Article
Cell Biology
Armin Sadeghi, Safa Tahmasebi, Arshad Mahmood, Maria Kuznetsova, Hamed Valizadeh, Ali Taghizadieh, Masoud Nazemiyeh, Leili Aghebati-Maleki, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Sanaz Abbaspour-Aghdam, Leila Roshangar, Haleh Mikaeili, Majid Ahmadi
Summary: In COVID-19 patients, an increase in Th17 cells and decrease in Treg cells are associated with hyperinflammation and disease progression, with a higher inflammatory ratio observed in deceased patients compared to those who improved, indicating the critical role of inflammation in patient mortality.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rony Thomas, Sai Qiao, Xi Yang
Summary: This review explores the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) in lung inflammatory diseases. Th17 cells promote inflammation, while Tregs are crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chenxue Mei, Xiao Wang, Fanxiang Meng, Xiaoqing Zhang, Ling Chen, Siqi Yan, Junxiu Xue, Xun Sun, Yuanyuan Wang
Summary: Aucuboside, extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, possesses therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing the generation of Th17 cells and IL-17 expression, as well as partially reversing the decrease in Treg cell proportion. This previously unrecognized immunoregulatory function of aucuboside may have potential clinical applications in treating IBD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Starshinova, Igor Kudryavtsev, Artem Rubinstein, Anna Malkova, Irina Dovgaluk, Dmitry Kudlay
Summary: COVID-19 infection affects the detection and immune response of tuberculosis (Tbc), and it is important to understand the immune response alterations in latent tuberculosis infection and in tuberculosis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings suggest that COVID-19 may lead to disturbed immune responses and increase the risk of developing severe tuberculosis.
Review
Immunology
Dan-Lei Huang, Yi-Ran He, Yu-Jing Liu, Hong-Yu He, Zhun-Yong Gu, Yi-Mei Liu, Wen-Jun Liu, Zhe Luo, Min-Jie Ju
Summary: Kidney transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage chronic kidney disease, but complications induced by the immune system can occur. Controlling Th17 levels, improving Treg function and level, and adjusting Th17/Treg ratio may help improve allograft survival and prognosis. Acute or chronic allograft dysfunction is related to Th17, Treg, and the balance between them. Elevated Th17 levels can lead to rejection or dysfunction, while Treg plays a protective role by regulating the immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Juliana Dias Lourenco, Juliana Tiyaki Ito, Milton de Arruda Martins, Iolanda de Fatima Lopes Calvo Tiberio, Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos Lopes
Summary: The imbalance between pro-inflammatory Th17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells plays a crucial role in the development and progression of inflammation in COPD. Studies evaluating treatments targeting Th17/Treg cells have shown conflicting results, which vary based on lung compartments, COPD stages, or local and systemic markers. Careful examination of the data is necessary.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xin Zhang, Xiuting Liu, Wei Zhou, Qianming Du, Mengdi Yang, Yang Ding, Rong Hu
Summary: This study identified the role of kynurenine (Kyn) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in regulating tumor-infiltrating T cells and adaptive immunity in colorectal cancer (CRC). Inhibition of IDO diminished Kyn/AhR-mediated regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation, providing a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related colon cancer.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dao X. Nguyen, Helen M. Baldwin, Amara N. Ezeonyeji, Mohammed Rohan Butt, Michael R. Ehrenstein
Summary: The study revealed that patients with PsA have an increased Th17:Treg ratio, which can be reversed by anti-TNF therapy. Treg from patients treated with different therapies showed contrasting effects on regulating effector T-cell migration, with TNF blockade boosting Treg suppression of migration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chaman Saini, Leena Sapra, Asha Bhardwaj, Mohd Tarique, Alpana Sharma, Neena Khanna, V Ramesh, Poonam Puri, Rupesh K. Srivastava
Summary: This study found that IL-21 cytokine expression is significantly increased in patients with leprosy T1R, and IL-21 promotes the occurrence of inflammation by regulating the balance of Th17 and Treg cell populations.
