Article
Oncology
Yeong Jin Kim, Kang Hee Ahn, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Kyung-Sub Moon
Summary: This case report describes a rare occurrence of extraneural metastasis (ENM) in a patient with glioblastoma. The tumor invaded the venous sinus and eventually spread to the lymph nodes and multiple bones, leading to paralysis and death.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Roman Kowalchuk, Trey C. Mullikin, William Breen, Hunter C. Gits, Marcus Florez, Brian De, William S. Harmsen, Peter Sean Rose, Brittany L. Siontis, Brian A. Costello, Jonathan M. Morris, John J. Lucido, Kenneth R. Olivier, Brad Stish, Nadia N. Laack, Sean Park, Dawn Owen, Amol J. Ghia, Paul D. Brown, Kenneth Wing Merrell
Summary: In this study, researchers developed a predictive model for metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) to improve patient selection. Through analyzing a multicenter cohort, they identified several variables associated with patient prognosis and created a scoring system. This model could aid physicians in selecting appropriate treatment strategies for patients with metastasis.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zaili Luo, Mingyang Xia, Wei Shi, Chuntao Zhao, Jiajia Wang, Dazhuan Xin, Xinran Dong, Yu Xiong, Feng Zhang, Kalen Berry, Sean Ogurek, Xuezhao Liu, Rohit Rao, Rui Xing, Lai Man Natalie Wu, Siying Cui, Lingli Xu, Yifeng Lin, Wenkun Ma, Shuaiwei Tian, Qi Xie, Li Zhang, Mei Xin, Xiaotao Wang, Feng Yue, Haizi Zheng, Yaping Liu, Charles B. Stevenson, Peter de Blank, John P. Perentesis, Richard J. Gilbertson, Hao Li, Jie Ma, Wenhao Zhou, Michael D. Taylor, Q. Richard Lu
Summary: In this study, single-cell profiling of human fetal cerebella was performed to investigate the cellular states and regulatory networks in medulloblastomas (MBs). The researchers found a unique transitional cerebellar progenitor population enriched in aggressive MB subgroups and identified transcriptional determinants HNRNPH1 and SOX11 that are correlated with prognosis in group 3 MBs. Genomic analysis revealed long-range chromatin loops connecting HNRNPH1/SOX11-targeted super-enhancers to regulatory elements of the oncogenic driver MYC in group 3 MBs. Targeting the transitional progenitor regulators inhibited MYC expression and MB growth. This study provides new insights into the cellular and molecular characteristics of MBs, which may have implications for disease prognosis and potential therapeutic strategies.
Review
Oncology
E. Franceschi, C. Seidel, F. Sahm, K. W. Pajtler, P. Hau
Summary: Medulloblastoma is a rare tumor in postpubertal patients and adults, with different subtypes having distinct prognoses and offering personalized treatment options. While multimodal therapies have shown good overall survival rates, therapeutic evidence from prospective randomized trials in adults is lacking. Treatment typically involves craniospinal chemoradiation followed by maintenance chemotherapy, with targeted therapies not yet widely implemented but showing promise for personalized approaches, particularly in the SHH subgroup. Regular clinical follow-up and monitoring are crucial for managing relapse and ensuring optimal outcomes for patients.
Review
Biology
Manon Penco-Campillo, Gilles Pages, Sonia Martial
Summary: The therapeutic strategy against medulloblastoma (MB) focuses on accurate diagnosis, post-surgery monitoring, treatment adaptation, and effective therapies for recurrence. Current treatments for MB are severe and result in disabilities. MB recurrence and metastasis are usually fatal, and understanding the key players in this process could help eliminate fatal outcomes. The goal is to reduce treatment intensity and limit disabling effects while offering effective treatments.
Review
Oncology
Andres Coca-Pelaz, Justin A. Bishop, Nina Zidar, Abbas Agaimy, Eloisa Maria Mello Santiago Gebrim, Vanni Mondin, Oded Cohen, Primoz Strojan, Alessandra Rinaldo, Ashok R. Shaha, Remco de Bree, Marc Hamoir, Antti A. Makitie, Luiz P. Kowalski, Nabil F. Saba, Alfio Ferlito
Summary: This study aimed to review the literature and discuss the pathogenetic mechanism, cytologic features, and surgical treatment recommendations for cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) from primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The analysis included data from 174 patients, revealing a low incidence of cervical LNM, with the most common sites of metastasis being bones, lungs, and non-cervical lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspiration cytology can provide a pathological diagnosis, allowing surgeons to plan appropriate treatment.
CANCER MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Nan Qin, Eunice Paisana, Maike Langini, Daniel Picard, Bastian Malzkorn, Carlos Custodia, Rita Cascao, Frauke-Dorothee Meyer, Lena Bluemel, Sarah Goebbels, Kuebra Taban, Jasmin Bartl, Nicole Bechmann, Catleen Conrad, Jan Gravemeyer, Juergen C. Becker, Anja Stefanski, Stephanie Puget, Joao T. Barata, Kai Stuehler, Ute Fischer, Joerg Felsberg, Olivier Ayrault, Guido Reifenberger, Arndt Borkhardt, Graeme Eisenhofer, Claudia C. Faria, Marc Remke
Summary: The study highlights the importance of interclonal cross-talk between MYC-driven and non-MYC-driven cells in medulloblastoma, showing how their interactions influence metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Targeting the secretome can effectively suppress this communication between subclones.
