Article
Sport Sciences
G. A. K. U. KAKEHATA, Y. U. T. A. GOTO, S. H. I. G. E. O. ISO, K. A. Z. U. Y. U. K. KANOSUE
Summary: This study aimed to examine the timing of electromyography activity and spatiotemporal variables in the different phases of the 100-m dash. The results showed that in the deceleration phase, running speed and step frequency decreased, and the timing of the rectus femoris and biceps femoris activities lagged compared to the maximal speed phase. Additionally, the time difference between the swing leg and contact leg muscle activities increased in the deceleration phase.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Gertjan Ettema
Summary: This commentary argues against the use of force-velocity profiling in designing sprint training programs, stating that it does not provide new information about sprint performance and cannot change an athlete's maximal capacities. The idea that force and velocity capacities can be altered through targeted training to achieve an optimal ratio is unfounded.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Carl Foster, Brian Hanley, Renato Barroso, Daniel Boullosa, Arturo Casado, Thomas Haugen, Florentina J. Hettinga, Andrew M. Jones, Andrew Renfree, Philip Skiba, Alan St Clair Gibson, Christian Thiel, Jos J. de Koning
Summary: This study examines the evolution of performance and pacing in the men's Olympic 1500-m running track final from 1924 to 2020. The results show that performance has improved over time, with changes in pacing patterns. The eventual winners tend to stay near the front throughout the race, but rarely in the leading position. The increase in critical speed and D' parallels the improvement in performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Stephane Bermon
Summary: Over the past 50 years, the focus of running shoe development has been on improving protection and comfort. However, recently, shoes have become a tool to enhance athletic performance, with advanced footwear technology leading to significant improvements in distance running performance.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Robert Miller, Thomas G. Balshaw, Garry J. Massey, Sumiaki Maeo, Marcel B. Lanza, Michael Johnston, Sam J. Allen, Jonathan P. Folland
Summary: This study investigated the differences in muscle volumes and strength between male elite sprinters, sub-elite sprinters, and untrained controls. The findings suggest that greater hip extensor and gluteus maximus volumes discriminate between elite and sub-elite sprinters and are strongly associated with sprinting performance. The study also found that isometric strength of some muscle groups did not have a significant impact on sprint performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jerome Perez, Gael Guilhem, Franck Brocherie
Summary: This study compared the determination of skating force-velocity relationships using different loaded conditions or single unloaded sprint measurements. The results showed that both the multiple loaded and single unloaded methods were comparable in determining force-velocity relationships during forward on-ice skating sprints, but there were significant levels of error between the two methods.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Brett S. Kirby, Brad J. Winn, Brad W. Wilkins, Andrew M. Jones
Summary: The best possible finishing time of a runner in distance track events depends on their critical speed (CS) and the finite energy that can be expended above CS. The interaction between pacing strategies, initial CS, and D' balance predicts final race finishing positions. The D' balance model accurately predicts finishing positions in both slow and fast races, highlighting the impact of pacing strategy on race outcomes.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luca Russo, Eleonora Montagnani, Daniel Buttari, Luca Paolo Ardigo, Ionel Melenco, Alin Larion, Gian Mario Migliaccio, Johnny Padulo
Summary: This case study investigated the kinematics, kinetics, and plantar pressures of an Olympic running athlete using two different types of shoes. The results showed that the super spikes shoe increased contact time, vertical impact, and swing force, while reducing foot-strike type and vertical ground reaction force rate. Additionally, there was a more symmetrical load distribution between the left and right feet with the super spikes shoe.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Evan D. Crotty, Kevin Hayes, Andrew J. Harrison
Summary: This study examined the impact of electromechanical delay (EMD) in the triceps surae muscle on sprint start performance and found that certain sprinters gain an advantage in response time.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Christopher R. Meng, David J. Stearne
Summary: Thigh angular acceleration is crucial in running performance, and a simple method introduced in the study can model the maximum thigh angular acceleration effectively. The model's alpha(max) was found to be highly correlated with top running speed.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kenneth P. Clark
Summary: This study explores the effects of body dimensions on mechanical determinants of sprinting performance using fundamental kinematic and kinetic relationships. The research highlights the inherent biological tradeoffs and emphasizes the importance of considering leg length in interpreting the relationship between mechanical variables and sprinting speed. The framework proposed in the study could help athletes with specific body dimensions and sprinting performance goals establish minimum requirements for maximum velocity.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Physiology
James J. Wild, Ian N. Bezodis, Jamie S. North, Neil E. Bezodis
Summary: This study aims to quantify the within-individual relationships between spatiotemporal variables and initial acceleration sprint performance in elite rugby backs and establish a normative data set of relevant strength-based measures. The results show that there are meaningful within-individual relationships between sprint spatiotemporal variables and initial acceleration performance in elite rugby backs. Therefore, individualized approaches are necessary to understand how aspects of technique relate to initial acceleration performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Teppei Matsumura, Keigo Tomoo, Takeshi Sugimoto, Hayato Tsukamoto, Yasushi Shinohara, Mitsuo Otsuka, Takeshi Hashimoto
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of caffeine supplementation on 100-m sprint running and its overall ergogenicity. The results showed that caffeine supplementation significantly reduced the 100-m sprint time and the sprint time up to 60 m. Additionally, caffeine supplementation increased the mean sprint velocity for the 0-10 and 10-20 m splits.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alejandro Lopez-Valenciano, Victor Moreno-Perez, Roberto Lopez-Del Campo, Ricardo Resta, Juan Del Coso
Summary: The introduction of the five-substitution option in professional football teams increased the number of substitutions per match but did not change the timing of the first substitution. However, it led to higher running distances at higher speeds (21.0-23.9 km/h and >= 24.0 km/h) and was associated with increased running performance by starting players rather than substitutes. This option allowed team coaches to better manage players' physical load and enhance their running performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
