Review
Environmental Sciences
Negin Nazarian, Jason K. W. Lee
Summary: To address the challenges of urban heat, a 'human-centric' approach is essential, focusing on personalized characteristics of comfort and health. Current research emphasizes systematic review of personalized urban heat studies, with a need for future evaluations to focus on data accuracy and addressing knowledge gaps.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marc T. Freeman, Zenon J. Czenze, Keegan Schoeman, Andrew E. McKechnie
Summary: Avian maximum tolerable body temperature (T(b)max) may have evolved in response to climate conditions, with higher T(b)max in birds inhabiting humid lowland habitats and lower T(b)max in desert birds.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Karike Olivier, Lauren A. Reinders, Michael W. Clarke, Rachael C. Crew, Gavin Pereira, Shane K. Maloney, Caitlin S. Wyrwoll
Summary: This study highlighted the direct effects of temperature conditions on pregnancy health, showing that maternal responses to heat exposure can impact fetal development and restrict placental growth. Additionally, differences in food intake and nesting behavior during pregnancy between standard housing and thermoneutral zone conditions emphasize the need for caution when extrapolating from animal models to humans.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Camilla Soravia, Benjamin J. Ashton, Amanda R. Ridley
Summary: With increasing global temperatures, it is crucial to study how wild animals respond to heat. Thermal imaging of the eye region provides a non-invasive method to measure temperature and understand thermoregulation and stress responses. However, there is limited knowledge about eye region temperature regulation and individual differences.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Caroline Maloney, Vincent Careau
Summary: In many endotherms, using heat generated by active skeletal muscles to replace thermogenesis is an important energy-saving mechanism. This study found individual variation in the extent of substitution, with body length and heart mass positively correlated and surface area negatively correlated with substitution.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jinping Zhao, Faming Wang, Dengsong Ou, Binkan Zhou, Yuguo Li, Hanqing Wang, Qihong Deng
Summary: Through a simulated experiment of footbath, it was found that the skin temperature would increase while the core temperature would decrease after footbath. The higher the water temperature and the longer the footbath duration, the longer the core temperature would stay lower. The onset of sweating was inversely proportional to the water temperature. A relationship curve between sweating onset time and water temperature has been established to determine the optimal footbath conditions, which may facilitate sleep onset.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Hidenori Otani
Summary: This study investigated the effects of prior heat exposure on upper-body endurance work capacity and maximal isokinetic arm and leg strength in young men. The results showed that prior heat exposure led to an increase in body temperature, resulting in a shorter time to exhaustion and decreased muscle strength. Workers should be cautious about the impact of heat exposure on their endurance and strength before engaging in manual labor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanqiu Ou, Eleni A. Papadopoulos, Sarah C. Fisher, Marilyn L. Browne, Ziqiang Lin, Aida Soim, Yi Lu, Scott Sheridan, Jennita Reefhuis, Peter H. Langlois, Paul A. Romitti, Erin M. Bell, Marcia L. Feldkamp, Sadia Malik, Shao Lin, Natl Birth Defects Prevent Study
Summary: This study explored whether medications related to thermoregulation modified the associations between maternal exposure to extreme heat events (EHEs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring. The findings suggest that while overall there was no significant interaction, medications altering central thermoregulation did significantly modify the association between EHEs and CHDs in the Southwest region of the United States.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Teun Uijtdewilligen, Mehmet Baran Ulak, Gert Jan Wijlhuizen, Frits Bijleveld, Atze Dijkstra, Karst T. Geurs
Summary: This study examines the impact of network-wide exposure to cyclists and motorised vehicles on bicycle crash frequency in Utrecht, a Dutch cycling capital. The results show that increasing exposure to motorised vehicles, and to a lesser extent, exposure to cyclists, increases the number of bicycle crashes on 50 km/h roads. For 30 km/h roads, no significant relationship between exposure to cyclists and bicycle crashes was found. Moreover, cyclist crashes on 30 km/h roads are less affected by an increase in exposure to motorised vehicles compared to 50 km/h roads. The study highlights the need for further improvements in road safety for cyclists.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Erik Svensson, Mads F. Schou, Julian Melgar, John Waller, Anel Engelbrecht, Zanell Brand, Schalk Cloete, Charlie K. Cornwallis
Summary: This study investigates the thermoregulatory capacity of ostriches and finds that females with better regulation of head temperatures have higher egg-laying rates under hotter conditions. The study also reveals that thermoregulatory capacity is heritable and shows signs of local adaptation to temperature fluctuations. These findings suggest that thermoregulation in ostriches has evolved in response to past climatic conditions and is currently under selection through its effect on reproduction.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emmanouela Karameta, Ioanna Gavriilidi, Spyros Sfenthourakis, Panayiotis Pafilis
Summary: This study investigates the seasonal variations in thermoregulation efficiency and behavior of a lizard population on Naxos Island, Greece. The results show that seasonal fluctuations significantly influence the ability of lizards to regulate their body temperature, with summer being the most favorable and autumn being the least favorable. Lizards adjust their thermal preferences and thermoregulation efficiency depending on the challenges of each season, maintaining stable body temperatures.
Article
Ergonomics
Kevin Gildea, Daniel Hall, Ciaran Simms
Summary: The study highlights the underreporting of lower severity cycling collisions and single cyclist collisions, using self-reported survey data from Ireland to provide detailed information on these often overlooked incidents. This research emphasizes the importance of including these underreported collision types in cyclist safety priorities for a more comprehensive analysis.
