News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mitch Leslie
Summary: This article introduces a major effort by an agency to explore the importance of accumulating mutations in somatic cells.
Review
Plant Sciences
Maggie R. Wagner
Summary: Recent studies have emphasized the relevance of the 'genotype-to-phenotype map' concept in understanding plant microbiome heritability. Host phenotype, rather than genotype, plays a significant role in microbiome variation, leading to varying heritability across different plant anatomies and developmental stages. The balance between deterministic processes (including host genetic effects) and stochastic processes also changes over time and space, indicating the need to re-center plant phenotype for new insights into microbiome heritability.
Article
Microbiology
Jinlan Wang, Jianqing Feng, Yongbao Zhu, Dandan Li, Jianing Wang, Weiwei Chi
Summary: The oral microbiome plays an important role in human health. This study analyzed human oral saliva samples and found that the diversity of the saliva microbiome is low. Human oral habitats have a common core bacterial community that has the greatest impact on saliva habitats. The populations of the saliva microbiome differ significantly in different regions and may be influenced by living environment and lifestyle/dietary habits. The saliva microbiome shows high similarity with the microbiomes of Aerosol and Surface, suggesting that contact and shared environment are driving factors of microbial transmission.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruth Ley
Summary: The survey of humanity's 'second genome' is crucial and needs to be more comprehensive.
Article
Ophthalmology
Yannis Rigas, Benjamin R. Treat, Jackie Shane, Robert M. Q. Shanks, Anthony J. St Leger
Summary: The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of eye-colonizing bacteria. Through genetic modification and enzymatic assays, a highly fluorescent mutant and a urea hydrolysis knockout mutant were identified. The results suggest that urea hydrolysis is not required for colonization. This study will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between the ocular microbiome and host immunity.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jutta Ludwig-Mueller
Summary: Clubroot is a highly significant disease worldwide, and recent studies have focused on understanding its molecular mechanisms and finding potential cures. This review analyzes -omics data and studies on the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae and various host plants, summarizing the findings and highlighting the importance of understanding the disease's life cycle and functional characterization of effector candidates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Peter Kusstatscher, Eveline Adam, Wisnu Adi Wicaksono, Maria Bernhart, Expedito Olimi, Henry Mueller, Gabriele Berg
Summary: This study explores the impact of long-term plant breeding on plant-associated microbiota and highlights the importance of microbiome in breeding processes. By analyzing the microbiome of Styrian oil pumpkins, it was found that there are significant differences in microbial composition and diversity between seeds and rhizosphere, with more substantial changes observed in seed microbiomes between genotypes. Additionally, potential plant-beneficial bacterial taxa were enriched in progeny seeds, indicating microbiome-driven breeding for plant-beneficial microbes.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shanlin Ke, Nira R. Pollock, Xu-Wen Wang, Xinhua Chen, Kaitlyn Daugherty, Qianyun Lin, Hua Xu, Kevin W. Garey, Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Ciaran P. Kelly, Yang-Yu Liu
Summary: The study highlights the sensitivity of interactions between gut microbiota and host immune markers to the status of C. difficile colonization and infection. Utilizing both types of data can improve the distinction between CDI and other groups. Symbolic classification using selected features resulted in simple mathematical formulas that explicitly quantify the interactions between the gut microbiome and host immune markers.
Article
Economics
Hui Li, Ruining Zhang, Xianneng Ai
Summary: The coal-to-gas project in China plays a significant role in improving the environment and optimizing the energy structure, but it imposes a burden on low-income households and government finances due to its high cost. To improve subsidy efficiency, adjustments should be made based on the residents' burden in different cities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manuel Ochoa-Sanchez, Eliana Paola Acuna Gomez, Lia Ramirez-Fenandez, Luis E. Eguiarte, Valeria Souza
Summary: Host-microbe interactions play a crucial role in host biology, ecology, and evolution. However, research on marine hosts and their associated microbes in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly in developing countries, is limited. This review explores the current knowledge of marine host microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere, highlighting biases towards certain species such as sponges and marine mammals. The results reveal variations in sponge-associated microbes across regions and species, while geography and aging are important factors driving marine mammal microbiomes. Additional research is needed on seabirds, macroalgae, invertebrates, and fish microbiomes. The predominant approach to studying these microbiomes has been the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Holobiont studies, which analyze both host and microbial traits, have been conducted on African and Australian marine invertebrates and macroalgae. The review concludes by introducing an ongoing project on the surface microbiome of key species in the Strait of Magellan, which aims to provide novel insights into microbial diversity and host-microbial responses to climate change.
Review
Ecology
Apurva Mishra, Lal Singh, Dharmesh Singh
Summary: Soil is a crucial asset for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services, but the recognition of soil microbiome’s role in managing soil functions is limited. Understanding the components and functions of soil microbiome is essential for supporting ecosystem services. Recent advancements in molecular microbial ecology provide powerful tools for studying soil biodiversity. This review critically evaluates the research on soil microbiome, focusing on interactions, functional capabilities, and ecological attributes. Key research directions with implications for basic and applied research into the soil microbiome are highlighted.
Article
Immunology
Mohamed Helmy, Kumar Selvarajoo
Summary: The majority of human genome consists of non-coding genes, with about half made up of transposable elements, including endogenous retroviruses. While generally harmless, endogenous retroviruses have been linked to inflammatory diseases and cancer, posing a challenge in elucidating the mechanistic understanding between them.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Lisa A. Marsch
Summary: The advancements in digital technologies and data analytics have provided unprecedented opportunities for assessing and modifying health behavior, contributing to a better understanding of human behavior and psychiatric disorders. Digital health data can reveal digital markers of health/risk behavior, inform personalized intervention models, and enhance diagnostic classification of clinically problematic behavior. The use of digitally derived empirical data is crucial for informing health behavior assessments and interventions.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wisnu Adi Wicaksono, Tamara Reisenhofer-Graber, Sabine Erschen, Peter Kusstatscher, Christian Berg, Robert Krause, Tomislav Cernava, Gabriele Berg
Summary: The microbiota of indoor plants can inhibit human-pathogenic bacteria, providing a potential defense mechanism in built environments.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Stephanie A. Scott, Nancy Van Eyk, Kevin Eva
Summary: The study found that residents performed better during their third sequential month of being assessed in surgery, compared to months following a period of being away from the operating room for at least 2 months. Time away from surgical practice and assessment may negatively impact short-term performance, but could potentially improve long-term learning trajectories.