Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ilias Kyriopoulos, Sotiris Vandoros, Ichiro Kawachi
Summary: Black Americans are killed at higher rates by police, which may lead to an increase in suicide rates. The results of this study highlight the urgency of reducing police killings.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Political Science
Sabine C. Carey, Anita R. Gohdes
Summary: The study suggests that journalists are mainly killed by local state authorities in democracies, especially in areas where local governments are elected. New data indicates that there is inherent risk for less visible journalists in local-level elections, and effective monitoring and protection are necessary for their safety.
JOURNAL OF POLITICS
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sarah M. AlQahtani, Danah S. Almutairi, Eman A. BinAqeel, Reema A. Almutairi, Reem D. Al-Qahtani, Ritesh G. Menezes
Summary: Honor killing is a violent crime committed to restore family honor, with numerous socio-cultural factors driving its prevalence in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Perpetrators of honor killing share similar characteristics, such as valuing female chastity and justifying violence against women. The impact on family members is often underestimated due to a culture of silence and under-reporting of crimes in this region. Penal code reforms, human rights campaigns, improved education, and civil society involvement are crucial in addressing this social evil.
Article
Ethnic Studies
Stephanie A. Bohon, Ruben A. Ortiz
Summary: This study finds that in U.S. metropolitan areas, the expected count of police-caused killings for Blacks, Latinx, and American Indians is predicted by the size of their respective populations relative to Whites, indicating a possible link between racial proportions and police-related deaths. Additionally, mixed-race neighborhoods are more prone to experiencing police-caused killings, and the overall population size correlates with the expected number of deaths by police, challenging the assumption that crime rates determine police-related deaths.
SOCIOLOGY OF RACE AND ETHNICITY
(2021)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Paul J. Hirschfield
Summary: Police in the United States have a high reliance on deadly force compared to other developed nations. However, other countries in the Americas also have high or similar levels of fatal police violence (FPV). Cross-national comparative analyses have found that elevated rates of gun violence and ethnoracial inequality are two key factors that contribute to high-FPV. The decentralized structure of policing in the United States limits external oversight, expertise, and resources for effective training and accountability, which further exacerbates FPV. However, some Latin American countries with centralized policing also exhibit high FPV, while low FPV in Spain and Chile suggest that it is possible to achieve low FPV without extensive resources and training.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CRIMINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
International Relations
Boaz Ganor
Summary: The use of targeted killings as a counterterrorism strategy involves a well-calculated decision-making process. It is crucial to consider both the ethical and operational questions to determine its worthiness. Additionally, assessing the effectiveness and costs of targeted killing activities is important for a comprehensive evaluation.
TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Abhery Das, Parvati Singh, Anju K. Kulkarni, Tim A. Bruckner
Summary: The study found a significant 11% increase in depression-related Emergency Department visits among African Americans following police killings of unarmed African Americans. Researchers and policymakers are advised to focus on reducing racial bias in policing and monitoring fatal police encounters to improve mental health outcomes among African Americans.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Sadia Huda, Anila Kamal
Summary: The study found no significant gender differences in attitudes towards honor killing, but differences were found based on living environment, age, and family structure.
JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
(2022)
Article
International Relations
Susan H. Allen, Sam R. Bell, Carla Martinez Machain
Summary: This study examines the impact of air strikes on civilian casualties, suggesting that it is influenced by the presence of non-governmental civil society actors. Results indicate that in countries where human rights organizations are active, the civilian deaths caused by air strikes may be reduced.
FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Julie S. Viollaz, Sara T. Thompson, Gohar A. Petrossian
Summary: This study investigates the reasons behind retaliatory leopard killings in South Africa by interviewing community members in a small village. Main problems fueling these killings include slow and ineffective government response, inadequate resources, and lack of laws and trust among stakeholders. Local stakeholders proposed innovative strategies to reduce human-leopard conflict and retaliatory killings, while exploring the potential of criminological techniques to mitigate the issue.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Laura R. de Korte, Edward R. Kleemans
Summary: This article contributes to the existing knowledge by analyzing several contract killings investigations in the Netherlands. It reveals the characteristics and processes of contract killings, including the requirements for vehicles, automatic weapons, and technical equipment, as well as the significant roles of spy shops and hired hitmen in these crimes.
TRENDS IN ORGANIZED CRIME
(2022)
Article
Ethics
Tobias Flattery
Summary: The debate on whether acts of violence in virtual environments are morally wrong even when no other persons are affected is ongoing. Traditionally, it is believed that according to Kant's moral theory, virtual acts of violence are only morally wrong if they mistreat another person. However, some argue that certain acts of virtual violence can be morally wrong even if they do not impact anyone else.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Political Science
Kevin T. Morris, Kelsey Shoub
Summary: Recently, the political consequences of police killings in the United States have been observed. This study investigates how such killings can (de)mobilize voters at the local level. By utilizing various theoretical approaches, a theory of community contact with the police is developed. It is argued that highly visible events tied to government actions, such as police killings, can encourage voter turnout, particularly when public narratives link these events to government and structural causes. Through a comparison of neighborhoods near a killing before and after election day, the causal effect on voter turnout is estimated, revealing a mobilizing effect. This effect is amplified when the event trends on Google, occurs in Black communities, or involves a Black victim. Additionally, proximity to a killing also increases support for abolishing the police. The study concludes that police violence heightens electoral participation in communities where narratives about racially unjust policing are most resonant.
AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Gideon Lasco, Vincen Gregory Yu
Summary: This paper discusses the exceptional treatment of shabu (crystal methamphetamine) in political and popular discourse in the Philippines, which has led to a permissive environment for draconian measures against individuals associated with the drug. The belief in 'methamphetamine exceptionalism' justifies deadly actions against drug users and has implications for drug policy in the region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ling Shen, Kangsheng Liao, Enzhuo Yang, Fen Yang, Wensen Lin, Jiajun Wang, Shuhao Fan, Xueqin Huang, Lingming Chen, Hongbo Shen, Hua Jin, Yongdui Ruan, Xing Liu, Gucheng Zeng, Jun-Fa Xu, Jiang Pi
Summary: This study developed a macrophage-targeted nanodecoy to enhance the innate immune response and drug killing against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The nanodecoy demonstrated high drug uptake, specific targeting, and drug release capabilities. It also polarized infected cells and induced immune responses, resulting in improved killing efficacy.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)