Article
Immunology
Tingxia Lv, Wei Cao, Jing Xue, Qiang Wei, Zhifeng Qiu, Yang Han, Taisheng Li
Summary: LLDT-8 administration during chronic SIV infection did not have a significant effect on T cell activation and viral rebound.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Edith M. Walker, Kristen M. Merino, Nadia Slisarenko, Brooke F. Grasperge, Smriti Mehra, Chad J. Roy, Deepak Kaushal, Namita Rout
Summary: This study explored the immune responses of unconventional lipid-reactive T cells following BCG inoculation and SIV infection. The results showed that BCG exposure increased the frequency of BAL gamma delta T cells and induced both systemic and local Th1-type response. SIV infection led to a decline in IL-7R expression and IFN-gamma production in gamma delta T cells, but their cytolytic potential was maintained. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the functions of lipid-reactive T cells and may provide new approaches to enhance TB control.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nongthombam Boby, Apurv Srivastav, Sudesh K. Srivastav, Bapi Pahar
Summary: Cytokine and chemokine levels are significant predictive factors of HIV pathogenesis and disease outcome. Evaluating cytokine and chemokine levels during acute infection can help identify critical changes and improve HIV treatment and prevention methods. In a rhesus macaque model, 11 cytokines/growth factors and 9 chemokines showed substantial changes during acute infection. IL-18, IP-10, FLT3L, MCP-1, MCP-2, and MIP-3 beta were identified as biomarkers for predicting CD4+ T cell loss and viral replication during acute SIV/HIV infection.
Article
Immunology
Mary S. Pampusch, Emily N. Sevcik, Zoe E. Quinn, Brianna C. Davey, James M. Berg, Ian Gorrell-Brown, Hadia M. Abdelaal, Eva G. Rakasz, Aaron Rendahl, Pamela J. Skinner
Summary: This study found that SIV-infected rhesus macaques treated with CXCR5-expressing SIV-specific CD4-MBL-CAR-T cells showed reduced viral loads. The temporary disruption of lymphoid follicles increased the abundance and persistence of CAR-T cells. These findings have important implications for the development of cellular immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Bapi Pahar, Wayne Gray, Marissa Fahlberg, Brooke Grasperge, Meredith Hunter, Arpita Das, Christopher Mabee, Pyone Pyone Aye, Faith Schiro, Krystle Hensley, Aneeka Ratnayake, Kelly Goff, Celia LaBranche, Xiaoying Shen, Georgia D. Tomaras, C. Todd DeMarco, David Montefiori, Patricia Kissinger, Preston A. Marx, Vicki Traina-Dorge
Summary: By using a varicella virus-vectored SIV vaccine and protein boosts, this study demonstrated a 37.5% efficacy rate against pathogenic SIV challenge in a rhesus macaque model by generating neutralizing antibodies, binding antibodies, and polyfunctional T-cell responses.
Article
Virology
Chunxiu Wu, Jin Zhao, Ruiting Li, Fengling Feng, Yizi He, Yanjun Li, Runhan Huang, Guangye Li, Heng Yang, Genhong Cheng, Ling Chen, Feng Ma, Pingchao Li, Caijun Sun
Summary: The combination of 25HC with antiretroviral therapy was found to provide profound immunological modulation in chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques, inhibiting viral replication, enhancing cellular immune responses, and restoring immune cell ratios. Assessments also highlighted the relationship between cholesterol metabolism, immune modulation, and antiviral activities of 25HC, offering insight for potential therapeutic drug candidates against HIV-1 and related diseases.
