Article
Sport Sciences
Kate M. Luckin, Claire E. Badenhorst, Ashley J. Cripps, Grant J. Landers, Robert J. Merrells, Max K. Bulsara, Gerard F. Hoyne
Summary: The study aimed to identify barriers faced by long-distance triathletes in completing concurrent strength training and endurance training, with findings showing that time constraints and lack of knowledge on exercise progression and form are the main perceived obstacles.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Roberto Cejuela, Sergio Selles-Perez
Summary: This study provides a case study analysis of training and performance characteristics of two male elite triathletes over multiple seasons. The findings show that the athletes improved their performance over the seasons by increasing training load, improving physiological variables, and gaining experience in international events.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Olli-Pekka Nuuttila, Ari Nummela, Elisa Korhonen, Keijo Hakkinen, Heikki Kyrolainen
Summary: Individualized endurance training appears to be more effective in improving endurance performance compared to predefined training programs. Individualized training increases the likelihood of high responders and decreases the occurrence of low responders to endurance training.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez, Domingo Jesus Ramos-Campo, Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera, Jose A. Parraca, Nuno Batalha
Summary: The adherence to reverse periodization was significantly higher than traditional and free training, with similar dropout rates between reverse and traditional periodization but lower than free training. None of the periodization programs improved aerobic performance, and reverse training periodization decreased participants' heart rate in a 1000 m running test.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Roberto Cejuela, Sergio Selles-Perez
Summary: This study reports on the training program of a world-class male triathlete preparing for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. The study finds that the intensity distribution pattern of the training varies throughout the macrocycle, resulting in a successful performance by the athlete in the competition.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
John O. Osborne, Guro S. Solli, Tina P. Engseth, Boye Welde, Bente Morseth, Dionne A. Noordhof, Oyvind Sandbakk, Erik P. Andersson
Summary: This study describes and compares the annual physical training characteristics between Norwegian female cross-country skiers and biathletes across competition levels and age categories. The results show that XC skiers have a higher total training volume compared to biathletes, likely due to the different demands of the two sports. Biathletes compensate with a higher proportion of ski training, particularly in the skating technique.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Nicki Winfield Almquist, Hanne Berg Eriksen, Malene Wilhelmsen, Havard Hamarsland, Steven Ing, Stian Ellefsen, Oyvind Sandbakk, Bent R. Ronnestad, Knut Skovereng
Summary: This study compared the effects of load-matched block periodization and traditional periodization on trained cyclists. The results showed no difference in performance and muscular adaptations between the two training methods, but differences were found in hematological and muscle capillary adaptations.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Thomas Haugen, Oyvind Sandbakk, Stephen Seiler, Espen Tonnessen
Summary: This review integrates scientific literature and practical results to propose a novel framework for understanding the training and development of elite long-distance runners. The study found differences in running distance, intensity distribution, and altitude training between marathon and track runners. Additionally, tapering techniques and the impact of altitude training on performance were discussed.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kasper Degn Gejl, Lars Nybo
Summary: Endurance athletes typically consume carbohydrate-rich diets for optimal performance, but low muscle glycogen during training or recovery can stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic adaptations. Periodized CHO restriction may not enhance performance in highly adapted endurance athletes, as suggested by training studies with limited CHO availability.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Olli-Pekka Nuuttila, Ari Nummela, Heikki Kyrolainen, Jari Laukkanen, Keijo Hakkinen
Summary: This study compared the physiological, perceptual, and performance responses to increased training load between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and low-intensity training (LIT). The results showed that both HIIT and LIT blocks improved endurance performance in a short period, but HIIT training may lead to increased muscle soreness and decreased parasympathetic activity.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Yuri Campos, Arturo Casado, Joao Guilherme Vieira, Miller Guimaraes, Leandro Sant'Ana, Luis Leitao, Sandro Fernandes da Silva, Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de Azevedo, Jeferson Vianna, Raul Dominguez
Summary: The combination of high-volume low-intensity training and low-volume high-intensity interval training is necessary to optimize endurance training adaptations in middle- and long-distance runners. Monitoring training using multiple objective and subjective quantification methods can help coaches and researchers make better decisions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Rafaella Sinisgalli, Claudio A. B. de Lira, Rodrigo L. Vancini, Paulo J. G. Puccinelli, Lee Hill, Beat Knechtle, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Marilia S. Andrade
Summary: The study found that high-volume training may not have a positive impact on performance compared to lower volumes, while athletes with previous experience in Ironman races performed better in swimming splits and overall race time. Symptoms of overtraining, such as unintentional weight loss and decreased performance, negatively impacted triathlon performance.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xuedan Tan, Natalie Rogers, Nancy Brown, Melanie MacDonald, Amy-Lee Bowler, Gregory R. Cox
Summary: This study demonstrates that a remotely delivered nutrition education program can improve sports nutrition knowledge and dietary intake in junior elite triathletes. Male athletes had higher energy intake than females. Following the nutrition education, carbohydrate intake at breakfast and the daily intakes of fruit, dairy, and calcium increased.
Article
Sport Sciences
Melanie Lesinski, Olaf Prieske, Helmi Chaabene, Urs Granacher
Summary: The study found that strength endurance training performed better in ventral Bourban and T-test performances, while power training performed better in 1RM leg press, jump, sprint, and speed performances. The abstract also emphasizes the principle of training specificity and recommends the implementation of SET and PT in young female elite soccer players according to the respective training periods.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Thomas Haugen, Oyvind Sandbakk, Eystein Enoksen, Stephen Seiler, Espen Tonnessen
Summary: This review integrates scientific and best practice literature to outline a framework for understanding the training and development of elite middle-distance performance, highlighting differences in training characteristics and physiological profiles among different types of middle-distance runners.
