Article
Psychiatry
Tomisin Iwajomo, Susan J. Bondy, Claire de Oliveira, Patricia Colton, Kathryn Trottier, Paul Kurdyak
Summary: Individuals diagnosed with eating disorders in hospital settings have a five to seven times higher mortality rate compared to the overall population, with males experiencing higher mortality rates than females across all age groups.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kacper Nijakowski, Jakub Jankowski, Dawid Gruszczynski, Anna Surdacka
Summary: This systematic review found a relationship between eating disorders, particularly bulimia nervosa, and dental erosion. Individuals with bulimia nervosa were over 10 times more likely to experience tooth erosion, and self-induced vomiting increased the odds of tooth erosion by over 16 times.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Andreas Birgegard, Emma Forsen Mantilla, Lisa Dinkler, Elin Hedlund, Androula Savva, Henrik Larsson, Cynthia M. Bulik
Summary: The validity of diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) is crucial for supporting research and policy recommendations. A comparison with the integrated National Quality Registers (QR) showed that the ED diagnoses in NPR have acceptable validity, providing valuable data for research purposes.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Bente Sommerfeldt, Finn Skarderud, Ingela Lundin Kvalem, Kjersti S. Gulliksen, Arne Holte
Summary: Pregnancy is a vulnerable period for women with a history of eating disorders. Our study found that almost all participants experienced worsening or relapse of their disorder during pregnancy.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Pontillo, Valeria Zanna, Francesco Demaria, Roberto Averna, Cristina Di Vincenzo, Margherita De Biase, Michelangelo Di Luzio, Benedetta Foti, Maria Cristina Tata, Stefano Vicari
Summary: Research on Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is divided, with some studies suggesting it may fit the full-syndrome DSM-5 ED, while others propose that ON and DSM-5 EDs may co-occur. Only a few studies have suggested a relationship between ON and OCD. Currently, the clinical significance of ON and its relationship with EDs and OCD remains complicated and unclear, indicating a need for future research on the possible clinical course of ON.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Ruyue Zhang, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Stina Borg, Virpi Leppae, Laura M. Thornton, Andreas Birgegard, Cynthia M. Bulik, Sarah E. Bergen
Summary: The associations between eating disorders (EDs) and schizophrenia have been recognized, and familial liability to schizophrenia in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) reveals distinct patterns of clinical outcomes. This study investigates the influence of schizophrenia genetic liability among individuals with EDs, finding that higher schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) are significantly associated with increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance abuse disorder (SUD). Additionally, higher schizophrenia PRS is related to earlier age at first ED symptom, higher ED symptom scores, and increased risk of MDD and SUD.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Lauren Breithaupt, Danielle L. Kahn, Meghan Slattery, Franziska Plessow, Christopher Mancuso, Alyssa Izquierdo, Melissa J. Dreier, Kendra Becker, Debra L. Franko, Jennifer J. Thomas, Laura Holsen, Elizabeth A. Lawson, Madhusmita Misra, Kamryn T. Eddy
Summary: This study examines the course of low-weight restrictive eating disorders in adolescents and finds that persistence is high, crossover occurs but is less frequent, and recovery is rare. Innovative treatment approaches are urgently needed for these disorders.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Nathalie Auger, Howard Steiger, Thuy Mai Luu, Nicholas Chadi, Nancy Low, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand, Jessica Healy-Profitos, Aimina Ayoub, Emilie Brousseau, Mimi Israel
Summary: This study examined the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on child eating disorder hospitalizations in Quebec, Canada. The findings revealed an increase in hospitalization rates for eating disorders, particularly during the first and second waves of the pandemic. Girls aged 10-19 were most affected, but boys and individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds were also impacted.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Libera Siciliano, Giusy Olivito, Maria Leggio
Summary: This review examines the volumetric and functional changes in the cerebellum of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) and proposes that the cerebellum plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of EDs, requiring further investigation.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Malgorzata Janas-Kozik, Anna Zmijowska, Ida Zasada, Ireneusz Jelonek, Lena Cichon, Andrzej Siwiec, Krzysztof M. Wilczynski
