Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Rita Strack
Summary: The ChromExM technique allows for detailed visualization of chromatin organization and gene expression machinery in embryos.
Editorial Material
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jianwei Miao, Margaret M. Murnane
Summary: Lorentz electron ptychography, a coherent diffractive imaging method, reveals magnetization singularities in a skyrmion lattice in FeGe and captures subtle internal structures near the skyrmion cores, boundaries, and dislocations.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Vikrant P. Katekar, Sandip S. Deshmukh
Summary: The study finds that solar stills with trays and internal mirrors are the most economical design for passive solar stills, and solar stills with Fresnel lens are the most productive. In terms of active solar stills, double-slope, single-basin still with flat plate collector is the most economical design, while single-slope, single-basin still connected with two solar-dishes is the most productive design. Low concentrating photovoltaic-thermal solar still is identified as the most economical design for hybrid and miscellaneous solar stills, while spherical solar still with parabolic reflector is the most productive design. These identified designs can further be investigated for their commercialization to achieve faster penetration of solar still technology in society.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jean-Pierre Despres
Summary: The existence of healthy obesity is controversial, but there may be a phenotype known as 'super healthy obesity' characterized by low levels of visceral and ectopic adipose tissue, combined with preferential accumulation of gluteal and femoral adipose tissue.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Lagerqvist Alidoost, Marei Hacke, Thea Winther, Tom Sandstroem
Summary: The state of preservation of the Azzolino collection at the Swedish National Archives, which contains historically significant documents, has been investigated. The focus was on the analysis of iron gall inks and their corrosion levels. XRF spectrometry was used to characterize the writing ink and determine if the composition could be linked to authorship or geography. The results showed that elemental analysis was not effective in predicting ink deterioration, but XRF-mapping could be used to differentiate authors and provide valuable information on attribution and historical context.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Diego Velazquez, Pau Rodriguez, Josep M. Gonfaus, F. Xavier Roca, Jordi Gonzalez
Summary: Supervised training of neural networks requires a large amount of annotated data but is sensitive to out-of-distribution data. Self- and semi-supervised training can reduce the amount of labeled data required but out-of-distribution generalization remains a challenge. Embedding propagation, a method that promotes smoother decision boundaries, has shown improvements in out-of-distribution performance.
JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Barbu, Mihaela-Roxana Popescu, Andreea-Catarina Popescu, Serban-Mihai Balanescu
Summary: There is still controversy surrounding the precise characterization of prediabetes, with the need to phenotype the population for better risk assessment and prevention. Inflammation is a common denominator in prediabetes and its associated risk factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Aurelien Barrau, Leonard Ferdinand, Killian Martineau, Cyril Renevey
Summary: Recent studies have intensively explored the possibility of Planck-mass black holes tunneling into metastable white holes after evaporation, which are considered as a candidate for dark matter. The model is severely constrained, with potential detection paths highlighted. Furthermore, the distortion of the initial black hole mass spectrum by bouncing effects and Hawking evaporation is investigated in a more general setting.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Haleh Barmaki, Alireza Nourazarian, Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
Summary: This review examines the impact of impaired autophagy on the progression of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Autophagy plays a crucial role in removing abnormal proteins and damaged organelles, but it weakens with aging and disease progression, leading to the accumulation of toxic proteins and neurodegeneration. There are therapeutic strategies to revitalize autophagy, but they face challenges in clinical practice.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Veterinary Sciences
Ana Marta Capaz, Nicolas Renier
Summary: Unlocking the secrets of the brain requires precise tools to capture neuronal activity. Neuroscientists now have unprecedented tools to record activity with speed, precision, and fidelity. A new sensor, created through redesigning the linker peptide of GCaMP proteins, bridges the gap between calcium imaging and electrophysiology.
Review
Plant Sciences
Gina Garland, Samiran Banerjee, Anna Edlinger, Emily Miranda Oliveira, Chantal Herzog, Raphael Wittwer, Laurent Philippot, Fernando T. Maestre, Marcel G. A. van Der Heijden
Summary: In recent years, studies on ecosystem multifunctionality have increased, but there is still a lack of consistency in determining and measuring appropriate functions. Views on ecosystem functions vary depending on the field of ecology.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Brian T. O'Callahan, Patrick Z. El-Khoury
Summary: Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for high-resolution chemical imaging. It can track plasmon-induced/enhanced chemical reactions and provide accurate spectral assignments.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andres Anabalon, Sasha Brenner, Gaston Giribet, Luciano Montecchio
Summary: The study examines accelerated black hole horizons with and without defects, showing that these geometries exhibit an infinite set of symmetries in their near horizon region and deriving the associated conserved charges through transformations. It also considers other physical scenarios, including accelerated black holes in anti-de Sitter and binary black hole systems.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Evangelia Ntormousi, Fabio Del Sordo, Matteo Cantiello, Andrea Ferrara
Summary: This study investigates the impact of supernova explosions on galactic magnetization by examining the maximum magnetic energy that can be injected into the interstellar medium by a stellar cluster. The results indicate that pure advection of stellar magnetic fields by supernovae can serve as a good candidate for seeding a dynamo, but is insufficient to magnetize galaxies. Other mechanisms for galactic magnetization at high redshifts need to be explored.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ganesh Shenoy, James R. Connor
Summary: Iron plays an important role in human physiology but its role in the progression of glioblastoma (GBM) is not well understood. This review summarizes the existing literature on iron's role in GBM progression and patient outcomes, and investigates its effects on major cell types within the GBM microenvironment at the molecular and cellular level. Iron represents a potential target for improving patient outcomes in GBM through iron-modulating approaches using already approved iron supplements and chelators.