Article
Clinical Neurology
Mona Ameri Chalmer, Andreas Hoiberg Rasmussen, Lisette J. A. Kogelman, Jes Olesen, Thomas Folkmann Hansen
Summary: This study found no aggregation of chronic migraine in families with a clustering of migraine. No specific rare variants gave rise to migraine chronification, suggesting that migraine chronification is caused by environmental factors rather than genetic factors. Chronic migraine was not associated with a higher polygenic risk score.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Vasileios Greveniotis, Elisavet Bouloumpasi, Stylianos Zotis, Athanasios Korkovelos, Dimitrios Kantas, Constantinos G. Ipsilandis
Summary: This study assessed the relationship between multiple locations and genotypes, analyzed the adaptability and stability of faba beans, and proposed the most ideal cultivation conditions and genotypes. The results showed that crude protein content, plant height, and thousand-seed weight were positively correlated with seed yield, while other qualitative variables were negatively correlated. Tanagra cultivar exhibited the highest seed yield under conventional management, and Ste1 and Ste2 showed promising genetic materials. Based on the results, Tanagra cultivar and Ste2 genotype are the most ideal choices.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maximilian Rembe, Jochen Christoph Reif, Erhard Ebmeyer, Patrick Thorwarth, Viktor Korzun, Johannes Schacht, Philipp H. G. Boeven, Pierrick Varenne, Ebrahim Kazman, Norman Philipp, Sonja Kollers, Nina Pfeiffer, C. Friedrich H. Longin, Niklas Hartwig, Mario Gils, Yusheng Zhao
Summary: This study empirically investigated the potential and limitations of reciprocal recurrent genomic selection in wheat breeding, finding that it can significantly improve hybrid wheat breeding efficiency with a selection gain of 1.0 dt ha(-1) compared to the original 20 parental lines. However, the need to develop robust genome-wide predictive equations was also highlighted for successful implementation.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Jianzhi Zhang
Summary: Genomics, a interdisciplinary field of biology, has revolutionized various subdisciplines of life sciences by providing large amount of data, introducing high-throughput technologies, and offering new approaches to biology. In this review, the author describes what they have learned from genomics, mainly focusing on variation, interaction, and selection, which are central topics in evolutionary biology. The author expects that the most important contributions of genomics to evolutionary biology in the future will include providing genome sequences of almost all known species on Earth, facilitating high-throughput phenotyping of natural variants and mutants, and assisting in the determination of causality in evolutionary processes using experimental evolution.
GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Margaret P. Schmill, Zoe Thompson, Donovan A. Argueta, Nicholas V. DiPatrizio, Theodore Garland
Summary: The endocannabinoid system in the gut interacts with energy balance mechanisms and voluntary locomotor behavior. High Runner mice have lower gut concentrations of 2-AG compared to Control mice, possibly related to differences in activity levels or body composition. Home-cage activity negatively predicts gut eCB concentrations, particularly in mice without wheel access.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alberto A. Castro, Fotios Alexandros Karakostis, Lynn E. Copes, Holland E. McClendon, Aayushi P. Trivedi, Nicole E. Schwartz, Theodore Garland
Summary: The study found that chronic exercise can affect muscle attachment site morphology, but there is not always evolutionary coadaptation of muscle attachments with voluntary exercise behavior.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Mauricio dos Santos Araujo, Saulo Fabricio da Silva Chaves, Kaesel Jackson Damasceno-Silva, Luiz Antonio dos Santos Dias, Maurisrael de Moura de Rocha
Summary: In cowpea breeding, multi-environment trials are conducted to select high yielding lines. We explored different covariance structures to select the best model, and found that modeling heterogenous compound symmetry for genetic effects improved the predicted genetic gain compared to the traditional model.
Article
Cell Biology
Rodrigo W. Alves de Souza, David Gallo, Ghee Rye Lee, Eri Katsuyama, Alexa Schaufler, Janick Weber, Eva Csizmadia, George C. Tsokos, Lauren G. Koch, Steven L. Britton, Ulrik Wisloff, Patricia C. Brum, Leo E. Otterbein
Summary: This study reveals the central role of heme and HO-1 in regulating the physiological response of skeletal muscle to exercise, highlighting the importance of effective heme metabolism in maintaining muscle function. The experiment demonstrates that control over HO-1 is crucial in maintaining the normal function of muscles in the presence of microtraumatic events leading to accumulation of circulating heme.
