Article
Oncology
Joris Mallard, Elyse Hucteau, Roland Schott, Philippe Trensz, Carole Pflumio, Michal Kalish-Weindling, Fabrice Favret, Xavier Pivot, Thomas J. J. Hureau, Allan F. F. Pagano
Summary: This study found that skeletal muscle deconditioning and reduced exercise capacity occur early during chemotherapy for breast cancer. These changes occur within the first 8 weeks of treatment and do not further decrease after chemotherapy. The study also showed that cancer-related fatigue and quality of life are impaired after the start of chemotherapy, while physical activity level remains stable.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Menno Henselmans, Thomas Bjornsen, Richie Hedderman, Fredrik Tonstad Varvik
Summary: The effect of carbohydrate intake on strength training performance has not been systematically analyzed. Acute supplementation and short-term manipulation did not show beneficial effects, while long-term manipulation had inconsistent results. Carbohydrate intake has minimal impact on workouts consisting of up to 10 sets per muscle group, but may benefit performance during higher intensity workouts. More research is needed for further validation.
Article
Oncology
Mehmet Fatih Sanver, Naciye Vardar Yagli, Melda Saglam, Haluk Tekerlek, Ebru Calik Kutukcu, Deniz Inal Ince, Saadettin Kilickap
Summary: The study found that respiratory muscle strength, maximal exercise capacity, and fatigue were adversely affected in colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer treatment may lead to loss of muscle strength, impaired energy metabolism, and oxygen transmission, resulting in decreased exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, and increased fatigue.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elzbieta Supruniuk, Jan Gorski, Adrian Chabowski
Summary: Muscle fatigue is a decrease in force or power due to exercise, and it is a risk factor for injuries. Exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which can affect muscle force production. Low concentrations of ROS/RNS, on the other hand, can upregulate cellular adaptative responses. Exogenous antioxidant supplementation might hinder the upregulation of signaling pathways and both high and low ROS concentrations can trigger beneficial responses within a certain range.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc Yehya, Doria Boulghobra, Pierre-Edouard Grillet, Pablo R. Fleitas-Paniagua, Patrice Bideaux, Sandrine Gayrard, Pierre Sicard, Jerome Thireau, Cyril Reboul, Olivier Cazorla
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four different natural extracts with recognized antioxidant properties on the contractile function of skeletal and cardiac muscles after prolonged exhausting exercise. The results showed that all natural extracts provided protection for both cardiac and skeletal muscles, with different degrees depending on muscle type and duration of recovery. These findings suggest that acute antioxidant supplementation can help protect against the toxic effects of prolonged exhausting exercise.
Article
Sport Sciences
Jeppe F. Vigh-Larsen, Niels Ortenblad, Joachim Nielsen, Ole Emil Andersen, Kristian Overgaard, Magni Mohr
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between muscle glycogen content and localization and high-intensity exercise performance. The results showed that changes in muscle glycogen levels can affect high-intensity exercise performance, especially at the single-fiber and subcellular levels. Additionally, carbohydrate intake also influences ratings of perceived exertion and repeated sprint ability.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiao Hou, Jingmin Liu, Kaixiang Weng, Lisa Griffin, Laura A. Rice, Yih-Kuen Jan
Summary: This study found that compression and LEDT have a significant effect on reducing muscle fatigue, and compression, active recovery, and cooling have a significant effect on reducing muscle fatigue when applied during exercise, but not after exercise.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Gislaine Cristina-Souza, Marcos D. Silva-Cavalcante, Romulo Bertuzzi, David J. Bishop
Summary: Caffeine is widely consumed as an ergogenic aid for exercise performance, with its stimulatory effect on the central nervous system being a key mechanism. However, caffeine may also have direct effects on other physiological systems like the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems during high-intensity whole-body exercise. Understanding these multiple effects of caffeine could potentially expand its use in different sporting contexts and aid in the treatment of certain diseases.