Article
Virology
Amy L. Ellis-Connell, Alexis J. Balgeman, Olivia E. Harwood, Ryan Moriarty, Jeffrey T. Safrit, Andrea M. Weiler, Thomas C. Friedrich, Shelby L. O'Connor
Summary: The IL-15 superagonist N-803 enhances the function of CD8 T cells and NK cells, and its efficacy is most prominent in SIV-positive animals that have the ability to control SIV replication.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sabrina Helmold Hait, Christopher James Hogge, Mohammad Arif Rahman, Ruth Hunegnaw, Zuena Mushtaq, Tanya Hoang, Marjorie Robert-Guroff
Summary: T follicular helper (T-FH) cells play a crucial role in B cell affinity maturation in lymph nodes. Meanwhile, circulating CXCR5(+) CD4(+) T (cT(FH)) cells support memory B cell activation and broadly neutralizing antibodies in HIV controllers. This study investigated the contribution of LN SIV-specific T-FH and cT(FH) cells to Env-specific humoral immunity in female rhesus macaques under different vaccination and SIV challenge conditions, revealing the importance of T-FH responses in blood and secondary lymphoid organs for protective efficacy of HIV vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Brianna C. Davey, Mary S. Pampusch, Emily K. Cartwright, Hadia M. Abdelaal, Eva G. Rakasz, Aaron Rendahl, Edward A. Berger, Pamela J. Skinner
Summary: T cells expressing a SIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and CXCR5 were infused into SIV-infected rhesus macaques on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to assess their ability to control the virus. These cells showed evidence of functionality but failed to persist in the animals beyond 28 days, possibly due to the development of anti-CAR antibodies. The study suggests that the CD4 and CD28 domains of the CAR are immunogenic and could impact the long-term persistence of CAR immunotherapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiaosheng Liu, Tingxia Lv, Xiuxia Li, Jing Xue, Ling Lin, Lianfeng Lu, Xiaodi Li, Yang Yang, Yuanni Wu, Qiang Wei, Wei Cao, Taisheng Li
Summary: LLDT-8 exhibits notable efficacy in alleviating immune activation in both an in vivo animal model and in vitro human cell experiments, suggesting its potential as a drug for managing systemic immune activation associated with SIV/HIV infection.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Virology
Danijela Maric, Wesley A. Grimm, Natalie Greco, Michael D. McRaven, Angela J. Fought, Ronald S. Veazey, Thomas J. Hope
Summary: Understanding the earliest events of HIV sexual transmission is crucial for prevention strategies. Rhesus macaques challenged rectally with a SIV-based vector showed Th17 T cells and immature dendritic cells as initial target cells for HIV/SIV rectal transmission, emphasizing their importance in future prevention strategies.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Jean-Marie Andrieu, Wei Lu
Summary: The mucosal vaccine developed in Chinese macaques demonstrated promising results in providing protection against SIV infection by inducing a unique class of T cells that suppress viral replication. This mechanism has also been observed in HIV-infected patients known as elite controllers, offering a new avenue for HIV vaccine research.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sidney W. Whiteheart
Summary: This article discusses the interactions between platelets and HIV, including what happens when a virus binds to a platelet, the nature of virus-induced platelet activation, and whether platelets are used as part of the immune response to increase HIV spread. Answering these questions will help in developing platelet-directed therapeutics for HIV treatment.
Article
Immunology
Nongthombam Boby, Xuewei Cao, Kelsey Williams, Shiva Kumar Goud Gadila, Monica N. Shroyer, Peter J. Didier, Sudesh K. Srivastav, Arpita Das, Kate Baker, Qiuying Sha, Bapi Pahar
Summary: The expression of ACE2 and RAS-associated proteins may be compromised after SIV/HIV infection, leading to the loss of gut homeostasis and aggravated pathological events.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marina McDew-White, Eunhee Lee, Xavier Alvarez, Karol Sestak, Binhua J. Ling, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Chioma M. Okeoma, Mahesh Mohan
Summary: This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of HIV/SIV-induced periodontal disease and highlights the anti-inflammatory and anti-dysbiotic properties of phytocannabinoids. These findings are important for people living with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy, as phytocannabinoids may help control the progression of the disease.