Article
Agronomy
Nikolaos Katsenios, Panagiotis Sparangis, Sofia Chanioti, Marianna Giannoglou, Dimitris Leonidakis, Miltiadis V. Christopoulos, George Katsaros, Aspasia Efthimiadou
Summary: The study found that specific environments have a significant impact on maize yield, protein, and fiber content, and using appropriate genotypes under certain conditions can improve both yield and quality characteristics.
Article
Sport Sciences
Nicole T. Vargas, Christopher L. Chapman, Emma L. Reed, Alexis Lizarraga, Nadine M. Fisher, Scott L. Davis, Zachary J. Schlader
Summary: The study found that patients with multiple sclerosis are more actively seeking cooling during exercise and spend more time in cooling, but this does not consistently alleviate perceptions of heat-related symptoms or subjective fatigue.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Thaise da Silva Souza, Fabiana Rezende Muniz, Vania Helena Techio, Alexandre Alves Missiaggia, Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho
Summary: The performance of polyploid eucalypt clones under field conditions was evaluated, and the results showed that polyploid clones generally do not perform as well as their diploid counterparts. However, there were some polyploid clones that were more adapted and stable in certain environments.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Yihua Chen, Yukuan Chen, Liang Tao, Xinxin Du, Zhiguo Dong, Donghong Niu, Jiale Li
Summary: This study investigates genotype by environment interactions of growth traits in razor clams reared in outdoor ponds and semi-natural environments. The results show significant genetic differences among families in different aquaculture environments. The heritabilities for growth traits are low to moderate, indicating that these traits can be effectively selected in both environments. This study provides guidance for breeding programs of razor clams in different aquaculture environments.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Annika Reuser, Kristin Wenzel, Stephan B. Felix, Marcus Doerr, Martin Bahls, Stephanie Koenemann
Summary: This article introduces a method that combines radiotelemetry system and running wheels to determine spontaneous cage activity and voluntary exercise levels of individual animals in group-housed rodents. A software tool is developed for fast and reliable data analysis. This method can be used to study the benefits of physical activity and the impact of therapeutic interventions on animal behavior.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Margaret P. Schmill, Zoe Thompson, Daisy Lee, Laurence Haddadin, Shaarang Mitra, Raymond Ezzat, Samantha Shelton, Phillip Levin, Sogol Behnam, Kelly J. Huffman, Theodore Garland
Summary: Understanding the relationships between neuroanatomy, behavior, and evolution is crucial for understanding brain function. This study used mice bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior to investigate the effects of exercise on brain volumes. The results showed that the increased exercise phenotype was associated with larger volumes in the red nucleus and hippocampus, but chronic exercise alone did not produce these phenotypes.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior, Isabela de Castro Sant'Anna, Michele Jorge Silva Siqueira, Cosme Damiao Cruz, Camila Ferreira Azevedo, Moyses Nascimento, Plinio Cesar Soares
Summary: This study proposed a multi-trait and multi-environment Bayesian model to estimate genetic parameters for flood-irrigated rice crop. The results showed that the model provided reliable estimates of genetic parameters and offered new perspectives for genetic improvement of flood-irrigated rice.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Margaret P. Schmill, Marcell D. Cadney, Zoe Thompson, Layla Hiramatsu, Ralph L. Albuquerque, Monica P. McNamara, Alberto A. Castro, Jarren C. Kay, Darrius G. Buenaventura, Jocelyn L. Ramirez, Justin S. Rhodes, Theodore Garland
Summary: Using a unique mouse genetic model, the study found that selective breeding for increased voluntary running has modified the reward circuit in the brain, increasing motivation for running without affecting cocaine or methylphenidate reward. Both High Runner and control mice displayed significant conditioned place preference for cocaine and methylphenidate, with no statistical difference between the linetypes for either drug.