Article
Immunology
Weijie Wang, Xinchang Wang, Shuhao Lu, Huiqing Lv, Ting Zhao, Guanqun Xie, Yu Du, Yongsheng Fan, Li Xu
Summary: The study explored the role of metabolic disturbance in immunoregulation of gingivitis targeting Th17/Treg cells. Results showed an imbalance in Th17/Treg cells in gingivitis patients, with increased expression of IL-17 and IL-17A. Additionally, higher levels of TGF-β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and SIgA were observed in the gingivitis group.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miner Yuan, Xiaobing Qian, Yanqiao Huang, Xinqi Ma, Fang Duan, Yao Yang, Bingsheng Lou, Xiaofeng Lin
Summary: Th17 activation and Th17/Treg imbalance contribute to prolonged anterior intraocular inflammation after OAB.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiaotong Zhu, Peng Wang, Xiaoxia Zhan, Yuping Zhang, Junli Sheng, Shitong He, Yitian Chen, Dingnai Nie, Xiaolong You, Haiyan Mai, Qinghong Yu, Laisheng Li, Ligang Jie, Shengfeng Hu
Summary: This study identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1) as a critical regulator of CD4(+) T-cell differentiation, promoting Th17-cell differentiation and attenuating Treg-cell differentiation, thereby promoting the development of inflammatory diseases. The specific inhibitor ML323 was found to inhibit Th17-cell differentiation and promote Treg-cell differentiation, suggesting its potential as a candidate for the treatment of diseases associated with an imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhen Chen, Miaomiao Wang, Shikun Yang, Jian Shi, Tianhao Ji, Wei Ding, Lianghua Jiang, Zhiwen Fan, Jing Chen, Yunjie Lu
Summary: The research findings indicate that butyric acid has protective effects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and inducing Treg cell differentiation through the modulation of the HO-1/STAT3 signaling pathway. This mechanism ultimately reduces renal IRI.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiao Zhou, Jingyi Yao, Jin Lin, Jingfeng Liu, Lei Dong, Meili Duan
Summary: A prospective observational study was conducted to analyze the predictive value of the Th17/Treg ratio for renal injury in sepsis patients. The study found that the Th17/Treg ratio was associated with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and could be a potential predictive marker for this condition.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Manon Nayrac, Mary Requena, Claire Loiseau, Michelle Cazabat, Bertrand Suc, Nicolas Carrere, Karl Barange, Laurent Alric, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Jacques Izopet, Pierre Delobel
Summary: In individuals infected with HIV-1 and receiving antiretroviral therapy, gut Th22 cells are better restored compared to Th17 cells, potentially due to their mechanism of reducing CCL20 production in enterocytes through IL-22 and IL-18. When the ratio of CCL20/CCL28 decreases, Th22 cells can migrate via the CCR10-CCL28 axis as an alternative pathway.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
F. Leblhuber, S. Geisler, D. Ehrlich, K. Steiner, G. Reibnegger, Dietmar Fuchs, K. Kurz
Summary: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective in treating resistant depression, showing improvements in symptoms and influencing neurotransmitter precursor amino acid concentrations and immune regulation. This alternative therapy offers promise for patients who do not respond to standard antidepressive treatments.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Constance Delaby, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Kaj Blennow, Daniel Alcolea, Ivan Arisi, Elodie Bouaziz Amar, Anne Beaume, Aurelie Bedel, Giovanni Bellomo, Edith Bigot-Corbel, Maria Bjerke, Marie-Celine Blanc-Quintin, Merce Boada, Olivier Bousiges, Miles D. Chapman, Mari L. DeMarco, Mara D'Onofrio, Julien Dumurgier, Diane Dufour-Rainfray, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Hermann Esselmann, Anne Fogli, Audrey Gabelle, Elisabetta Galloni, Clementine Gondolf, Frederique Grandhomme, Oriol Grau-Rivera, Melanie Hart, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Andreas Jeromin, Kensaku Kasuga, Ashvini Keshavan, Michael Khalil, Peter Koertvelyessy, Agnieszka Kulczynska-Przybik, Jean-Louis Laplanche, Piotr Lewczuk, Qiao-Xin Li, Alberto Lleo, Catherine Malaplate, Marta Marquie, Colin L. Masters, Barbara Mroczko, Leonor Nogueira, Adelina Orellana, Markus Otto, Jean-Baptiste Oudart, Claire Paquet, Federico Paolini Paoletti, Lucilla Parnetti, Armand Perret-Liaudet, Katell Peoc'h, Koen Poesen, Albert Puig-Pijoan, Isabelle Quadrio, Muriel Quillard-Muraine, Benoit Rucheton, Susanna Schraen, Jonathan M. Schott, Leslie M. Shaw, Marc Suarez-Calvet, Magda Tsolaki, Hayrettin Tumani, Chinedu T. Udeh-Momoh, Lucie Vaudran, Marcel M. Verbeek, Federico Verde, Lisa Vermunt, Jonathan Vogelgsang, Jens Wiltfang, Henrik Zetterberg, Sylvain Lehmann