Review
Oncology
Clemens Seidel, Sina Heider, Peter Hau, Annegret Glasow, Stefan Dietzsch, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann
Summary: Craniospinal irradiation is crucial in the treatment of medulloblastoma, allowing for increased survival rates when combined with chemotherapy. Despite advancements in techniques and efforts to reduce toxicity, challenges remain in treating high-risk patients effectively.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaojun Zhou, Hao Zhao
Summary: Our study aimed to explore the genes correlated with metastasis in Medulloblastoma (MB) through analyzing differentially expressed genes and pathways. We identified 10 genes, including FAIM2, that were significantly associated with survival of MB patients. FAIM2 expression was decreased in metastatic MB samples, and it harbored mutations, amplifications, and deletions. Pathway analysis showed that FAIM2 high expression group had significantly activated and inhibited pathways compared to FAIM2 low expression group. FAIM2 was tightly correlated with metastasis in MB patients and low expression was associated with poor prognosis.
Article
Neurosciences
A. Biczok, J. Thorsteinsdottir, P. Karschnia, V. C. Ruf, J. C. Tonn, J. Herms, C. Schichor, M. M. Dorostkar
Summary: This study retrospectively explored the molecular alterations of extracranial metastases of intracranial meningiomas. It found that BAP1 gene alterations were the most frequent molecular changes and may be associated with the metastatic spread of meningiomas.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Xiaoming Zhang, Levon Katsakhyan, Virginia A. LiVolsi, Jacquelyn J. Roth, Christopher H. Rassekh, Stephen J. Bagley, MacLean P. Nasrallah
Summary: This study investigates potential genomic drivers of extraneural metastasis in glioblastoma (GBM), revealing a higher frequency of TP53 mutations and IDH mutations in extraneural metastatic cases compared to general GBM cases, while lower MGMT promoter methylation. These findings not only provide potential biomarkers for earlier screening of extraneural metastasis, but also offer clues to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying GBM metastasis and developing therapeutic modalities.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Manon Douyere, Caifeng Gong, Mylene Richard, Nadia Pellegrini-Moise, Joel Daouk, Julien Pierson, Pascal Chastagner, Cedric Boura
Summary: This study demonstrates that targeting NRP1 with MR438 could be a potential new strategy to limit the progression of medulloblastoma by decreasing the number of stem cells and reducing the radiation dose.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Dong Wang, Bethany Veo, Angela Pierce, Susan Fosmire, Krishna Madhavan, Ilango Balakrishnan, Andrew Donson, Irina Alimova, Kelly D. Sullivan, Molishree Joshi, Mark Erlander, Maya Ridinger, Nicholas K. Foreman, Sujatha Venkataraman, Rajeev Vibhakar
Summary: PLK1 is overexpressed in Group 3 MB, and Onvansertib shows efficacy in reducing colony formation, cell proliferation, inducing G2/M arrest, and enhancing DNA damage and apoptosis in combination with radiation therapy in vitro and in xenografts, suggesting its potential as an effective strategy for MB treatment.
Article
Oncology
Anthony P. Y. Liu, Kyle S. Smith, Rahul Kumar, Leena Paul, Laure Bihannic, Tong Lin, Kendra K. Maass, Kristian W. Pajtler, Murali Chintagumpala, Jack M. Su, Eric Bouffet, Michael J. Fisher, Sridharan Gururangan, Richard Cohn, Tim Hassall, Jordan R. Hansford, Paul Klimo, Frederick A. Boop, Clinton F. Stewart, Julie H. Harreld, Thomas E. Merchant, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Geoffrey Neale, Matthew Lear, Jeffery M. Klco, Brent A. Orr, David W. Ellison, Richard J. Gilbertson, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Amar Gajjar, Giles W. Robinson, Paul A. Northcott
Summary: The study demonstrates the clinical utility of CSF-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker of measurable residual disease (MRD) in children with medulloblastoma. Detection of MRD, particularly in patients with persistent MRD, is associated with a higher risk of disease progression. Early detection of MRD using liquid biopsies may aid in monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy in medulloblastoma patients.
Article
Pediatrics
Paula Sedano, Carmen Gonzalez-San Segundo, Lourdes De Ingunza, Pedro Cuesta-Alvaro, Marta Perez-Somarriba, Francisco Diaz-Gutierrez, Carmen Garrido Colino, Alvaro Lassaletta
Summary: This study analyzed treatment delivery variables in 40 pediatric patients with medulloblastoma and evaluated the impact on survival. The extent of surgery and radiotherapy-related factors did not significantly affect 5-year survival rates, while risk groups and leptomeningeal dissemination were associated with prognosis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)