期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D
卷 20, 期 2, 页码 233-252出版社
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1142/S0218271811018743
关键词
Dynamical apparent horizons; entropy; generalized second law
资金
- Algerian Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research [D01720070033]
Adopting the thin layer improved brick wall method, we investigate the thermodynamics of a black hole embedded in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. We calculate the temperature and the entropy at every apparent horizon for arbitrary solution of the scale factor. We show that the temperature and entropy display a nontrivial behavior as functions of time. In the case of black holes immersed in a universe driven by phantom energy, we show that for specific ranges of the equation-of-state parameter and apparent horizons the entropy is compatible with the D-bound conjecture, and even the null, dominant and strong energy conditions are violated. In the case of accretion of phantom energy onto a black hole with small Hawking-Hayward quasi-local mass, we obtain an equation-of-state parameter in the range w <= -5/3, guaranteeing the validity of the generalized second law.
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