Article
Immunology
Michael J. Silverberg, Wendy Leyden, Raul U. Hernandez-Ramirez, Li Qin, Haiqun Lin, Amy C. Justice, Nancy A. Hessol, Chad J. Achenbach, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Eric A. Engels, Keri N. Althoff, Angel M. Mayor, Timothy R. Sterling, Mari M. Kitahata, Ronald J. Bosch, Michael S. Saag, Charles S. Rabkin, Michael A. Horberg, M. John Gill, Surbhi Grover, W. Christopher Mathews, Jun Li, Heidi M. Crane, Stephen J. Gange, Bryan Lau, Richard D. Moore, Robert Dubrow, Romain S. Neugebauer
Summary: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in persons living with HIV can reduce the risk of virus-related cancers, such as AIDS-defining cancers, Kaposi sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ruojing Bai, Juan Du, Shiyun Lv, Wei Hua, Lili Dai, Hao Wu
Summary: Rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been compared with standard/delayed treatment for HIV patients in terms of benefits and risks. The results show that Rapid ART is superior to standard/delayed treatment in providing continuous care for at least 8 months and reducing the risk of severe bacterial infection. However, at 12 months following treatment, there is no significant difference in viral load, mortality, or the incidence of adverse events compared with standard/delayed treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andres Esteban-Cantos, Javier Rodriguez-Centeno, Juan C. Silla, Pilar Barruz, Fatima Sanchez-Cabo, Gabriel Saiz-Medrano, Julian Nevado, Beatriz Mena-Garay, Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez, Rosa de Miguel, Jose I. Bernardino, Roco Montejano, Julen Cadinanos, Cristina Marcelo, Lucia Gutierrez-Garcia, Patricia Martinez-Martin, Cedrick Wallet, Francois Raffi, Berta Rodes, Jose R. Arribas
Summary: This study investigates the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV-induced epigenetic modifications. It found that ART initiation modified DNA methylation levels at 845 CpG positions, with 49.3% of the changes being restored to the uninfected state. Untreated HIV infection was associated with DNA methylation changes in biological processes regulating the immune system and antiviral responses. Changes in DNA methylation levels after ART initiation were weakly correlated with changes in CD4+ cell counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio.
Article
Immunology
Thomas A. Rasmussen, Sunil K. Ahuja, Locadiah Kuwanda, Michael J. Vjecha, Fleur Hudson, Luxshimi Lal, Ajantha Rhodes, Judy Chang, Sarah Palmer, Paula Auberson-Munderi, Henry Mugerwa, Robin Wood, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Sandy Pillay, Rosie Mngqibisa, Alberto LaRosa, Jose Hildago, Kathy Petoumenos, Chris Chiu, Joseph Lutaakome, Jonathan Kitonsa, Esther Kabaswaga, Pietro Pala, Carmela Ganoza, Katie Fisher, Christina Chang, Sharon R. Lewin, Edwina J. Wright
Summary: Initiating antiretroviral therapy with a high CD4+ cell count is associated with a smaller HIV reservoir.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aws Waleed M. Al-Hayani, Alfonso Cabello-Ubeda, Marta Del Palacio-Tamarit, Blanca Rodriguez-Alonso, Irene Carrillo-Acosta, Beatriz Alvarez-Alvarez, Laura Prieto-Perez, Laura Fernandez Quintela, Gema Fuensalida, Raquel Tellez, Angel Luis-Castano, Marta Hernandez-Segurado, Javier Becares, Jose Miguel Benito, Norma Rallon, Miguel Gorgolas
Summary: Initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the first specialist appointment without baseline laboratory data does not reduce the efficacy or safety of treatment. It leads to rapid virological control and high retention rates in HIV care at 48 weeks.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Thomas A. Rasmussen, Sunil K. Ahuja, Locadiah Kuwanda, Michael J. Vjecha, Fleur Hudson, Luxshimi Lal, Ajantha Rhodes, Judy Chang, Sarah Palmer, Paula Auberson-Munderi, Henry Mugerwa, Robin Wood, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Sandy Pillay, Rosie Mngqibisa, Alberto LaRosa, Jose Hildago, Kathy Petoumenos, Chris Chiu, Joseph Lutaakome, Jonathan Kitonsa, Esther Kabaswaga, Pietro Pala, Carmela Ganoza, Katie Fisher, Christina Chang, Sharon R. Lewin, Edwina J. Wright
Summary: The study found that initiating antiretroviral therapy with a CD4+ count of 800 cells/mm3 as compared to 600-799 or 500-599 cells/mm3 was associated with significantly lower levels of HIV persistence on ART.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Javier Martinez-Sanz, Raquel Ron, Elena Moreno, Matilde Sanchez-Conde, Alfonso Muriel, Luis Fernando Lopez Cortes, Jose Ramon Blanco, Juan Antonio Pineda, Alvaro Mena, Sonia Calzado Isbert, Santiago Moreno, Sergio Serrano-Villar
Summary: This study compared the impact of a 2-drug regimen with dolutegravir plus lamivudine to a 3-drug regimen based on other integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) on the recovery of the CD4/CD8 ratio in people with HIV. The results showed no difference in the normalization rates of the CD4/CD8 ratio at 48 weeks between the two treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Njambi Njuguna, Nelly Mugo, Omu Anzala, Marianne Mureithi, Elizabeth Irungu, Joyce Wamicwe, Jared M. Baeten, Renee Heffron
Summary: A risk scoring tool was developed using data from KenyaEMR to identify individuals likely to have unsuppressed viral load 18 months post-ART initiation. The tool could improve efficiency in differentiated care models.
