Review
Microbiology
Leonie Jane Kiely, Kizkitza Busca, Jonathan A. Lane, Douwe van Sinderen, Rita M. Hickey
Summary: The abundance of certain bacteria in the feces of breast-fed infants is due to their ability to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs are complex sugars that reach the infant's intestine intact and serve as a fermentable substrate for specific intestinal microbes. These microbes possess the genes and enzymes necessary for HMO degradation. The degraded HMOs can also be utilized by other gut bacteria.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shunhao Zhang, Tianle Li, Jing Xie, Demao Zhang, Caixia Pi, Lingyun Zhou, Wenbin Yang
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in human milk play a crucial role in infant growth and health by interacting with the gut microbiota to support beneficial bacteria growth, exhibit anti-pathogenic effects, and modulate intestinal epithelial cell response. Recent studies have shown the potential of HMOs in improving infant health and reducing disease risk, emphasizing the molecular basis of their beneficial effects.
MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Tianyu Fu, Luning Zhou, Zhiliang Fu, Bin Zhang, Quancai Li, Lin Pan, Chen Zhou, Qing Zhao, Qingsen Shang, Guangli Yu
Summary: The human gut microbiota has an enterotype-specific effect on the fermentation outcomes of marine algae oligosaccharides. Microbiota with a Bacteroides enterotype are more proficient at fermenting carrageenan oligosaccharides (KOS) compared to those with a Prevotella enterotype and an Escherichia enterotype.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brandon J. Eudy, Jack Odle, Xi Lin, Christian Maltecca, Kathleen R. Walter, Nathan P. McNulty, Vivek Fellner, Sheila K. Jacobi
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of arachidonate (ARA) and/or prebiotic oligosaccharide (PRE) supplementation in formula on the development of the microbial ecosystem and colonic health parameters. The results showed that PRE supplementation increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), benefiting intestinal development. ARA supplementation increased the ARA content in the colonic mucosa and increased the unsaturation of fatty acids.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
D. J. M. Barnett, M. F. Endika, C. E. Klostermann, F. Gu, C. Thijs, A. Nauta, H. A. Schols, H. Smidt, I. C. W. Arts, J. Penders
Summary: The infant gut microbiota is influenced by antibiotic exposures and prebiotic oligosaccharides found in breast milk. This study analyzed the stool microbiota of 1023 one-month-old infants and found that breastfeeding and antibiotic exposure both decrease gut microbial diversity, but have different effects on microbiota composition. Other factors such as C-section, homebirth, siblings, and exposure to animals also impact microbiota composition. Understanding these factors can help protect and promote a healthy infant gut microbiota.
Article
Microbiology
Zhi Du, Jiabin Li, Wei Li, Hao Fu, Jieying Ding, Guofei Ren, Linying Zhou, Xionge Pi, Xiaoli Ye
Summary: This study demonstrates that fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) can modulate gut microbial disorders in children with functional diarrhea, providing a potential approach to alleviate functional diarrhea in children.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kunyi Zhao, Hao Pang, Kaidi Shao, Zizhen Yang, Shangyong Li, Ningning He
Summary: Gut inflammation, with increasing incidence, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Current treatment methods, such as surgery and drugs, may cause irreversible damage, particularly in infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as natural components in breast milk, serve as probiotics in the treatment and prevention of gut inflammation. They improve gut microbiota abundance, enhance the gut barrier function, and reduce inflammatory reactions. Functional oligosaccharides are being explored as substitutes for HMOs due to their complex synthesis and high cost. This review summarizes the therapeutic and preventive effects of HMOs and their potential application in replacing breast milk for infants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Zhang, Long-Qing Li, Feitong Liu, Jian-Yong Wu
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are crucial for the development of infant gut microbiota, epithelial barrier, and immune function. The deficiency of HMOs in bovine milk-based infant formula is a major cause of immune disorders in formula-fed infants. Current research focuses on the structure, mechanisms, and effects of HMOs on infant gut microbiota and immune function.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Tao Zhang, Miaomiao Hu, Mengli Li, Chenchen Li, Ming Miao
Summary: The primary active components of breast milk are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which provide many benefits to infants, including regulating their metabolism, immune system, and brain development. Recent studies have shown that HMOs function as prebiotics, promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and producing short-chain fatty acids crucial for infant development. Additionally, HMOs can directly reduce the occurrence of diseases by preventing pathogen infection.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cristina Iribarren, Maria K. Magnusson, Louise K. Vigsnaes, Imran Aziz, Ingvild Dybdrodt Amundsen, Tanja Suligoj, Nathalie Juge, Piyush Patel, Maria Sapnara, Lea Johnsen, Nikolaj Sorensen, Johanna Sundin, Hans Toernblom, Magnus Simren, Lena Oehman
Summary: This study showed that supplementation with 2’FL/LNnT can alter the gut microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolite profiles in IBS patients. The increase in bifidobacteria abundance was associated with these changes, while there was no effect on the host mucosal response.
