Shewanella fodinae sp nov., isolated from a coal mine and from a marine lagoon

Strains JC15(T) and JC19 were isolated from samples collected from different locations in India, including a coal mine and a marine lagoon. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative rods, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and hydrolysed casein, produced H2S and showed beta-haemolysis. Strain JC15(T) grew optimally at pH 6 (range pH 5- 8) while strain JC19 grew optimally at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and both had a growth temperature optimum of 30-37 degrees C (range 22-40 degrees C). Both strains could grow chemoorganoheterotrophically and chemolithoautotrophically. Neither strain required NaCl for growth and both could tolerate up to 9% (w/v) NaCl, with optimum growth at 5% NaCl. Vitamin B-12 was required as a growth factor by both strains. The major fatty acids were iso-C-15:0, C-17:1 omega 8c and iso-C-13:0 3-OH. The DNA G+C contents of strains JC15(T) and JC19 were 53.6 and 54.3 mol%, respectively. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains JC15(T) and JC19 were most closely related to Shewanella haliotis DWO1(T) (approximately 94% sequence similarity) and to other members of the genus Shewanella. Genomic relatedness (DNA-DNA hybridization) between strains JC15(T) and JC19 is 88%. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular genetic evidence, strain JC15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella fodinae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC15(T) (=CCUG 57102(T) =NBRC 105216(T) =KCTC 22506(T)).