Article
Sport Sciences
Mathieu Marillier, Mathieu Gruet, Anne-catherine Bernard, Benoit Champigneulle, Samuel Verges, Onofre Moran-mendoza, J. alberto Neder
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of O-2 supplementation on cerebral oxygenation and perceived fatigue during exercise in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD). The study found that O-2 supplementation improved cerebral oxygenation and reduced fatigue in patients, suggesting that reversing cerebral hypoxia may have positive effects on patients' disablement.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Willian da Silva, Alvaro Sosa Machado, Andressa Lemes Lemos, Camilla Ferreira de Andrade, Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada, Felipe P. Carpes
Summary: This study revealed the relationship between exercise-induced muscle soreness, pain, and skin temperature changes, as well as the gender-specific effects on skin temperature variations. Differences between men and women were observed in DOMS and PPT, while skin temperature responses also varied by sex.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica L. Halle, Brittany R. Counts, Quan Zhang, James A. Carson
Summary: FOLFOX chemotherapy induces persistent deficits in physical function, but short-duration aerobic exercise can partially reverse this.
Article
Biology
Alvaro Sosa Machado, Willian da Silva, Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada, Felipe P. Carpes
Summary: Muscle fatigue can affect both sports performance and daily activities. This study examined the effects of cumulative fatigue on untrained women. The results showed that cumulative fatigue reduced muscle strength, increased delayed onset muscle soreness, and resulted in higher skin temperature in the fatigued arm. The variations in the minimum and mean temperatures correlated with the strength losses. The use of infrared thermography to measure skin temperature could be a promising tool to detect cumulative fatigue.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yaojung Shiao, Thang Hoang
Summary: This paper presents a method to observe and evaluate muscle extension conditions using electromyography (EMG) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors. The study successfully sensed a user's muscle conditions during exercise in a leg extension machine and provided proof of concept for using EMG signals to sense muscle fatigue. These results can be applied to other smart exercise machines in the future.
Article
Sport Sciences
Phu D. Hoang, Stephen Lord, Simon Gandevia, Jasmine Menant
Summary: Resistance and aerobic training exercises are effective for alleviating some characteristic signs and symptoms in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) with mild to moderate disability. However, the evidence for those with severe disability is less clear. Further investigations are needed on the effects of exercise on MS pathogenesis, central nervous structures, and other outcomes such as depression and cognitive impairment.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Andrew M. Jones
Summary: Endurance exercise performance is influenced by physiological factors such as VO2max, exercise economy, and the fraction of VO2max utilized. However, these variables are not static and can significantly deteriorate during fatigue. Understanding physiological resilience can explain superior endurance performance and has implications for athlete evaluation and performance enhancement interventions.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ben Stocks, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Sophie Joanisse, Linda C. Dansereau, Yen Chin Koay, Yasir S. Elhassan, Gareth G. Lavery, Lake-Ee Quek, John F. O'Sullivan, Ashleigh M. Philp, Gareth A. Wallis, Andrew Philp
Summary: Acute supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR) does not affect substrate metabolism or NAD(+)-sensitive signaling pathways in human skeletal muscle during or after endurance exercise. Although NR supplementation does not increase skeletal muscle NAD(+) concentration, it does affect the concentration of NAD(+) metabolome, demonstrating skeletal muscle bioavailability of NR supplementation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Javier T. Gonzalez, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: Carbohydrates play a crucial role in exercise recovery, with recent studies showing that combining fructose with glucose-based carbohydrates can accelerate liver glycogen recovery. Athletes aiming for increased fat oxidation capacity may benefit from restricting carbohydrate intake after certain training sessions.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Oliver Joseph Odell, Gareth Anthony Wallis
Summary: Athletes are recommended to consume high-carbohydrate diets for better performance before, during, and after exercise. Although lactose is not included in guidelines for carbohydrate intake for athletes, it may have various applications in sports nutrition, such as fuel source and post-exercise recovery.
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brandon J. Shad, Janice L. Thompson, James Mckendry, Andrew M. Holwerda, Yasir S. Elhassan, Leigh Breen, Luc J. C. van Loon, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The study found that resistance exercise training frequency did not modulate daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in young men.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Victoria A. Goodyear, Ian Boardley, Shin-Yi Chiou, Sally A. M. Fenton, Kyriaki Makopoulou, Afroditi Stathi, Gareth A. Wallis, Jet J. C. S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Janice L. Thompson
Summary: The study found that social media played a role in influencing physical activity, diet behaviors, and quality of life during COVID-19. Participants were able to improve self-management and promote health behavior changes through information accessed on social media. Contextual factors such as work, home, and perceived value of social media for health also influenced the relationship between social media use and self-reported outcomes.
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Helen E. Bradley, Colleen S. Deane, Adrian B. Hodgson, Michael Jones, Sophie Joanisse, Alice M. Turner, Leigh Breen, Andrew Philp, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The study found that metabolic responses to steady-state aerobic exercise are somewhat resistant to short-term changes in dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake within the 5-6.5 g CHO.kg(-1).day(-1) (46-61% energy intake) range. In contrast, reducing short-term dietary CHO intake to around 2.4 g CHO.kg(-1).day(-1) (21% energy intake) resulted in significant metabolic changes indicative of increased fat and decreased CHO metabolism during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Daniel J. Plews, Gareth A. Wallis, Matthew J. Brick, Warren B. Leigh, Wee-Leong Chang, Tom Stewart, Casey M. Watkins, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The study found strong correlations between whole-body fat oxidation rate during fasted exercise and skeletal muscle parameters, endurance performance, and fat oxidation during fed-state exercise, suggesting that non-invasive measures of fat oxidation may be useful in profiling endurance athletes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Tim Podlogar, Spela Bokal, Simon Cirnski, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different carbohydrate ingestion methods on carbohydrate oxidation rates during long endurance exercise in highly trained cyclists. The results showed that ingestion of carbohydrates at a rate of 120 g/h resulted in higher exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates, but did not lead to additional sparing of endogenous carbohydrates.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Veronica L. Li, Yang He, Kevin Contrepois, Hailan Liu, Joon T. Kim, Amanda L. Wiggenhorn, Julia T. Tanzo, Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung, Xuchao Lyu, Peter-James H. Zushin, Robert S. Jansen, Basil Michael, Kang Yong Loh, Andrew C. Yang, Christian S. Carl, Christian T. Voldstedlund, Wei Wei, Stephanie M. Terrell, Benjamin C. Moeller, Rick M. Arthur, Gareth A. Wallis, Koen van de Wetering, Andreas Stahl, Bente Kiens, Erik A. Richter, Steven M. Banik, Michael P. Snyder, Yong Xu, Jonathan Z. Long
Summary: Exercise stimulates the production of a blood-borne metabolite called Lac-Phe, which suppresses feeding and obesity. This metabolite is synthesized in specific cells and controls appetite, reduces fat content, and improves glucose balance. It is also observed in humans and racehorses, suggesting that it is a molecular effector associated with physical activity in multiple species.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Intan Suhana Munira Mat Azmi, Gareth A. Wallis, Mike J. White, Anna Puig-Ribera, Frank F. Eves
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of using stair climbing as a way to interrupt prolonged sitting and its effects on glucose and lipid profiles. The results indicate that prompted stair climbing is beneficial for health outcomes and well tolerated by employees at work.
Article
Physiology
Oliver J. Odell, Samuel G. Impey, Brandon J. Shad, Tim Podlogar, Rafael B. Salgueiro, David S. Rowlands, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The coingestion of glucose and galactose does not enhance the oxidation of galactose during exercise. The combined ingestion of isoenergetic galactose-glucose provides similar exogenous carbohydrate oxidation to glucose during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Tim Podlogar, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: This narrative review provides an overview of the role of carbohydrate in the diet of endurance athletes. It emphasizes the importance of personalized carbohydrate recommendations and highlights the limited benefits of the train-low approach. The review also calls for future research and technological innovation to further support carbohydrate intake recommendations.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah R. Jackman, Gareth A. Wallis, Jinglei Yu, Andrew Philp, Keith Baar, Kevin D. Tipton, Oliver C. Witard
Summary: This study aimed to examine the interaction between carbohydrate (CHO) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates following exercise. The results showed that co-ingestion of BCAA and CHO can enhance the acute response of MyoPS to resistance exercise in trained young males.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
D. I. Podesta, A. K. Blannin, G. A. Wallis
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of manipulating post-exercise energy substrate availability on appetite, energy intake, and energy expenditure. The results showed that immediate post-exercise energy replacement with a high carbohydrate/low-fat drink resulted in higher short-term activity energy expenditure and lower appetite ratings compared to low carbohydrate/high-fat replacement.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Caroline A. Tarnowski, Sophie L. Wardle, Thomas J. O'Leary, Robert M. Gifford, Julie P. Greeves, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: Prolonged low energy availability can negatively impact athletes' health and performance. The current measuring method for energy intake is limited and relies on self-reporting. This article introduces the energy balance method, which provides a more objective measurement of energy intake and can help identify low energy availability.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2023)