Article
Microbiology
Frederikke Christine Lindenberg, Ditte Olsen Lutzhoft, Lukasz Krych, James Fielden, Witold Kot, Hanne Frokiaer, Gaby van Galen, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Axel Kornerup Hansen
Summary: Research shows that feeding foals a diet rich in oligosaccharides during the first 50 days of life can increase the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacterial species in the gut microbiota, potentially leading to anti-inflammatory effects on regulatory immunity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Elif Sakarya, Nazli Tunca Sanlier, Nevin Sanlier
Summary: The intestinal microbiota begins to form in the mother's womb and undergoes changes influenced by various factors. It plays a crucial role in immune system maturation and the prevention of diseases throughout different stages of life. Nutrition is a key factor in the development of the microbiota in infants after birth, with breast milk oligosaccharides playing a vital role. Breastfed infants have a higher number of Bifidobacterium species and lower diversity, which is considered protective. Dysbiosis in the microbiota can have adverse effects on health, but human milk oligosaccharides and short-chain fatty acids resulting from their digestion have protective effects. Another component, HM glycoproteins, also shape the gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of breast milk on microbiota development and present the findings from a literature review.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Yudie Yang, Xiaoqi Li, Ying Yang, Saeed Shoaie, Cheng Zhang, Boyang Ji, Yongjun Wei
Summary: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common food allergy in infants and young children, with links to diet, gut microbiota, and interactions between them. Understanding the potential molecular mechanisms of CMPA, including how microbiota can be modulated for treatment, may lead to improved quality of life for CMPA patients in the future.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Daniela Mollova, Tonka Vasileva, Veselin Bivolarski, Ilia Iliev
Summary: Breast milk is important for newborns as it provides essential nutrients and beneficial bacteria. This study focuses on the enzymatic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and prebiotics present in breast milk by the bacteria. The researchers isolated and identified lactobacillus fermentum as the main bacteria involved in this process, and found that breast milk oligosaccharides are potent inducers of bacterial enzyme secretion.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiang Li, Shaoqiang Zhang, Gang Guo, Jing Han, Jun Yu
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in cancer and cancer therapy. Individual variations in the gut microbiota may explain the heterogeneity in immune responses to immunotherapy. Understanding the functional role of the gut microbiome in regulating immunity and cancer is essential for precision medicine. Modifying the microbiota can enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alexandra Lundquist, Brent A. McBride, Sharon M. Donovan, Maris Wszalek
Summary: This study aimed to understand and describe the perceptions of first-time mothers with prenatal intentions to breastfeed and utilize childcare, of paternal support for the breastfeeding experience. The findings suggest that the breastfeeding experience of first-time mothers is shaped by the actions, behaviors, and beliefs of their partners, and that there is a lack of knowledge on how to optimally involve fathers in breastfeeding.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ruchir M. Agrawal, Michael J. Miller, Vijay Singh, Hans H. Stein, Pawan S. Takhar
Summary: This study developed a novel process to concentrate soy protein from defatted soy flour by hydrolyzing carbohydrates and fermenting them into ethanol using enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The process successfully produced a high-protein soy protein concentrate with reduced insoluble carbohydrates and increased total polyphenol concentration. The coproduct ethanol was also obtained.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Victoria C. Daniels, Marcia H. Monaco, Mei Wang, Johanna Hirvonen, Henrik Max Jensen, Arthur C. Ouwehand, Ratna Mukherjea, Ryan N. Dilger, Sharon M. Donovan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of supplementing piglet formula with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26) on piglet growth and intestinal development. The results showed that the addition of 2'-FL and/or Bi-26 supported piglet growth without detrimental effects on body weight, organ weight, or intestinal structure and function.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luis A. Moreno, Rosan Meyer, Sharon M. Donovan, Olivier Goulet, Jess Haines, Frans J. Kok, Pieter van't Veer
Summary: Flexitarian and territorial diversified diets (TDDs) offer an optimal balance between human and planetary health, reducing the risk of nutritional deficiencies and noncommunicable diseases while being more sustainable than traditional plant-based diets.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessie L. Ellis, Mei Wang, Xueyan Fu, Christopher J. Fields, Sharon M. Donovan, Sarah L. Booth
Summary: Infants have low stores of vitamin K at birth, with breast milk containing much lower levels of vitamin K compared to formula milk. The mode of delivery also influences the total vitamin K in infants, with vaginally delivered infants having higher levels. In conclusion, feeding practices and delivery modes play a significant role in bacterial vitamin K production in the infant gut.
