Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephanie D. Small, Lee M. Margolis
Summary: Individuals with high physical activity levels may experience periods of low muscle glycogen content, which can impair physical performance. While exogenous carbohydrate consumption during aerobic exercise can sustain performance during low glycogen periods, it may not be effective with low glycogen stores due to energy restriction, which may reduce exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Louise M. Burke, Rebecca Hall, Ida A. Heikura, Megan L. Ross, Nicolin Tee, Georgina L. Kent, Jamie Whitfield, Sara F. Forbes, Avish P. Sharma, Andrew M. Jones, Peter Peeling, Jamie R. Blackwell, Inigo Mujika, Karen Mackay, Marta Kozior, Brent Vallance, Alannah K. A. McKay
Summary: The study explored two strategies for race walkers, one involving beetroot juice and the other involving a multi-faceted approach including high carbohydrate diet and acute CHO loading. Results showed an increase in exogenous CHO use during exercise and elite athletes had optimized intestinal CHO absorption through habitual practices.
Article
Sport Sciences
Ben J. Narang, Gareth A. Wallis, Javier T. Gonzalez
Summary: A pilot study investigated the effect of calcium co-ingestion during endurance exercise on exogenous glucose oxidation in healthy men. The results showed that adding calcium to glucose ingestion did not alter exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise in healthy men at saturating glucose ingestion rates.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hyeon-Ki Kim, Shota Furuhashi, Masaki Takahashi, Hanako Chijiki, Takuya Nanba, Takayuki Inami, Zsolt Radak, Shizuo Sakamoto, Shigenobu Shibata
Summary: Late afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-hour glucose and triglyceride levels.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sander A. J. Verbrugge, Julia A. Alhusen, Shimon Kempin, Nicolas J. Pillon, Jan Rozman, Henning Wackerhage, Maximilian Kleinert
Summary: Exercise is a cornerstone treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. A systematic review identified 176 genes related to muscle glucose uptake, with over 50% of them being regulated by exercise. Endurance and resistance exercise show both common and unique changes in gene expression and phosphorylation related to glucose uptake.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Tim Podlogar, Spela Bokal, Simon Cirnski, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different carbohydrate ingestion methods on carbohydrate oxidation rates during long endurance exercise in highly trained cyclists. The results showed that ingestion of carbohydrates at a rate of 120 g/h resulted in higher exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates, but did not lead to additional sparing of endogenous carbohydrates.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karen Marlenne Herrera-Rocha, Maria Magdalena Manjarrez-Juanes, Mar Larrosa, Jorge Alberto Barrios-Payan, Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzman, Alejo Macias-Salas, Jose Alberto Gallegos-Infante, Saul Alberto Alvarez, Ruben Francisco Gonzalez-Laredo, Martha Rocio Moreno-Jimenez
Summary: Based on an animal swimming model, this study found that quince and probiotics could protect the intestine and improve exercise endurance. Quince fruit contains abundant polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The consumption of probiotics enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as promoted muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and swimming performance. The combination of quince and probiotics could be a potential synbiotic product for improving exercise endurance and reducing the adverse effects of high-performance sports.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhili Guo, Hanjun Cheng, Zhonghan Li, Shiqun Shao, Priyanka Sarkar, Siwen Wang, Rohit Chaudhuri, Nicole G. Perkins, Fei Ji, Wei Wei, Min Xue
Summary: This study presents a chemical approach to analyze fatty acid uptake in single cells, which involved using azide-modified analogues and surface-immobilized dendrimers with DBCO groups. By integrating this method into a microfluidics-based multiplex protein analysis platform, the researchers were able to explore the relationships between fatty acid influx, oncogenic signaling activities, and cell proliferation. The study revealed differential correlations between p70S6K and 4EBP1 with fatty acid uptake, and demonstrated synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation through co-targeting p70S6K and fatty acid metabolism. This work provided new insights into cancer biology by studying fatty acid metabolism in the context of protein signaling at single-cell resolution.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hannah L. Notbohm, Joshua F. Feuerbacher, Finn Papendorf, Nils Friese, Mats W. Jacobs, Hans-Georg Predel, Jonas Zacher, Wilhelm Bloch, Moritz Schumann
Summary: Isomaltulose ingestion led to lower baseline postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin, and GIP compared to maltodextrin and glucose, and reduced blood glucose fluctuations during treadmill running. However, no differences were observed in fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates, running performance, and gastrointestinal discomfort between the conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Doowon Lee, Ju-Yeon Son, Hyo-Myeong Ju, Ji-Hee Won, Seung-Bo Park, Woo-Hwi Yang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of low-intensity exercise of different durations on recovery ability in adults, with the findings suggesting that engaging in at least 1 hour of low-intensity exercise can improve recovery ability.
