Morphology and molecular evaluation of lphinoe spelaeobios gen. nov., sp nov and Loriellopsis cavemicola gen. nov., sp nov., two stigonematalean cyanobacteria from Greek and Spanish caves

Caves have generally been found to host phototrophic micro-organisms from various taxonomic groups, with cyanobacteria comprising an important group that have adapted to these stable and highly specific environments. A polyphasic study based on aspects of classical morphology and molecular data revealed two new monospecific genera from fresh material of Greek and Spanish caves. Both taxa are characterized by obligatory true branching (T-type, V-type and false branching), the presence of heterocysts, and reproduction by hormocysts and akinetes. They shared some similarities in their morphological characteristics as revealed by light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, but phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two phylotypes were different (89.8% similarity); this represents an example of shared morphology in genetically different strains of cave-adapted species. Phenotypic and genetic traits strongly support classification of the phylotypes as independent taxa in the order Stigonematales (the most differentiated and complicated group of cyanobacteria), family Loriellaceae Geitl 1925. Hence, the names lphinoe spelaeobios Lamprinou and Pantazidou gen. nov., sp. nov. and Loriellopsis cavernicola Hernandez-Marine and Canals gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed.