Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
S. Faye Williamson, Michael J. Grayling, Adrian P. Mander, Nurulamin M. Noor, Joshua S. Savage, Christina Yap, James M. S. Wason
Summary: This study investigated the methods of subgroup analyses using continuous variables in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The results showed that the majority of studies dichotomized the continuous variables and treated the subgroups as categorical variables, potentially resulting in a loss of substantial statistical information.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Megha L. Mehrotra, Daniel Westreich, M. Maria Glymour, Elvin Geng, David Glidden
Summary: The process of transporting subgroup analyses from highly selected study populations to external target populations can provide target-specific subgroup effect estimates and numbers needed to treat, ultimately leading to more tailored and accurate guidance for resource allocation and cost-effectiveness analyses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Muhammad Arbaz Arshad Khan, Simra Irfan, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Stephen J. Greene, Stefan D. Anker, Jayakumar Sreenivasan, Tim Friede, Ayman Samman Tahhan, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Gregg C. Fonarow, Javed Butler
Summary: Even HF RCTs with strong subgroup claims rarely met appropriate credibility criteria. Subgroup analyses should be pre-specified, adequately powered, present interaction terms, and be replicated in independent data before being used in clinical decision-making.
Article
Oncology
Anup K. Amatya, Mallorie H. Fiero, Erik W. Bloomquist, Arup K. Sinha, Steven J. Lemery, Harpreet Singh, Amna Ibrahim, Martha Donoghue, Lola A. Fashoyin-Aje, R. Angelo de Claro, Nicole J. Gormley, Laleh Amiri-Kordestani, Rajeshwari Sridhara, Marc R. Theoret, Paul G. Kluetz, Richard Pazdur, Julia A. Beaver, Shenghui Tang
Summary: Subgroup analyses in oncology trials are crucial for interpreting treatment effects based on patient characteristics, but using these results for regulatory decisions and product labeling can be challenging. The decision on which subgroups to include in labeling relies on the disease's pathophysiology, mechanistic justification, safety data, and external information.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Luigi Guida, Eriberto Bressan, Gennaro Cecoro, Armando Davide Volpe, Massimo Del Fabbro, Marco Annunziata
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that short implants perform as well as longer implants in edentulous sites without the need for bone augmentation. The survival rate of short implants is similar to that of longer implants, but longer implants experience more bone loss at 1 and 5 years, while short implants have more technical complications at 10 years.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dan-Tong Gu, Tao-Hsin Tung, Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke, Ching-Wen Chien, Wen-Yi Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety of cinnamon. Through the analysis of relevant literature, it was found that cinnamon has minimal adverse effects and can have positive effects on health. However, further research is needed to explore its risks and protective factors.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ya Gao, Ming Liu, Shuzhen Shi, Mingming Niu, Jiang Li, Junhua Zhang, Fujian Song, Jinhui Tian
Summary: The study found that many cancer IPDMAs did not prespecify subgroup analyses, nor did they fully perform planned subgroup analyses. Lack of details for the test of treatment-subgroup interactions and examination of non-linear interactions was suboptimal.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Davaasambuu Enkhmaa, Erdenebileg Nasantogtokh, Surenmaa Sukhbaatar, Khash-Erdene Tumur-Ochir, J. E. Manson
Summary: Current evidence from RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs is inconsistent regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on respiratory infections and chronic diseases. Individuals most likely to benefit are those with baseline VDD or with selected high-risk conditions.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Chanthawat Patikorn, Pantakarn Saidoung, Tuan Pham, Pochamana Phisalprapa, Yeong Yeh Lee, Krista A. A. Varady, Sajesh K. K. Veettil, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
Summary: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown the benefits of ketogenic diets (KD) in various populations, but there is a lack of synthesis on the strength and quality of evidence.
Review
Immunology
Yapeng Li, Tingting Zhang, Jiahui Sun, Nanyang Liu
Summary: This study conducted an umbrella review to summarize the evidence of the association between fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and health outcomes. The findings suggest potential benefits of FMT for antibiotic resistance burden, functional constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, and C. difficile infection. However, caution should be exercised in choosing this approach due to the insufficient number of primary studies, low methodological quality, and low quality of evidence.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rui Zhang, Qin-chuan Hou, Bing-hong Li, Ling Deng, Yu-mei Yang, Ting-xin Li, Xiao-qin Yao, Liang-liang Yang, Xi-long Lin, Yi-qian Liao, Lin Wang, Yu-ping Liu, Jing Tan, Zheng-wei Wan, Ping Shuai
Summary: This study aims to explore the different therapeutic effect of semaglutide on weight control under the diverse administration circumstances. The results showed that semaglutide was associated with significant reduction on weight loss related outcomes, and its treatment should be coupled with lifestyle interventions, targeting a dose of 2.0 mg or more subcutaneously once weekly. Clinicians can choose suitable treatment schemes based on diverse individual situations.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Chanthawat Patikorn, Kiera Roubal, Sajesh K. Veettil, Viji Chandran, Tuan Pham, Yeong Yeh Lee, Edward L. Giovannucci, Krista A. Varady, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
Summary: This study reviewed the evidence from multiple meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials on the associations of intermittent fasting with obesity-related health outcomes. The findings showed beneficial effects of intermittent fasting on anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes, supported by moderate to high quality evidence.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Tuomas P. Kilpelainen, Kari A. O. Tikkinen, Gordon H. Guyatt, Robin W. M. Vernooij
Summary: In randomized controlled trials, investigators should carefully assess the credibility of subgroup effects to avoid inappropriately claiming them. Subgroup analyses should be based on criteria such as a priori hypotheses, support from prior evidence, low likelihood of chance explanations, and testing only a small number of subgroup hypotheses.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Siyun Yang, Fan Li, Laine E. Thomas, Fan Li
Summary: Propensity score weighting methodology is developed to improve precision and power of subgroup analyses in randomized clinical trials. Simulation results show that adjusted estimators have smaller standard errors than unadjusted estimators, and weighting estimators with full-interaction propensity model consistently outperform standard main-effect propensity model.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Liye Zou, Tao Xiao, Chao Cao, Lee Smith, Kellie Imm, Igor Grabovac, Thomas Waldhoer, Yin Zhang, Albert Yeung, Jacopo Demurtas, Nicola Veronese, Ulf Ekelund, Yikyung Park, Lin Yang
Summary: An umbrella review evaluated the evidence of Tai Chi as a mind-body exercise for chronic illness management, finding that moderate evidence supports its effectiveness in improving physical functions and disease-specific outcomes in patients with diverse chronic illnesses compared to nonactive or active controls.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