Summary: This paper conducted a systematic review of literature on eating disorders in pregnant women, emphasizing the negative consequences for both the mother and child. It suggests the need for a multidisciplinary screening strategy and management standards for this group of patients.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Margaret Sala, Ani Keshishian, Sarah Song, Rivka Moskowitz, Cynthia M. Bulik, Corey R. Roos, Cheri A. Levinson
Summary: In this meta-analysis of 35 papers, we found that receiving a higher level of care, having psychiatric comorbidity, and higher severity of ED psychopathology were associated with a higher likelihood of relapse in eating disorders. Conversely, higher leptin levels, higher meal energy density/variety, higher motivation for change, higher body mass index/weight/body fat, better response to treatment, anorexia nervosa-restricting subtype diagnosis, and older age of ED onset were associated with a lower likelihood of relapse. Various moderators were also identified.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Stuart B. Murray, Kyle T. Ganson, Jonathan Chu, Kay Jann, Jason M. Nagata
Summary: This study assessed the prevalence of eating disorders among 10 to 11-year-old children in the United States and found that binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common subtype in this age group.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lisa Brelet, Valentin Flaudias, Michel Desert, Sebastien Guillaume, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Yves Boirie
Summary: Research on stigmatization in eating disorders has shown that individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder face stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination, which are influenced by demographic factors like age, gender, and income level. This stigma has negative effects on individuals' eating disorders, psychological wellbeing, and treatment-seeking behavior, highlighting the need for further research and prevention efforts.
Article
Psychiatry
Liron Litmanovich-Cohen, Amit Yaroslavsky, Liron Roni Halevy-Yosef, Tal Shilton, Adi Enoch-Levy, Daniel Stein
Summary: A study of 61 hospitalized ED patients indicates that participating in a post-hospitalization daycare program may improve the 1-year follow-up outcomes for patients, with more achievers of remission. However, patients who do not complete daycare treatment can also maintain a normal BMI one year later. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of social functioning, depression, anxiety, and other aspects.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Natalie C. Momen, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, Cynthia M. Bulik, John J. McGrath, Laura M. Thornton, Zeynep Yilmaz, Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive examination of the bidirectional associations between eating disorders and general medical conditions, revealing an increased comorbidity among individuals with eating disorders and vice versa. While there is some variation in comorbidity observed across different types of eating disorders, the magnitudes of relative risks do not differ greatly.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kai Zhang, Yitan Yao, Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: Ketamine is a rapid antidepressant that can alleviate depressive symptoms within hours. However, its specific mechanisms of action are not yet clear, and it has several side effects. Understanding the pharmacological properties and mechanisms of ketamine can help develop a new generation of rapid antidepressants.
Correction
Neurosciences
X. Wang, A. Eguchi, Y. Yang, L. Chang, X. Wan, J. Shan, Y. Qu, L. Ma, C. Mori, J. Yang, K. Hashimoto
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Youge Qu, Lijia Chang, Li Ma, Xiayun Wan, Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: This study compared the effects of hallucinogenic psychedelic drug DOI, non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analog lisuride, and novel antidepressant (R)-ketamine on depression-like behavior and dendritic spine density in the brain. It was found that lisuride and (R)-ketamine improved these changes, while DOI did not. This suggests that the antidepressant-like effect of lisuride is not associated with 5-HT2AR-related psychedelic effects.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yong Yang, Akifumi Eguchi, Xiayun Wan, Lijia Chang, Xingming Wang, Youge Qu, Chisato Mori, Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: This study suggests that Chrna7 knockout mice exhibit depression-like behaviors and reduced expression of synaptic proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex through the gut-microbiota-brain axis via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy can block these depression-like behaviors and alter the composition of gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Youge Qu, Akifumi Eguchi, Xiayun Wan, Li Ma, Lijia Chang, Jiajing Shan, Yong Yang, Chisato Mori, Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), the most widely used illicit compound worldwide, may contribute to stress resilience in mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) through the gut-microbiota-brain axis. The study found that MDMA treatment prevented the negative effects of CSDS, such as splenomegaly, anhedonia-like phenotype, and increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the mice. Gut microbiome analysis revealed differences between the saline + CSDS group and the MDMA + CSDS group, while metabolomics analysis showed altered plasma levels of N-epsilon-methyl-L-lysine in the saline + CSDS group compared to the control and MDMA + CSDS groups.