Article
Immunology
Nila J. Dharan, Fengyi Jin, Stefanie Vaccher, Benjamin Bavinton, Barbara Yeung, Rebecca Guy, Andrew Carr, Iryna Zablotska, Janaki Amin, Philip Read, David J. Templeton, Catriona Oii, Sarah J. Martin, Nathan Ryder, Don E. Smith, Anna McNulty, Katherine Brown, Karen Price, Jo Holden, Andrew E. Grulich
Summary: In a large implementation study of daily oral preexposure prophylaxis, it was found that all HIV seroconversions occurred due to insufficient adherence. These findings emphasize the importance of supporting adherence, especially when there is a discordance between self-perceived risk and risk behaviors.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Pandu P. Nugroho, Siti Alyaa S. Ghozali, Daniel D. Buchanan, Mia Pisano, Jeanette C. Reece
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the cancer risks in Lynch-like syndrome (LLS) patients and their relatives. The findings showed an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in LLS patients and relatives, while the risk of endometrial cancer was relatively lower. Therefore, increased colonoscopy surveillance strategies are recommended for LLS patients and relatives, and extended screening intervals may be advised for low-risk families. Further research is needed to resolve the molecular characterization and definition of LLS in order to better understand the associated cancer risks.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Anouk von Borstel, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, Thomas M. Ashhurst, Lilith F. Allen, Lauren J. Howson, Natasha E. Holmes, Olivia C. Smibert, Jason A. Trubiano, Claire L. Gordon, Allen C. Cheng, Stephen J. Kent, Jamie Rossjohn, Katherine Kedzierska, Martin S. Davey
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe COVID-19 in some individuals. The immune system, particularly effector gamma delta T cells, plays a role in the defense against SARS-CoV-2. Our study shows an association between effector populations of gamma delta T cells and acute COVID-19 in unvaccinated individuals.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Vincent Vong, Steve Simpson-Yap, Spreeha Phaiju, Rebekah A. Davenport, Sandra L. Neate, Mia Pisano, Jeanette C. Reece
Summary: This systematic review aimed to examine the relationships between smoking behavior and depression and anxiety in people living with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The results showed a clear association between smoking and depression, but the relationship between smoking and anxiety was less clear.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Correction
Immunology
Bruce D. Wines, Liriye Kurtovic, Halina M. Trist, Sandra Esparon, Ester Lopez, Klasina Chappin, Li-Jin Chan, Francesca L. Mordant, Wen Shi Lee, Nicholas A. Gherardin, Sheila K. Patel, Gemma E. Hartley, Phillip Pymm, James P. Cooney, James G. Beeson, Dale I. Godfrey, Louise M. Burrell, Menno C. van Zelm, Adam K. Wheatley, Amy W. W. Chung, Wai-Hong Tham, Kanta Subbarao, Stephen J. Kent, P. Mark Hogarth
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deborah Cromer, Megan Steain, Arnold Reynaldi, Timothy E. Schlub, Shanchita R. Khan, Sarah C. Sasson, Stephen J. Kent, David S. Khoury, Miles P. Davenport
Summary: The study demonstrates a strong correlation between neutralising antibody titres and vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic and severe COVID-19. Predicted neutralising antibody titres are strongly correlated with observed vaccine effectiveness, and the loss of neutralising antibodies over time and to new variants is predictive of observed vaccine protection against severe COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mai N. Vu, Emily H. Pilkington, Wen Shi Lee, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Thomas P. Davis, Nghia P. Truong, Stephen J. Kent, Adam K. Wheatley
Summary: Using monoclonal antibodies to target vaccine antigens to specific immune cells within lymph nodes can enhance immune responses. The authors developed a system using self-assembling ferritin nanoparticles to attach antibodies to the nanoparticles, allowing for rapid screening of different targeting antibodies. By targeting Clec9a, the authors observed higher antibody titers and increased germinal center formation, leading to robust antibody responses. However, the effectiveness of immune cell targeting depends on the antigen, with variation observed for different immunogens.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Georgia Deliyannis, Nicholas A. Gherardin, Chinn Yi Wong, Samantha L. Grimley, James P. Cooney, Samuel J. Redmond, Paula Ellenberg, Kathryn C. Davidson, Francesca L. Mordant, Tim Smith, Marianne Gillard, Ester Lopez, Julie McAuley, Chee Wah Tan, Jing J. Wang, Weiguang Zeng, Mason Littlejohn, Runhong Zhou, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Zhi-wei Chen, Airn E. Hartwig, Richard Bowen, Jason M. Mackenzie, Elizabeth Vincan, Joseph Torresi, Katherine Kedzierska, Colin W. Pouton, Tom P. Gordon, Lin-fa Wang, Stephen J. Kent, Adam K. Wheatley, Sharon R. Lewin, Kanta Subbarao, Amy W. Chung, Marc Pellegrini, Trent Munro, Terry Nolan, Steven Rockman, David C. Jackson, Damian F. J. Purcell, Dale I. Godfrey
Summary: Researchers have developed a protein subunit vaccine to address the variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The vaccine induces strong neutralizing antibody responses and provides durable immunity against upper and lower airway infections. It has the potential to complement existing vaccines and is currently in a phase I clinical trial.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeanette C. Reece, Sandra L. Neate, Rebekah A. Davenport, Elasma Milanzi, Nupur Nag, William Bevens, Maggie Yu, George A. Jelinek, Steve Simpson-Yap
Summary: This study aims to investigate the relationship between stressful life events and fatigue and depressive symptoms in people living with multiple sclerosis (plwMS). The findings suggest that the number and load of stressful life events are not associated with higher prevalence of fatigue or depressive symptoms, except for those events with a perceived negative emotional impact.