Summary: This study examined the variation in quantifying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) across different centers worldwide and proposed harmonized comments to address inconsistency in interpretation and reporting of results. The findings revealed similarities in (pre-)analytical procedures among centers but significant heterogeneity in cutoff definitions and report comments, leading to the identification of the most accurate and informative comments through consensus for CSF biomarker interpretation in the context of AD diagnosis. This represents the first attempt to propose harmonized reports across specialized laboratories globally involved in AD diagnosis.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ashvini Keshavan, Frankie O'Shea, Miles D. Chapman, Melanie S. Hart, Michael P. T. Lunn, Ross W. Paterson, Jonathan D. Rohrer, Catherine J. Mummery, Nick C. Fox, Henrik Zetterberg, Jonathan M. Schott
Summary: The article discusses the limited access to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker testing for dementia diagnosis and advocates for expanding access by sharing expertise and protocols with colleagues working in psychiatry and elderly care. The importance of collaborative working, preanalytical sample handling, and interpretation of results in appropriate clinical contexts is highlighted.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Frederike T. Fellendorf, Nina Bonkat, Nina Dalkner, Elena M. D. Schoenthaler, Mirko Manchia, Dietmar Fuchs, Eva Z. Reininghaus
Summary: This review highlights the inconsistent findings on KYN/TRP ratio in severe mental disorders. Although there are indications of inflammation associated with elevated IDO activity, no conclusive statements can be made. Considering factors such as inflammatory processes, metabolic activities, and psychological/neuropsychiatric symptoms are crucial for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cornelia A. Karg, Lucia Parrakova, Dietmar Fuchs, Harald Schennach, Bernhard Kraeutler, Simone Moser, Johanna M. Gostner
Summary: Phyllobilins, derived from the degradation of chlorophyll, are natural products with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. However, their mechanisms of action and in vivo effects require further investigation.
Article
Microbiology
Laura P. Kincer, Sarah Beth Joseph, Maria M. Gilleece, Blake M. Hauser, Sabrina Sizemore, Shuntai Zhou, Clara Di Germanio, Henrik Zetterberg, Dietmar Fuchs, Steven G. Deeks, Serena Spudich, Magnus Gisslen, Richard W. Price, Ronald Swanstrom
Summary: HIV-1 can persist in a latent reservoir in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy, and rebound virus can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid during treatment interruption. In this study, we found that high viral loads and clonally amplified viral lineages in the cerebrospinal fluid were correlated with the influx of white blood cells. Additionally, we did not observe rebound macrophage-tropic virus in the cerebrospinal fluid, indicating that the CNS may not be a source of this virus. We propose a model in which R5 T cell-tropic virus is released from infected T cells in the CNS during treatment interruption.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Arvid Eden, Frida Rydberg, Aylin Yilmaz, Lars Hagberg, Johanna Gostner, Staffan Nilsson, Dietmar Fuchs, Magnus Gisslen
Summary: For people with HIV initiating ART during chronic infection, the occurrence of residual CNS immune activation is not correlated with pretreatment immune status, even when treatment is initiated at high CD4(+) T-cell counts, suggesting that the CNS reservoir is not differentially affected by the timing of ART initiation during chronic infection.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katharina Obermoser, Natascha Brigo, Andrea Schroll, Pablo Monfort-Lanzas, Johanna M. Gostner, Sabine Engl, Simon Geisler, Miriam Knoll, Harald Schennach, Guenter Weiss, Dietmar Fuchs, Rosa Bellmann-Weiler, Katharina Kurz