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sai Chen, Jin-Jin Yang, Yue Zhang, Lei Lei, Di Qiu, Hui-Min Lv, Zhen-Tao Sun, Kenji Hashimoto, Jian-Jun Yang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a single-dose of esketamine during anesthesia induction on emergence delirium (ED) in preschool children after minor surgery. The study found that the use of esketamine was associated with a higher incidence and score of ED, as well as a longer post-anesthesia care unit stay. However, there were no significant differences in other outcomes between the two groups. Therefore, the use of esketamine in preschool children for minor surgery should be noticed.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: Cognitive impairment is a common feature in various psychiatric disorders, and current therapeutic drugs do not effectively improve it. However, (R,S)-ketamine, particularly (R)-ketamine, has shown potential in improving cognitive impairment. The gut-microbiome-brain axis may also play a role in cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kenji Hashimoto, Shigeyuki Chaki
Article
Neurosciences
Xiao-Hui Tang, Yu-Gang Diao, Zhuo-Yu Ren, Yan-Yu Zang, Guang-Fen Zhang, Xing-Ming Wang, Gui-Fang Duan, Jin-Chun Shen, Kenji Hashimoto, Zhi-Qiang Zhou, Jian-Jun Yang
Summary: Mouse models of depression-like behavior showed decreased levels of GABA and increased levels of glutamate in the hippocampus. Ketamine treatment reversed these alterations by increasing GABA levels and decreasing glutamate levels. These effects were mediated by changes in enzymes and transporters on GABAergic neurons and astrocytes.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiayun Wan, Akifumi Eguchi, Lijia Chang, Chisato Mori, Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: Patients with depression often have reduced bone mineral density. The new antidepressant arketamine has been shown to improve this reduction in mice. This study investigates the potential role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the beneficial effects of arketamine on behavioral and bone density changes in mice with chronic social defeat stress.
Article
Immunology
Xiayun Wan, Akifumi Eguchi, Akemi Sakamoto, Yuko Fujita, Yong Yang, Youge Qu, Masahiko Hatano, Chisato Mori, Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: Depletion of gut microbiota induced by antibiotic administration affects spleen and brain function, leading to decreased spleen weight and altered immune cell populations. Depletion of gut microbiota also leads to changes in metabolite levels, affecting spleen and brain function.
BRAIN, BEHAVIOR, & IMMUNITY - HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in various health issues, including persistent neurological and psychiatric symptoms known as long COVID or brain fog. The virus has been detected in the brains of patients who died from COVID-19, and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and changes in the microbiome may contribute to long COVID symptoms. This article discusses the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the brain and the biological mechanisms underlying long COVID, as well as potential therapeutic approaches targeting the gut-brain axis.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: The human body contains a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, known as the microbiota, which includes bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Current research is focusing on the potential association between the microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders. While the gut microbiota has received particular attention, the microbiota in other body tissues also influences the development and progression of these disorders. This article provides an overview of the role of the host microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders and explores future research directions.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Li Ma, Long Wang, Youge Qu, Xiayun Wan, Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: Relapse is common in remitted patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Arketamine, an (R)-enantiomer of ketamine, has persistent prophylactic actions in an inflammatory model of depression. The heme biosynthesis II pathway in the spleen could be a new target for the prevention of relapse in MDD patients.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yukihiko Shirayama, Masaaki Iwata, Kanako Miyano, Yuki Hirose, Yasunori Oda, Yuko Fujita, Kenji Hashimoto
Summary: Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) has shown antidepressant-like effects in a rat model of depression. It activates the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and AMPA receptors, and is associated with the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and basolateral region of amygdala.
