynamics of zero modes in gauge theory and reveals the instability between trivial vacuum and nontrivial vacuum in 4D SU(2) and SU(3) theories through Monte Carlo calculations of Wilson loops and Polyakov lines.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Arne Schobert, Jan Berges, Tim Wehling, Erik van Loon
Summary: Charge-density waves cause symmetry-breaking displacements of atoms and changes in electronic structure. Linear response theories offer a way to study these effects based on a single ab initio calculation. Downfolding approaches reduce the electronic system to a smaller number of bands, incorporating additional correlation and environmental effects, but the limitations of this approach are not always clear.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuwen Sun, Wei Qin, Leiqiang Li, Zhenyu Zhang
Summary: The study develops a tight-binding description for investigating the characteristics of chirality p-wave topological superconductivity in the Pb3Bi/Ge (111) system, demonstrating that the alloy system can be tuned into a chiral topological superconductor with nontrivial topology and Majorana edge modes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. N. Chernodub
Summary: Due to quantum effects, certain (semi-) conductors exhibit asymmetry in their mechanical and conducting properties with respect to opposite rotations. By using a cylinder made of a suitably chosen semiconductor coated in a metallic film and placed in a magnetic-field background, a rotational diode can be created, conducting electricity only at specific ranges of angular frequencies.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Victor E. Ambrus, M. N. Chernodub
Summary: We argue that the enhancement in the spin polarization of anti-hyperons compared to the polarization of the hyperons in noncentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions arises as a result of an interplay between the chiral and helical vortical effects. Assuming the spin vector dominance, we are able to describe the ratio of the (anti)hyperon spin polarizations obtained by the STAR group without fitting parameters.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Maxim N. Chernodub, Julien Garaud, Dmitri E. Kharzeev
Summary: Our paper explores the Chiral Magnetic Josephson junction (CMJ junction) composed of two non-centrosymmetric superconductors connected by a uniaxial ferromagnet. This structure shows an analog of the Chiral Magnetic Effect and has potential applications as a qubit with a tunable Hamiltonian. The CMJ junction offers a simpler and more robust architecture without the need for an offset magnetic flux, providing strong protection against noise from magnetization fluctuations.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V. V. Braguta, I. E. Kudrov, A. A. Roenko, D. A. Sychev, M. N. Chernodub
Summary: The effect of uniform rotation on the equation of state of gluodynamics in lattice simulation was studied. The system was considered in the corotating reference frame, where rotation was modeled as an external gravitational field. The free energy of the system, for sufficiently slow rotation, was expanded as a power series in the angular velocity. The moment of inertia, calculated as the second-order coefficient of this expansion, was found to be negatively dependent on temperature up to T * ≈ 1.5T(c), the critical temperature of the confinement/deconfinement phase transition. The negative moment of inertia was attributed to the thermodynamic instability of the gluon plasma with respect to uniform rotation.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. N. Chernodub, V. A. Goy, A. V. Molochkov
Summary: Using lattice simulations, we show that a strong magnetic field induces two consecutive crossover transitions in the electroweak sector of the vacuum, resulting in significant changes in the dynamics of the W bosons and Higgs particles. The first transition leads to the formation of inhomogeneous structures, indicating the presence of W and Z condensates pierced by vortices. These condensates give rise to exotic superconducting and superfluid properties. The second transition restores the electroweak symmetry. Such conditions can be found near magnetized black holes.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, V. A. Goy, A. Molochkov
Summary: We present the results of numerical simulations on rotating Euclidean SU(3) Yang-Mills plasma and find the emergence of a spatially inhomogeneous confining-deconfining phase. Mapping the results to Minkowski spacetime suggests the existence of a new inhomogeneous phase with both confining and deconfinement phases. The inhomogeneous phase structure originates from the Tolman-Ehrenfest effect in a rotating medium. We also derive the Euclidean version of the Tolman-Ehrenfest law and discuss two temperature definitions in imaginary Euclidean rotation.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Victor E. Ambrus, M. N. Chernodub
Summary: The helicity of free massless Dirac fermions is a conserved quantity in the classical equations of motion. The flow of helicity can be modeled by the helicity current, induced by vorticity in a medium with charge imbalance. This leads to new non-dissipative transport phenomena and the appearance of a new hydrodynamic excitation, the helical vortical wave.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, V. A. Goy, A. Molochkov, A. S. Tanashkin
Summary: This study investigates the confining phase and the deconfining transition in compact U(1) gauge theory using numerical simulations. The presence of ideally conducting parallel metallic boundaries is found to induce the deconfining transition as the interplane distance decreases.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Maxim N. Chernodub, Peter Millington
Summary: This study proposes a method to evaluate the group of similarity transformations that act on a space of non-Hermitian scalar theories. The introduction of a similarity gauge field leads to new effects, including instability in high-energy scalar particles, which are determined by the strength of the emergent similarity gauge field.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, Alberto Cortijo, Marco Ruggieri
Summary: The study reveals the emergence of a non-Hermitian PT-symmetric ground state in the standard Hermitian Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, characterized by a noncompact non-Hermitian symmetry group that can be spontaneously broken under different coupling regimes. The ground state exhibits inhomogeneity at strong coupling while maintaining spatial uniformity at weak coupling, lying between the PT-symmetric and PT-broken phases. Outside the chiral limit, the minimal NJL model does not have a stable non-Hermitian ground state.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. M. Begun, M. N. Chernodub, A. Molochkov
Summary: In this study, the phase diagram and properties of global vortices in the non-Hermitian parity-timesymmetric relativistic model with two interacting scalar complex fields were discussed. The model exhibits stable PT-symmetric regions, unstable PT-broken regions, and rich patterns in the parameter space, intertwining with U(1)-symmetric and U(1)-broken phases. The non-Hermitian two-component model displays much richer dynamics than its Hermitian counterpart, particularly in the context of vortex solutions and mutual dissipative dynamics of different condensates.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, Victor E. Ambrus
Summary: The helicity chemical potential is thermodynamically relevant in theories with mass gap generation. The presence of helical density affects the phase diagram of dense quark matter. With increasing helical density, the chiral transition changes from a first-order transition to a soft crossover.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub
Summary: In this paper, the effects of rotation on the confining properties of gauge theories, with a focus on compact electrodynamics in two spatial dimensions, are discussed. It is shown that rotation leads to a deconfining transition at a certain distance from the rotation axis, creating a mixed inhomogeneous phase in a uniformly rotating confining system. This has implications for the phase diagram of QCD, suggesting an inverse hadronization effect for uniformly rotating quark-gluon plasma.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, Eda Kilincarslan
Summary: In this study, a kinetic theory of massless fermions was modified to include the effects of the conformal anomaly by introducing a momentum-dependent electric coupling. The interplay between the axial and conformal anomalies generates an axial current related to the helicity flow of the electromagnetic background. The corresponding conductivity is determined by the running of the electric coupling between the tip of the Dirac cone and the Fermi surface.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. L. Boyda, M. N. Chernodub, N. Gerasimeniuk, V. A. Goy, S. D. Liubimov, A. Molochkov
Summary: The study demonstrates that machine learning techniques can be used to build gauge-invariant functions, find correlations, and establish order parameters for phase transitions in lattice gauge theories.