Article
Physiology
Santiago A. Ruiz-Alias, Javier Olaya-Cuartero, Alberto A. Nancupil-Andrade, Felipe Garcia-Pinillos
Summary: This study determines the relationship between critical power (CP) in running and anaerobic threshold, respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2)max) in high-caliber athletes. The results show that CP and RCP represent the same boundary in these athletes, allowing coaches and athletes to easily determine the perturbance threshold.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Damian Jozef Flis, Emilia Gabriela Bialobrodzka, Ewa Aleksandra Rodziewicz-Flis, Zbigniew Jost, Andzelika Borkowska, Wieslaw Ziolkowski, Jan Jacek Kaczor
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Dex treatment on blood and skeletal muscle metabolites and activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism after long-duration swimming. The results showed that Dex treatment induced body mass loss and increased lipid metabolites in the blood, while prolonged swimming intensified these effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Chiel Poff, Ruben Robberechts, Myrthe Stalmans, Jan Vanderroost, Stijn Bogaerts, Peter Hespel
Summary: Exogenous ketosis improves psychocognitive functioning and stimulates muscular recovery during exercise. Ketone ester supplementation counters the decline in psychocognitive functioning and promotes postexercise muscular recovery in ultra-endurance exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Mikael Flockhart, Dominik Tischer, Lina C. Nilsson, Sarah J. Blackwood, Bjoern Ekblom, Abram Katz, William Apro, Filip J. Larsen
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of exercise on glucose tolerance, assess the potential differences between two exercise paradigms in relation to changes in mitochondrial function, and determine if endurance athletes differ from nonendurance-trained controls in their metabolic responses. The results showed that prolonged exercise reduces glucose tolerance and increases insulin resistance in endurance athletes the following day. These findings are associated with an increased lipid load, high lipid oxidation capacity, and increased fat oxidation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Erik A. Richter
Summary: Exercise in humans greatly increases muscle glucose uptake, but the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane only doubles, indicating a significant disparity. This could be due to underestimated measurements or an increase in GLUT4 intrinsic activity during exercise.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Kathryn E. Ackerman, Trent Stellingwerff, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Amy Baltzell, Mary Cain, Kara Goucher, Lauren Fleshman, Margo L. Mountjoy
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
James A. Betts, Javier T. Gonzalez, Louise M. Burke, Graeme L. Close, Ina Garthe, Lewis J. James, Asker E. Jeukendrup, James P. Morton, David C. Nieman, Peter Peeling, Stuart M. Phillips, Trent Stellingwerff, Luc J. C. van Loon, Clyde Williams, Kathleen Woolf, Ron Maughan, Greg Atkinson
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2020)
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Max R. Paquette, Christopher Napier, Richard W. Willy, Trent Stellingwerff
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Lee Taylor, Sarah Carter, Trent Stellingwerff
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Susan Boegman, Trent Stellingwerff, Gregory Shaw, Nick Clarke, Kenneth Graham, Rebecca Cross, Jason C. Siegler
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2020)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Gareth N. Sandford, Trent Stellingwerff, Michael Stephen Koehle
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ida A. Heikura, Trent Stellingwerff, Jose L. Areta
Summary: Decades of research have shown that strict low energy availability can lead to impairments in body systems and related menstrual dysfunction and bone health issues in females. Early detection and diagnosis of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is crucial in preventing negative health and performance outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Megan A. Kuikman, Margo Mountjoy, Trent Stellingwerff, Jamie F. Burr
Summary: Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) can have negative health and performance impacts on male and female athletes due to low energy availability (LEA). Treatment involves increasing energy intake and/or decreasing exercise energy expenditure, but challenges in quantifying energy intake and expenditure make implementation difficult in clinical practice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kelly Pritchett, Alicia DiFolco, Savannah Glasgow, Robert Pritchett, Katy Williams, Trent Stellingwerff, Patricia Roney, Susannah Scaroni, Elizabeth Broad
Summary: Para-athletes may have potential risks in energy availability, especially for females; although the calculated risk for relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) appears low, hormonal outcomes indicate a higher risk in this population.
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Megan A. Kuikman, Margo Mountjoy, Trent Stellingwerff, Jamie F. Burr
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Cameron M. Gee, Melissa A. Lacroix, Wendy A. Pethick, Patrick Cote, Trent Stellingwerff, Christopher R. West
Summary: The study suggests that short-term heat acclimatisation training is safe for elite athletes with spinal cord injury and may lead to beneficial changes in some indices of resting cardiac function. However, results are highly individualized.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Trent Stellingwerff, Ida A. Heikura, Romain Meeusen, Stephane Bermon, Stephen Seiler, Margo L. Mountjoy, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Training-overload and RED-S share similarities in symptoms, possibly due to low carbohydrate and energy availability. Studies have shown a decrease in energy or CHO availability during training-overload, leading to symptom outcomes compared to control conditions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Megan Kuikman, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Although sports nutrition guidelines promote evidence-based practice, it is unclear whether women have been adequately included in the underpinning research. Female participants were underrepresented in studies on performance supplements, and there is a lack of research specifically designed to compare sex-based responses. Interestingly, a higher proportion of female participants were classified as international/world-class athletes. Most studies focused on performance outcomes and had poorer representation of women, while studies with a health focus had a higher proportion of female participants.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Megan Kuikman, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Micronutrient deficiencies and sub-optimal intakes among female athletes are a concern. However, current research and literature on the use of supplements do not adequately consider women's needs. There is a lack of studies on sex-based differences in response to calcium, iron, and vitamin D supplementation. Additionally, the quality and quantity of literature specific to female athletes are inadequate. More high-quality research is needed to address these gaps and ensure that women's specific needs are considered in supplementation protocols.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Samuel Blades, Matt Jensen, Trent Stellingwerff, Sandra Hundza, Marc Klimstra
Summary: This study compared the accuracy and reliability of a new fully integrated plantar-pressure measurement system (PPMS) with an industry-standard PPMS during benchtop and running testing protocols. Results showed that the new PPMS had similar accuracy and reliability to the standard PPMS, with high agreement in both benchtop and running measurements. However, the new PPMS exhibited hysteresis during running, which may affect the accuracy of kinetic gait measures.