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Gregoire P. Millet, Stephen Seiler, Guillaume Y. Millet
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Carl Foster, Renato Barroso, Ralph Beneke, Daniel Bok, Daniel Boullosa, Arturo Casado, Karim Chamari, Cristina Cortis, Jos de Koning, Andrea Fusco, Thomas Haugen, Alejandro Lucia, Inigo Mujika, David Pyne, Jose A. Rodriguez-Marroyo, Oyvind Sandbakk, Stephen Seiler
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sergio Selles-Perez, Lara Eza-Casajus, Jose Fernandez-Saez, Miguel Martinez-Moreno, Roberto Cejuela
Summary: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of participants in popular races, mostly comprising of amateur runners. It has been observed that a significant percentage of these runners tend to get injured, with some of these injuries potentially associated with a low stride frequency. This research aimed to determine if a continuous running training program, coupled with music, could improve the stride frequency of recreational runners. The findings showed that training with music feedback helped to enhance stride frequency in these runners.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Iker Munoz-Perez, Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Marcos Mecias-Calvo, Arturo Casado
Summary: This study compares pacing and packing behaviors between genders and performance levels in the Berlin marathon races. The results show that male performances with even pacing behavior are faster than those with positive behavior. Female runners decrease their speed less than males during the second half of the race.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Miguel Angel Galan-Rioja, Jose Maria Gonzalez-Rave, Fernando Gonzalez-Mohino, Stephen Seiler
Summary: A well-planned periodized approach helps road cyclists achieve peak performance during important competitions. Both block and traditional periodization training can improve maximum oxygen uptake, peak aerobic power, and lactate thresholds, while a day-by-day programming approach can improve maximum oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Oyvind Sandbakk, Mark Burnley, James Hopker, Athanasios Pappous, Samuele Maria Marcora, Gary Brickley
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Iker Munoz-Perez, Adrian Varela-Sanz, Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Ruben Navarro-Paton, Marcos Mecias-Calvo
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the autonomic nervous system activity and muscle activation status before and after a trail running competition. The results showed that participants experienced fatigue before the competition and required 20-30 minutes for muscular recovery. These findings indicate that training periodization and tapering strategies can reduce pre-competition fatigue status.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Diego Moreno-Perez, Alvaro Lopez-Samanes, Mar Larrosa, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Aitor Centeno, Justin Roberts, Fernando Naclerio
Summary: This study compared the effects of ingesting a combined protein-carbohydrate supplement vs. a carbohydrate-only supplement on immune inflammation markers in endurance athletes after a 10-week periodized training program. The results showed that ingesting a protein-carbohydrate combined supplement promoted a more favorable immune status compared to carbohydrate-only ingestion.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Oyvind Sandbakk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Manuel Mosqueira-Ourens, Iker Munoz-Perez, Jose Luis Tuimil, Martin Saleta-Cobos, Adrian Varela-Sanz
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the initial foot contact and contact time in experienced endurance runners at individualized speeds, in running shoes and barefoot. The results suggest that runners with higher performance may benefit from training in minimalist running shoes because their foot contact pattern could tend towards a non-rearfoot strike.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Oyvind Sandbakk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Oyvind Sandbakk, David B. Pyne, Kerry McGawley, Carl Foster, Rune Kjosen Talsnes, Guro Strom Solli, Gregoire P. Millet, Stephen Seiler, Paul B. Laursen, Thomas Haugen, Espen Tonnessen, Randy Wilber, Teun van Erp, Trent Stellingwerff, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Silvana Bucher Sandbakk
Summary: This commentary provides insights into current and future trends in world-class endurance training, focusing on the accessibility of scientific knowledge for coaches and athletes, integration of practical and scientific exchange, and utilization of new technological advances. Future improvements are expected in the extensive use of advanced technology for monitoring and prescribing training and recovery, more precise use of environmental and nutritional interventions, better understanding of athlete-equipment interactions, and greater emphasis on injury and illness prevention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Roberto Cejuela, Sergio Selles-Perez
Summary: This study provides a case study analysis of training and performance characteristics of two male elite triathletes over multiple seasons. The findings show that the athletes improved their performance over the seasons by increasing training load, improving physiological variables, and gaining experience in international events.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria C. Rodriguez-Jimenez, David Perez Jorge, Ana I. Gonzalez-Contreras, Eneko Larumbe Zabala
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the education sector, requiring students, families, and teachers to adapt to a new reality. This particularly affects students with special educational needs. This study developed and validated a questionnaire to assess the impact of online training on teachers of these students, demonstrating good validity and reliability. The questionnaire can be used to evaluate the effects of educational interventions involving technology and can be adapted to similar situations or educational settings.
Article
Sport Sciences
Adne Ausland, Edvard Liljedahl Sandberg, Jarle Jortveit, Stephen Seiler
Summary: The ECG247 Smart Heart Sensor showed high quality ECG monitoring with good usability in elite athletes, with no false negative events detected in over 1,800 hours of ECG collection.
FRONTIERS IN SPORTS AND ACTIVE LIVING
(2022)