Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wathik Alsalim, Ola Lindgren, Bo Ahren
Summary: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are hormones released from the gut after meals, which enhance insulin secretion. This review discusses recent findings on the regulation of GIP and GLP-1 secretion after meal ingestion and their response to different nutrients.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pariyarath Sangeetha Thondre, Ifunanya Achebe, Alistair Sampson, Tyler Maher, Laetitia Guerin-Deremaux, Catherine Lefranc-Millot, Elisabeth Ahlstrom, Helen Lightowler
Summary: The consumption of pea protein reduces postprandial blood sugar levels and stimulates insulin release, showing a dose-response effect in healthy adults and supporting its role in regulating glycemic and insulin responses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martin Haljeta Friedrichsen, Lars Endahl, Frederik Flindt Kreiner, Ronald Goldwater, Martin Kankam, Soren Toubro, Sune Boris Nygard
Summary: NNC9204-1177 (NN1177) is a glucagon/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor co-agonist used for weight loss treatment. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of NN1177 through three phase 1 trials. While NN1177 showed some efficacy in weight loss, it also presented several treatment-related safety signals.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zahra Hassanzadeh-Rostami, Saeed Ghobadi, Shiva Faghih
Summary: Whole grain intake does not affect postprandial GLP-1 levels, but enhances postprandial GIP levels, increasing from 60 to 180 minutes. Further high-quality trials are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of whole grain intake on serum incretin levels.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Robin van Eenige, Zhixiong Ying, Naomi Tramper, Vera Wiebing, Zohor Siraj, Jan Freark de Boer, Joost M. Lambooij, Bruno Guigas, Hongchang Qu, Tamer Coskun, Mariette R. Boon, Patrick C. N. Rensen, Sander Kooijman
Summary: The combined agonism of GIPR and GLP1R attenuates atherosclerosis severity by reducing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism. This study suggests that combined GIPR/GLP1R agonism may be a promising strategy for reducing cardiometabolic risk in humans.
Article
Biology
Szymon Jonik, Michal Marchel, Marcin Grabowski, Grzegorz Opolski, Tomasz Mazurek
Summary: This manuscript provides a comprehensive summary of the role of gastrointestinal hormones GIP and GLP-1 in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The study suggests that GIP and GLP-1 are expressed in various human tissues and are associated with inflammation, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia. In animal models, GIP and GLP-1 improve endothelial function and reduce macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. In humans, GIP and GLP-1 have both pro-atherosclerotic and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Clinical trials have shown that GLP-1 analogs can significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, more research is needed to understand the metabolism of GIP in acute myocardial ischemia and stable coronary artery disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Soyeon Yoo, Dongkyu Kim, Gwanpyo Koh
Summary: The study investigated changes in glucagon levels in people with diabetes after meal ingestion, finding that poorly controlled patients may have a greater increase in postprandial glucagon levels, which is not mediated by incretin.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Christopher Smith, Ryan Patterson-Cross, Orla Woodward, Jo Lewis, Davide Chiarugi, Florian Merkle, Fiona Gribble, Frank Reimann, Alice Adriaenssens
Summary: This study compared the cell types and expression profiles of Glp1r and Gipr cells in the hypothalamus using single-cell RNA sequencing. The results showed that Glp1r and Gipr cells in the hypothalamus exhibit high heterogeneity in cell types and functions. This study provides mechanistic insights into the roles of Glp1r and Gipr in feeding behavior and energy balance.