Summary: This pilot study investigated the effects of a multi-strain probiotic preparation on fatigue, depression, and quality of life in patients with post-infectious fatigue. The results showed that both the probiotic and placebo groups experienced improvements, but the probiotic group had greater improvements. After 6 months, the probiotic group had significantly lower fatigue and depression scores, as well as improved quality of life.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephen Keddie, Duncan Smyth, Ryan Y. S. Keh, Michael K. L. Chou, Donna Grant, Sunaina Surana, Amanda Heslegrave, Henrik Zetterberg, Luuk Wieske, Milou Michael, Filip Eftimov, Roberto Bellanti, Simon Rinaldi, Melanie S. Hart, Axel Petzold, Michael P. Lunn
Summary: Valid blood biomarkers specific to peripheral nerve damage would greatly improve management of peripheral nervous system diseases. This study found that peripherin, an intermediate filament protein, could serve as a promising biomarker for peripheral nerve axonal damage. An immunoassay using single molecule array technology was developed to detect serum peripherin levels, and longitudinal analysis showed its potential clinical application in certain diseases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan P. Rogers, Michael K. L. Chou, Thomas A. Pollak, Michael Eyre, Maria Krutikov, Andrew Church, Melanie S. Hart, Abid Karim, Sophia Michael, Angela Vincent, Anthony S. David, Glyn Lewis, Saiju Jacob, Michael S. Zandi
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Borja Mora-Peris, Michael R. Keegan, Sujan Dilly Penchala, Jaime H. Vera, Jonathan Underwood, Maryam Khan, Carolina Herrera, Dietmar Fuchs, Adriano Boasso, Saye Khoo, Alan Winston
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of switching integrase inhibitors in people with HIV on central nervous system pharmacodynamics. The results showed that the switch did not lead to significant changes in cognitive function, depression, and other CNS parameters.
HIV RESEARCH & CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Katharina Hufner, Johannes M. Giesinger, Johanna M. Gostner, Jonas Egeter, Pia Koudouovoh-Tripp, Theresa Vill, Dietmar Fuchs, Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of acute mental stress on neurotransmitter precursor amino acid levels in individuals with depression. The results showed a non-linear relationship between neurotransmitter levels and depression severity, suggesting potential explanations for the heterogeneity of results in the literature.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRYPTOPHAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saziye Sezin Palabiyik-Yucelik, Simone Moser, Kathrin Becker, Zekai Halici, Yasin Bayir, Marlies Stonig, Harald Schennach, Dietmar Fuchs, Johanna M. Gostner, Katharina Kurz
Summary: Oxyresveratrol influences inflammatory and metabolic processes by suppressing tryptophan breakdown and neopterin formation. It shows distinct effects on different immune cell types and can modulate the activity of IDO-1.
Article
Neurosciences
Johann Steiner, Henrik Dobrowolny, Paul C. Guest, Hans-Gert Bernstein, Dietmar Fuchs, Julien Roeser, Paul Summergrad, Gregory F. Oxenkrug
Summary: This study found a negative correlation between plasma levels of anthranilic acid (AA) and HAM-D-21 scores in female MDD patients, and that inclusion of AA improved leptin's prediction of depression severity. In male patients, leptin was correlated with BMI, waist circumference/hip ratio, CRP, and HOMA-IR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRYPTOPHAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Wilson Vincent, Adam W. Carrico, Samantha E. Dilworth, Dietmar Fuchs, Torsten B. Neilands, Judith T. Moskowitz, Annesa Flentje
Summary: The study found that being more out may be protective for non-Hispanic White SM men, while it may not have the same effect for SM men of color. Additionally, outness appeared to be particularly important for participants who did not receive the positive affect intervention.
JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)