Article
Pediatrics
Xiaoliang Zeng, Huanhuan Chen, Qiuying Zhu, Zhiyong Shen, Guanghua Lan, Jiangming Liang, Fuxiong Liang, Jinhui Zhu, Hui Xing, Yiming Shao, Yuhua Ruan, Jianfeng Zhang, Xiangjun Zhang
Summary: The mortality rate of HIV-infected children under ART in Guangxi was 0.87 per 100 person-years, with an attrition rate of 3.02 per 100 person-years. Mortality was lower in children with higher CD4 counts and higher in those with late ART initiation.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Michael J. Corley, Carlo Sacdalan, Alina P. S. Pang, Nitiya Chomchey, Nisakorn Ratnaratorn, Victor Valcour, Eugene Kroon, Kyu S. Cho, Andrew C. Belden, Donn Colby, Merlin Robb, Denise Hsu, Serena Spudich, Robert Paul, Sandhya Vasan, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
Summary: HIV-1 infection leads to significant epigenetic changes in the host, primarily in monocytes, with minimal restoration by ART. These changes in monocyte DNA methylation are associated with viral load, CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and clinical phenotypes, indicating the rapid epigenetic memory embedded by HIV-1.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yuanqi Mi, Mengge Zhou, Yuhong Zeng, Peicheng Wang, Liangmin Gao, Feng Cheng
Summary: Logistics regression model was used to determine factors associated with late and delayed antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in China and provide evidence for HIV prevention. The results showed that being male, heterosexual, diagnosed with HIV before 2014, co-infected with HBV/HCV, and having tuberculosis were associated with increased odds of late and delayed ART initiation. However, being married or cohabiting was associated with decreased odds of delayed ART initiation. Older age was associated with increased odds of late or delayed ART initiation, but decreased odds of delayed ART initiation. The proportion of late and delayed ART initiation decreased significantly after the release of the 2016 guidelines in China, but further interventions for key populations are needed to improve late diagnosis and early treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bei Li, Leidan Zhang, Ying Liu, Jing Xiao, Xinyue Wang, Yuqing Wei, Lina Fan, Yujiao Duan, Guoli Li, Yaxian Kong, Hongxin Zhao
Summary: This research aimed to investigate the dynamic changes and related risk factors of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis in HIV-infected individuals before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy. The study involved 6637 HIV patients starting ART at Beijing Ditan Hospital. Risk factors for thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis were identified, along with recovery rates and new-onset incidence. The driving forces of thrombocytosis were also discussed, suggesting the need for further research on treatment strategies.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Beshada Zerfu Woldegeorgis, Chala Wegi Diro, Bereket Yohannes, Amene Abebe Kerbo, Yordanos Sisay Asgedom
Summary: In this study, the aim was to determine the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) among adolescents and adults after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and identify predictors. The findings showed a high rate of OIs, with being female, not taking cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT), poor adherence to ART, mild malnutrition, and advanced HIV disease being significant predictors of OIs.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tara Gomes, Siyu Men, Tonya J. Campbell, Mina Tadrous, Muhammad M. Mamdani, J. Michael Paterson, David N. Juurlink
Summary: This study investigated the initial opioid initiation practices in Ontario, Canada before and after the publication of national guidelines, and found significant variations in clinical practice with opioid prescribing practices influenced by clinical indication.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sara N. Levintow, Brian W. Pence, Kimberly A. Powers, Alexander Breskin, Teerada Sripaipan, Tran Viet Ha, Viet Anh Chu, Vu Minh Quan, Carl A. Latkin, Vivian F. Go
Summary: The study found that severe depressive symptoms decreased the cumulative incidence of ART initiation among PWID living with HIV, but had no significant impact on viral suppression. Future research should further investigate the antagonistic effect of depression on treatment uptake in order to improve HIV clinical outcomes and reduce transmission among PWID.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)