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alberto A. Castro, Hannah Rabitoy, Gerald C. Claghorn, Theodore Garland
Summary: Selection experiments can reveal the process of adaptive changes in the skeleton of house mice. High Runner mice evolved thicker bones and larger joint surface areas for endurance running. However, in later generations after reaching selection limits, the differences in bone dimensions decreased and some were no longer significant.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Monica P. McNamara, Jennifer M. Singleton, Marcell D. Cadney, Paul M. Ruegger, James Borneman, Theodore Garland
Summary: Changes in diet and exercise during early life have significant effects on the adult microbiome, with long-lasting impacts even after a washout period. The composition and diversity of the microbiome are influenced by genetic line type, juvenile diet, and/or exercise, highlighting the interactive effects of these factors. These findings suggest a complex relationship between early-life factors and the gut microbiome, with implications for host health and development.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yue Han, Ming He, Traci Marin, Hui Shen, Wei-Ting Wang, Tzong-Yi Lee, Hsiao-Chin Hong, Zong-Lai Jiang, Theodore Garland Jr, John Y. -J. Shyy, Brendan Gongol, Shu Chien
Summary: Pulsatile shear stress (PS) induces the regulation of glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) through Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) at the epigenetic level and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at the posttranslational level, affecting glycolytic flux in vascular endothelial cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alberto A. Castro, Fotios Alexandros Karakostis, Lynn E. Copes, Holland E. McClendon, Aayushi P. Trivedi, Nicole E. Schwartz, Theodore Garland
Summary: The study found that chronic exercise can affect muscle attachment site morphology, but there is not always evolutionary coadaptation of muscle attachments with voluntary exercise behavior.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ismael Galvan, Tonia S. Schwartz, Theodore Garland
Summary: Evolutionary physiology, born out of the interaction between evolutionary biology and physiology, has not reached its full potential yet. By exploring new avenues and studying the potential of wild animal physiological adaptations for biomedical purposes, as well as the role of epigenetic modifications in regulating physiological traits, there is a possibility of enhancing the understanding of physiological evolution.
Article
Biology
Jessica L. Tingle, Brian M. Sherman, Theodore Garland
Summary: This study examines the locomotor kinematics and morphology of sidewinder rattlesnakes. It finds that the movement of sidewinders differs significantly from limbed animals and that larger individuals are not necessarily faster. Sidewinders lift sections of their body while others maintain ground contact during locomotion. The frequency, wavelength, and amplitude of the body wave impact speed. The study suggests that increasing frequency may be the best way to increase speed for sidewinding snakes.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sarah E. Latchney, Marcell D. Cadney, Austin Hopkins, Theodore Garland
Summary: High runner mice (HR) have altered DNA methylation patterns of imprinted genes in the brain compared to non-selected control (C) mice. Maternal upbringing and sex also modify the DNA methylation profiles of these imprinted genes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marcell D. Cadney, Ralph L. Albuquerque, Nicole E. Schwartz, Monica P. McNamara, Alberto A. Castro, Margaret P. Schmill, David A. Hillis, Theodore Garland Jr
Summary: This study investigated the long-lasting effects of early-life fructose consumption in mice and found that it increased total caloric intake, body mass, and body fat during juvenile exposure. However, it had no significant effects on adult physical activity or body weight/composition. Interestingly, mice that had early-life fructose and wheel access had reduced maximal aerobic capacity in adulthood. Overall, early-life exercise had positive long-term effects, while the effects of early-life fructose were minimal.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
David A. Hillis, Theodore Garland Jr
Summary: Replicate lines under uniform selection evolve in different ways, and each line responds differently to selection, with HR3 being the most distinct. These results suggest that multiple solutions and private alleles can obscure general signatures of selection involving public alleles.
Article
Biology
Monica P. McNamara, Emily M. Venable, Marcell D. Cadney, Alberto A. Castro, Margaret P. Schmill, Lawrence Kazzazi, Rachel N. Carmody, Theodore Garland
Summary: In this study, the fecal microbial community composition and diversity were compared between a group of mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity and a control group. The results showed that the high wheel-running mice had a higher relative abundance of the bacterial family Clostridiaceae, which differed from a previous study on rats. Additionally, the replicate lines within the high wheel-running and control groups had unique microbiomes, indicating potential random genetic drift and/or multiple adaptive responses to selection.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Alberto A. Castro, Theodore Garland, Saad Ahmed, Natalie C. Holt
Summary: There is a trade-off between locomotor speed and endurance, which is likely to be caused by changes in muscle physiology. However, the muscle-level trade-off contradicts the organismal-level trade-off previously reported.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ralph L. Albuquerque, Peter A. Zani, Theodore Garland
Summary: This study found that individual behavior is related to morphology and physiological function, which in turn indirectly affect behavior. On the other hand, parasite load has no direct effect on individual performance ability. Due to the low repeatability of field behaviors, the relationship between behavior and performance may be stronger than indicated by the results.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Nicole E. Schwartz, Monica P. McNamara, Jocelyn M. Orozco, Jaanam O. Rashid, Angie P. Thai, Theodore Garland
Summary: Selective breeding for behavioral traits can result in significant behavioral changes without proportional modifications to underlying morphological or physiological traits.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jessica L. Tingle, Brian M. Sherman, Theodore Garland Jr
Summary: Physical characteristics of the substrate have a significant impact on terrestrial locomotion of animals and machines. Snakes' gait is more influenced by the environment rather than their speed. Testing sidewinder rattlesnakes on different surfaces revealed that the body's waveform had longer wavelength on vinyl flooring and snakes lifted their bodies higher on sand.