Review
Immunology
Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Nada A. Ashour, Walaa A. Negm
Summary: In Covid-19 patients, variations in fasting blood glucose are considered a distinct risk factor for a negative prognosis. Tirazepatide (TZT), a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, may be effective in managing Covid-19-induced hyperglycemia in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Enrique Z. Fisman, Alexander Tenenbaum
Summary: Incretin hormones, including GLP-1 and GIP, play a crucial role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. While GIP was previously considered an unappealing therapeutic target, recent studies have shown that its effectiveness can be restored. Novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists like tirzepatide present promising advancements in lowering glucose levels and improving metabolic profiles.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yusuke Seino, Yuji Yamazaki
Summary: This article introduces the different roles of GIP and GLP-1 in glucose metabolism and weight regulation. GIP is mainly secreted in the upper small intestine, while GLP-1 is mainly secreted in the lower small intestine and colon. GIP promotes fat deposition while GLP-1 suppresses food consumption and gastric emptying.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Iona Davies, Tricia M. M. Tan
Summary: With the increasing obesity rates worldwide, there is a critical need for new pharmacotherapies to combat this pandemic. This review focuses on the design of therapeutics targeting the GIPR to facilitate weight loss. The authors highlight the paradoxical finding that both GIPR agonism and antagonism seem to provide metabolic benefits when combined with GLP-1 R agonism, and discuss the therapeutic potential of compounds targeting the GIPR alongside the GLP-1 R and the glucagon receptor.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
August Pilegaard Prahm, Mark Krogh Hvistendahl, Christopher Filtenborg Brandt, Paul Blanche, Bolette Hartmann, Jens Juul Holst, Palle Bekker Jeppesen
Summary: This study compared the effects of three iso-energetic meals with different macronutrient compositions on postprandial secretion of GLP-2, PYY, and GIP. The results showed that a high protein meal had the highest stimulatory effect on GLP-2 and PYY secretion, while a high carbohydrate meal was most effective for GIP.
Article
Sport Sciences
Yung-Chih Chen, Jean-Philippe Walhin, Aaron Hengist, Javier T. Gonzalez, James A. Betts, Dylan Thompson
Summary: Interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent walking can increase postprandial GLP-1 and PYY concentrations in healthy middle-age men and women with central adiposity.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ali A. Rizvi, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: The incretin pathway is a self-regulating feedback system that connects the gut with the brain, pancreas, and liver. It primarily affects postprandial glucose levels, but also has effects on fat metabolism and endovascular function. Dual agonists, which simultaneously activate the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors, have been found to have powerful benefits for glucose control and weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as potentially favorable cardiovascular effects.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yo-ichiro Kuma, Jun Hosomichi, Hideyuki Maeda, Shuji Oishi, Risa Usumi-Fujita, Yasuhiro Shimizu, Sawa Kaneko, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Ken-ichi Yoshida, Takashi Ono
Summary: Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) in rats leads to hypertrophy of the turbinate mucosa, significantly increasing thickness. IH upregulates the expression of TGF beta and N-cadherin while downregulating E-cadherin. IH also enhances the expression of inflammatory and EMT markers in nasal mucosa, suggesting a role in inflammation and EMT-driven turbinate hypertrophy.
SLEEP AND BREATHING
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Keiko Fukino, Masahiro Tsutsumi, Akimoto Nimura, Koh Miwa, Takashi Ono, Keiichi Akita
Summary: This study examined the connection between the palatopharyngeus and inferior constrictor, finding that the former interlaces with the cricopharyngeal part of the latter through dense connective tissues. This connection may play a role in directly affecting the upper esophageal sphincter and aiding in its opening.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kochakorn Lekvijittada, Jun Hosomichi, Hideyuki Maeda, Haixin Hong, Chidsanu Changsiripun, Yo-ichiro Kuma, Shuji Oishi, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Ken-ichi Yoshida, Takashi Ono
Summary: Intermittent hypoxia affects cartilage growth differently in mandibular and tibial cartilage of neonatal rats, leading to underdeveloped mandibular condyles and suppressed chondrogenesis in the growth-restricted condylar cartilage.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuji Oishi, Takashi Ono
Summary: This report describes a successful orthodontic treatment using the maxillary sinus as a pathway, and highlights the utility of CBCT for this procedure. The use of CBCT allowed for three-dimensional confirmation of the treatment outcomes.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shuko Arai, Chiho Kato, Ippei Watari, Takashi Ono
Summary: This study investigates the potential changes in the preferred chewing side (PCS) after orthodontic treatment and the contributing factors. The findings suggest that patient age, maximum lateral mandibular movement to PCS, and change in occlusal canting are significantly associated with PCS changes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mirei Keitoku, Ikuo Yonemitsu, Yuhei Ikeda, Huan Tang, Takashi Ono
Summary: Through experiments on rats, this study found that eliminating nasal obstruction can effectively restore maxillofacial growth, but the optimal timing of intervention varies between the maxilla and mandible.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cangyou Xie, Fatma Rashed, Yosuke Sasaki, Masud Khan, Jia Qi, Yuri Kubo, Yoshiro Matsumoto, Shinichi Sawada, Yoshihiro Sasaki, Takashi Ono, Tohru Ikeda, Kazunari Akiyoshi, Kazuhiro Aoki
Summary: This study compared the osteoconductivity of two different gels in bone formation induced by RANKL-binding peptide and BMP-2, and found that CHP-A hydrogel was more suitable than CHP-OA hydrogel for peptide-accelerated bone formation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Takashi Ono
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-disordered breathing condition with various symptoms and comorbidities that is recognized as a global health problem. Treatment options include continuous positive airway pressure therapy, oral appliances, and maxillofacial surgery. Orthodontists are increasingly focused on OSA and its impact on oral and maxillofacial regions and quality of life. This review will discuss the effects of OSA, specifically intermittent hypoxia, on individuals from birth to growth.