ACTA NEUROLOGICA BELGICA
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Javiera Martinez-Gutierrez, Sophie Chima, Lucy Boyd, Asma Sherwani, Allison Drosdowsky, Napin Karnchanachari, Vivien Luong, Jeanette C. Reece, Jon Emery
Summary: Cervical cancer is a common cancer among women, and inadequate follow-up of abnormal test results in primary care can have negative consequences for patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steve Simpson-Yap, Sandra L. Neate, Nupur Nag, Yasmine C. Probst, Maggie Yu, George A. Jelinek, Jeanette C. Reece
Summary: This study aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality and subsequent disability in people with MS. The results showed that higher diet quality was associated with lower disability risk, while meat and dairy consumption was associated with increased disability risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eva Stadler, Martin T. Burgess, Timothy E. Schlub, Shanchita R. Khan, Khai Li Chai, Zoe K. McQuilten, Erica M. Wood, Mark N. Polizzotto, Stephen J. Kent, Deborah Cromer, Miles P. Davenport, David S. Khoury
Summary: Multiple monoclonal antibodies have been effective for both prophylaxis and therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aggregates data from randomized controlled trials to model the dose-response relationship of monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis. The estimated 50% protection from COVID-19 is achieved with a concentration of 96-fold of the in vitro IC50.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vita Christie, Lynette Riley, Deb Green, Kylie Snook, Mandy Henningham, Boe Rambaldini, Janaki Amin, Chris Pyke, Megan Varlow, Sally Goss, John Skinner, Ross O'Shea, Deb McCowen, Kylie Gwynne
Summary: This study evaluates if the current Australian public policy regarding breast cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care meets the needs of outcomes for Indigenous women. The results indicate that the current policy does not address the needs of Indigenous women and requires change to improve outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Behzad Hajarizadeh, Joanne M. Carson, Marianne Byrne, Jason Grebely, Evan Cunningham, Janaki Amin, Peter Vickerman, Natasha K. Martin, Carla Treloar, Marianne Martinello, Andrew R. Lloyd, Gregory J. Dore, SToP C study Grp
Summary: People in prison, especially those who inject drugs, are at a high risk of contracting HCV. This study found a high HCV incidence rate in prison, with a higher rate of re-infection than primary infection. Injecting drugs in prison and being released and re-incarcerated were identified as risk factors for HCV transmission. High-dosage opioid agonist therapy was protective against HCV infection, while sharing needles/syringes without consistent use of disinfectant increased the risk. Improved opioid agonist therapy coverage and needle/syringe programs are needed to reduce HCV transmission in prison.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kristy Burns, Elizabeth-Ann Schroeder, Thomas Fung, Louise A. Ellis, Janaki Amin
Summary: This research utilizes survey data from Australia to identify industries with high rates of psychological distress and estimate the productivity impacts in terms of work loss and cutback days. The study finds that high-risk industries include Information media and telecommunications, Accommodation and food services, and Retail. The findings highlight the substantial psychological distress that affects productivity.
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
(2023)