James J. Wild, Ian N. Bezodis, Jamie S. North, Neil E. Bezodis
Summary: This study implemented individual-specific sprint acceleration training interventions in elite male rugby backs over an 18-week period. The effectiveness of these interventions was evaluated based on predetermined individual technical needs. The results showed that individual-specific interventions had meaningful changes in technique and improvements in initial acceleration performance compared to the control participants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Oliver Hurst, Liam P. Kilduff, Michael Johnston, John B. Cronin, Neil E. Bezodis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of thigh and shank loading on sprint performance and found that both led to small reductions in sprint velocity. Thigh loading resulted in a small reduction in peak hip flexion angle during swing, while shank loading led to a small increase in peak biceps femoris muscle-tendon unit length.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Erin H. Feser, Jono Neville, Neil Bezodis, Paul Macadam, Aaron M. Uthoff, Ryu Nagahara, Farhan Tinwala, John B. Cronin
Summary: Wearable resistance training on the lower limbs does not significantly affect contact times during sprint running, but does show significant differences in ground reaction force in the anterior-posterior direction. This suggests that practitioners can use shank wearable resistance training with loads <= 2% body mass without worrying about increased risk of injurious impact forces.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alexandra C. Atack, Grant Trewartha, Neil E. Bezodis
Summary: The study revealed that a kicker's lower limb strength and body motion significantly influence their range, particularly body position and center-of-mass height during kicking. This emphasizes the importance of considering a kicker's physical characteristics and three-dimensional motion to understand kicking range.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
James J. Wild, Ian N. Bezodis, Jamie S. North, Neil E. Bezodis
Summary: This study examined the technique strategies and performance implications of professional rugby players during sprint acceleration. While significant differences in sprint kinematic and strength qualities were found between groups, there were no significant between-group differences in acceleration performance, pointing towards potential inter-athlete technique degeneracy.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andrew Claypole, James Claypole, Neil Bezodis, Liam Kilduff, David Gethin, Tim Claypole
Summary: The study demonstrates an innovative screen-printed Nanocarbon heater that is robust and flexible, capable of uniform heating. The device has low thermal inertia and rapid temperature response, reaching desired temperatures quickly. Screen printing can control the printed layer thickness, adjusting the heater performance.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Erin Feser, Kyle Lindley, Kenneth Clark, Neil Bezodis, Christian Korfist, John Cronin
Summary: This study compared the systematic bias and random error of variables obtained from a 1080 Sprint and a Stalker ATS II radar device. The results showed that the 1080 Sprint had higher systematic bias and random error, but it may still be acceptable in certain application contexts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Jorge Cortes Gutierrez, Sean Peter Walton, Neil Edward Bezodis
Summary: This study developed and evaluated a novel biofeedback system for sprint start, which effectively reduced deviation from the target angle in novice participants. The system offers potential for application in coaching and motor learning.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Valentina Cavedon, Neil Edward Bezodis, Marco Sandri, Mariola Pirlo, Carlo Zancanaro, Chiara Milanese
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between body dimensions and anteroposterior block distances on lower limb joint angles. It finds that lower limb length is associated with the front block-starting line distance, which in turn affects the front hip angle and kinetic variables during block clearance.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Byron J. Donaldson, Neil E. Bezodis, Helen Bayne
Summary: This study comprehensively describes inter- and intra-limb coordination during initial sprint acceleration and assesses changes and variation in coordination. Common coordination patterns were observed across sexes and performance levels, and distinct differences were found between the first step and subsequent steps.
Article
Sport Sciences
Valentina Cavedon, Neil Edward Bezodis, Marco Sandri, Silvia Golia, Carlo Zancanaro, Chiara Milanese
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of individual anthropometrics on set position posture during the sprint start. The results showed that shorter front block-starting line distances had a positive impact on sprint start performance.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Daniel King, Louise Burnie, Ryu Nagahara, Neil E. Bezodis
Summary: This study investigated the relationships between selected kinematic characteristics and force generation during the initial acceleration phase. The results showed that placing the stance foot further behind the body's center of mass and having a more anterior orientation of the foot and shank segments at touchdown were associated with higher force generation. Additionally, a greater ankle dorsiflexion range of motion during early stance was also related to higher force generation.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sam Jones, Hiroyuki Nunome, Simon Augustus, James C. A. Peacock, Kevin Ball, Neil E. Bezodis
Summary: Rugby Union place kicking is influential to match outcome. This study found that international kickers do not have significant preferences for different ball orientations. The experiment also showed that kickers have consistent lower limb kinematics and the impact location and duration are affected by ball orientation conditions, although it does not appear to affect impact efficiency.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Elena Seminati, Dario Cazzola, Grant Trewartha, Ezio Preatoni
Summary: Tackling in Rugby Union is associated with most match injuries, and new tackle regulations have been explored to reduce injuries, but limited quantitative evidence is available to inform any law changes. Using a novel tackle simulator, this study investigated upper body loading under different tackling conditions and found that impact load averages were higher at 0 degrees frontal approach compared with 90 degrees, with the highest impact force measured during dominant-side shoulder tackles at 0 degrees. Trunk resultant accelerations were also higher at 0 degrees compared with 90 degrees, and higher head lateral bending was observed when tackling with the non-dominant shoulder at 45 degrees and 90 degrees.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David G. King, Eleanor Stride, Jeewaka Mendis, William H. Gurton, Heather Macrae, Louise Jones, Julie Hunt
Summary: This study investigates the effect of an oxygen-nanobubble beverage on submaximal and repeated sprint cycling, and finds that it improves performance in both types of exercise. This beverage may be a practical and effective ergogenic aid for competitive cyclists.
JOURNAL OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
(2023)