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jiyong Shin, Michael Miller, Yi-Cheng Wang
Summary: This review introduces the application and potential of CRISPR technology in the field of food safety and discusses the current limitations and possible improvements.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anqi Zhao, Elizabeth H. Jeffery, Michael J. Miller
Summary: The inclusion of brassica vegetables in the diet has been found to have numerous health benefits, including prevention of cancer, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, clinical studies often show variations in results, possibly due to differences in commensal bacterial composition among individuals.
Article
Microbiology
Erin C. Davis, Mei Wang, Sharon M. Donovan
Summary: This study examines the relationships among the microbiota of feces, oral cavity, breast skin, and human milk in exclusively breastfeeding and mixed-feeding mother-infant pairs. The results show that mixed-feeding infants have a more diverse oral microbiome, with differences in the abundance of specific bacteria. Breast skin and infant saliva are identified as the main sources of the human milk microbiota. Additionally, significant co-occurrence relationships between bacteria in human milk and other maternal and infant body sites are found.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Igor Splichal, Sharon M. Donovan, Zdislava Kindlova, Zbynek Stranak, Vera Neuzil Bunesova, Marek Sinkora, Katerina Polakova, Barbora Valaskova, Alla Splichalova
Summary: Gnotobiotic animals with defined microbiota were used to study host-microbiota and microbiota-microbiota interferences. Preterm germ-free piglets were mono-associated with probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB12) to prevent the consequences of Salmonella Typhimurium infection. BB12 partially ameliorated the inflammatory response to LT2 infection by preserving goblet cell density in the colon and decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers in the jejunum, ileum, colon, and plasma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tianying Cai, Carolyn Sutter, Sharon M. Donovan, Barbara H. Fiese
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between mother-infant sleep duration for the first 2 years of life, whether this relationship changes over time, and the factors influencing this relationship. The parents of 464 infants provided sleep duration and health information at 3, 12, 18, and 24 months postpartum. The findings showed two sleep profiles (low maternal sleep and average maternal sleep) and a transition from low to average sleep profile after 12 months. The study highlights the importance of establishing healthy sleep routines for mothers and infants in the first year to promote long-term sleep hygiene.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuting Fan, Arden L. McMath, Sharon M. Donovan
Summary: This review examines the impact of milk oligosaccharides (MOS) on brain and neurocognitive development in early life, synthesizing current literature from preclinical models and human observational studies. The study found that fucosylated and sialylated milk oligosaccharides play crucial roles in learning, memory, executive functioning, and brain structural development. However, limitations were identified, such as overlooking the complexity of naturally occurring MOS compositions and challenges in quantifying MOS intake in human studies.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Breanna N. Metras, Patricia M. Oba, Michael J. Miller, Kelly S. Swanson
Summary: This study examined the effects of commercial and traditional kefir on digestibility, fecal characteristics, microbiota populations, metabolite and immunoglobulin concentrations in healthy adult dogs. The results showed that kefir had some effects on fecal microbiota populations and metabolite concentrations in healthy adult dogs, but did not affect digestibility, fecal characteristics, or fecal IgA concentrations.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xuanbo Liu, Luis Alberto Ibarra-Sanchez, Michael J. Miller, Youngsoo Lee
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of modified starch on the stability of zein nanoparticles formed using a microfluidic chip and to assess the antimicrobial activity of nisin encapsulated in zein-OSA starch nanoparticle complexes. The results showed that the addition of OSA starch improved the stability of the zein nanoparticles and increased the encapsulation efficiency and antimicrobial activity of nisin.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