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mario A. Hernandez, Omar Ramirez, John A. Benavides, Juan F. Franco
Summary: The study evaluated cyclist exposure to particle-related air pollution on selected bicycle lanes in Bogota, finding that pollution is mainly influenced by traffic emissions, highlighting the importance of considering air quality in urban planning and cycling infrastructure implementation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
E. A. Riddell, K. J. Iknayan, L. Hargrove, S. Tremor, J. L. Patton, R. Ramirez, B. O. Wolf, S. R. Beissinger
Summary: The study found that small mammal communities in the Mojave Desert remained relatively stable, while bird populations declined significantly in response to warming and drying. This difference in response may be attributed to the different microhabitat use of birds and mammals.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanwen Cao, Zilong Lu, Jie Chu, Xiaohui Xu, Zhonghui Zhao, Mengjie Geng, Gongbo Chen, Kejia Hu, Jingjing Xia, Qiyong Liu, Qi Zhao, Tamara Schikowski, Jixiang Ma, Wei Ma
Summary: This study aimed to explore the intraseasonal variation of the association between heat exposure and mortality risk during the warm season in Shandong province. The results showed a J-shaped association between ambient warm temperature and mortality risk during the warm season, with a greater impact of extreme heat in the early warm season. Females, elderly aged over 75 years, individuals with junior high school education or lower, and cardiorespiratory patients were more susceptible to heat exposure compared to other population subgroups. Therefore, it is important to develop health promotion strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of early heat.
Article
Sport Sciences
Israel Halperin, Dale W. Chapman, Kevin G. Thompson, Chris Abbiss
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Natalie Frost, Michael Weinborn, Gilles E. Gignac, Shaun Markovic, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Ralph N. Martins, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Belinda M. Brown
JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2019)
Article
Sport Sciences
Nicole Gordon, Chris R. Abbiss, Andrew J. Maiorana, Jeremiah J. Peiffer
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Sport Sciences
Paul F. J. Merkes, Paolo Menaspa, Chris R. Abbiss
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2020)
Article
Sport Sciences
Chantelle du Plessis, Anthony J. Blazevich, Chris Abbiss, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Sport Sciences
Craig W. Pickett, Chris Abbiss, James Zois, Anthony J. Blazevich
Summary: The study indicates that faster rates of acceleration and the ability to exhibit greater stroke lengths at relatively high stroke rates are determinants of 200-m kayak race performance.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Nathan D. W. Smith, Brendan R. R. Scott, Olivier Girard, Jeremiah J. J. Peiffer
Summary: Aerobic training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has potential benefits for endurance athletes, including improved physiological capacities and performance. However, implementing BFR training for endurance athletes requires additional considerations compared to non-endurance athletes.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Nathan D. W. Smith, Olivier Girard, Brendan R. Scott, Jeremiah J. Peiffer
Summary: This study examined the effects of blood flow restriction on cardiovascular, perceptual, and neuromuscular fatigue during and after cycling intervals. The results showed that blood flow restriction reduced the mechanical and cardiovascular demands of the intervals, without affecting perception of fatigue or neuromuscular characteristics.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Shannon Connolly, Peter Peeling, Martyn J. Binnie, Paul S. R. Goods, Anthony J. Blazevich, Wouter P. Timmerman, Chris R. Abbiss
Summary: This study examined the magnitude and reliability of rate of torque development (RTD) during a cycling sprint with altered resistance, duration, and pedal downstroke. The results suggest that the average of downstrokes 2 and 3 during a 5-second sprint with heavy or very heavy resistance is the most reliable measurement of RTD in sprint cyclists.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Paige E. Rice, Sophia Nimphius, Chris Abbiss, Kevin A. Zwetsloot, Kiisa Nishikawa
Summary: This investigation demonstrates the assessment of muscle fiber mechanics using micro-biopsies obtained from human medial gastrocnemii. The peak stress and steady-state stress of the muscle fibers were influenced by stretching velocity and fiber length.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Thomas P. Walden, Olivier Girard, Brendan R. Scott, Andrew M. Jonson, Jeremiah J. Peiffer
Summary: This study investigated whether walking with blood flow restriction (BFR) can increase cardio-respiratory demands and serve as an alternative to jogging. The results showed that moderate-intensity BFR walking induced the highest cardio-respiratory and perceptual responses compared to other walking sessions. However, jogging elicited higher cardio-respiratory measures than moderate-intensity BFR walking, except for systolic blood pressure. Perceptual measures were higher during moderate-intensity BFR walking compared to jogging. Overall, BFR walking does not seem to provide an equivalent exercise modality for unrestricted jogging in physically active adults.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Nathan D. W. Smith, Chris R. Abbiss, Olivier Girard, Brendan R. Scott, Jeremiah J. Peiffer
Summary: This study investigated the influence of blood-flow restriction (BFR) on the distribution of pace, physiological demands, and perceptual responses during self-paced cycling. The results showed that trained cyclists adopted a more even distribution of pace when BFR was applied compared with a negative distribution without restriction. This study provides a useful tool to understand how the distribution of pace is self-regulated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sean K. Mansfield, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Brook Galna, Brendan R. Scott
Summary: This study assessed the reliability of mean concentric bar velocity from 3- to 0-repetitions in reserve (RIR) across different exercises and loads. The study found that the reliability of mean concentric velocity of RIR values varied across sets and exercises, and the velocity of specific RIR values varied across exercises, loads, and sets.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