SEMINARS IN ORTHODONTICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Saranya Serirukchutarungsee, Ippei Watari, Pornchanok Sangsuriyothai, Masato Akakura, Takashi Ono
Summary: This study examined the impact of two-generation exposure to a high-fat diet on the craniofacial growth of rat offspring. Male offspring from the high-fat diet group showed increased body weight and larger neurocranial parameters compared to the control group. There were also slight differences in body weight and viscerocranial parameters between female offspring in the high-fat diet group and the control group.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wenqian Sun, Hidemasa Okihara, Takuya Ogawa, Hideyuki Ishidori, Eri Misawa, Chiho Kato, Takashi Ono
Summary: Chewing is essential for human health and influences central nervous system development and function. Poor masticatory performance can lead to cognitive dysfunction in older adults and children. Restoring mastication before adolescence improves cognitive function, while post-adolescent diet normalization fails to rescue mastication and impairs cognitive function. This study highlights the functional link between masticatory and cognitive function during the juvenile to adolescent period, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and proper food texture for mastication-related cognitive impairment in children.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ruixin Li, Chiho Kato, Akiyo Fujita, Yasunori Abe, Takuya Ogawa, Hideyuki Ishidori, Eri Misawa, Hidemasa Okihara, Satoshi Kokai, Takashi Ono
Summary: This study investigates the differences in rhythmic jaw movement (RJM) patterns and masticatory muscle activities during electrical stimulation in obese male Zucker rats compared to their lean counterparts. The results show that obesity affects the RJMs elicited by stimulation in the posterior part of the cortical masticatory area, resulting in a more lateral shift and slower jaw-opening pattern. During stimulation, obese rats exhibit shorter jaw-opening duration, faster jaw-opening speed, and shorter duration of anterior digastric muscle electromyographic activity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Takashi Ono, Valmy Pangrazio-Kulbersh, Letizia Perillo, Flavia Artese, Ewa Czochrowska, M. Ali Darendeliler, Steven Dugoni, William E. Fayad Bajaire, Eric Liou, Jae Hyun Park, David Rice, Abbas Zaher, Athanasios E. Athanasiou, Lee W. Graber, Nikhilesh R. Vaid
Summary: The World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO) has emphasized its support for recognized orthodontic specialty training programs worldwide and has recently revised and updated its educational guidelines to reflect the expanded scope and demands of orthodontic education and practice. The aim of these guidelines is to provide minimum program requirements to prepare orthodontic specialty residents to deliver the best level of treatment.
JOURNAL OF THE WORLD FEDERATION OF ORTHODONTISTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Masataka Narukawa, Rina Matsuda, Ippei Watari, Takashi Ono, Takumi Misaka
Summary: In this study, we investigated the effect of decreased salivary secretion on taste preference using a mouse model. We found that saliva is necessary to maintain normal taste preference, and changes in protein concentration and composition in the saliva may contribute to the changes in taste preferences observed in the desalivated mice.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sasin Sritara, Yoshiro Matsumoto, Yixin Lou, Jia Qi, Jun Aida, Takashi Ono
Summary: This study investigated the association between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology and chewing patterns, taking into account skeletal morphology, sex, age, and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A cross-sectional observational study of 102 TMJs of 80 patients was conducted using imaging, records, and questionnaires. The findings suggest that the morphology of the mandibular condyles might be related to skeletal and masticatory function, including chewing patterns.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Guan, Ikuo Yonemitsu, Yuhei Ikeda, Takashi Ono
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional mandibular lateral shift (FMLS) on masticatory muscles in growing rats and whether these effects can be reversed. FMLS was shown to lead to changes in muscle mass, fiber size, fiber type, and gene expression in the masticatory muscles. However, these changes were found to revert to normal conditions after a recovery period. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for FMLS is recommended to prevent asymmetric alterations in masticatory muscles.