Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Richard M. Christensen
Summary: The transition from ductile to brittle behavior is determined to occur at specific values of certain material properties, with a strong relationship found with the elements of the Periodic Table, particularly iron. These findings extend beyond elemental materials and have significant implications for understanding the elastic and failure properties of materials. These developments build upon previous empirical observations from Pugh [7] and provide a broader insight into material behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Jian-Ping Zhang, Dong Zhou
Summary: The particle-subdomain method (PSM) is introduced to study the brittle failure process of ice under uniaxial tension and compression, combining the advantages of particle-in-cell, finite element, and discrete element methods. By using this method, the strain rate effect and size effect with transition property of ice material can be naturally obtained and explained through internal fracture evolution process within the material. The method is able to simulate the complex failure behaviors of brittle ice and describe the progressive failure process with fracture evolution.
COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yushuang Lei, Liu Jin, Fengjuan Chen, Wenxuan Yu, Xiuli Du
Summary: This study establishes a numerical model considering strain rate and material interaction to analyze the effect of initial static loading on the dynamic shear performance of BFRP-reinforced concrete deep beams. The results demonstrate that an increase in strain rate and stirrup ratio can improve the shear capacity and deformation capacity of the beams, with strain rate playing a dominant role.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mu Wang, Xiaorun Huang, Xianheng Wang, Xinming Qiu
Summary: The paper presents an approximate solution for blast resistance of glazing under dynamic loading based on von K´arm´an equations, and verifies the static and dynamic solutions through finite element simulations. The effect of higher order deflection modes on stress prediction is discussed, confirming the accuracy of the current approximate solution in determining the maximum 1st principle stress of plates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Elide Nastri, Paolo Todisco
Summary: This study investigates the selection of failure criteria for brittle materials in masonry structures, focusing on Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, and Concrete Damaged Plasticity criteria. The results show that Concrete Damaged Plasticity criteria are more effective in capturing the actual behavior of masonry walls under monotonic excitation.
Article
Mechanics
Kanghua Jin, Lin Qi, Huaipu Kang, Weibin Wang, Yazhou Guo, Yulong Li
Summary: This study investigated the yield behavior of oxygen-free copper under complex stress states and different loading rates using an optimized cruciform specimen and a novel electromagnetic biaxial split Hopkinson bar (EBSHB). The non-contact digital image correlation technique was adopted for strain measurement, and quasi-static and dynamic yield surfaces were obtained. The von Mises criterion was found to provide better prediction of the yield surface under both quasi-static and dynamic loadings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
P. Y. Hou, M. Cai, X. W. Zhang, X. T. Feng
Summary: The study systematically analyzed the effects of axial- and lateral-strain-controlled loadings on the strength and post-peak deformation behaviors of brittle rocks. Different rock types showed varying responses under these loading conditions, with higher peak strength and lower residual strength observed under axial-strain-controlled loading. The unloading of the actuator in response to the servo-control system to maintain a constant lateral strain rate was identified as a key factor causing Class II post-peak stress-strain curves during lateral-strain-controlled loading.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sayako Hirobe, Kenji Imakita, Haruo Aizawa, Yasumasa Kato, Shingo Urata, Kenji Oguni
Summary: Residual stress field in solid materials can lead to dynamic fracture with high levels of tensile residual stress, which results in catastrophic destruction of materials due to cracks being fed with strain energy. This study proposes an effective mathematical model and numerical analysis method for dynamic fracture in residual stress field, with experiments and simulations validating the proposed method's ability to accurately evaluate the release and redistribution of residual stress.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Auriol S. P. Rae, Thomas Kenkmann, Vivek Padmanabha, Michael H. Poelchau, Frank Schaefer, Matthias A. Doerfler, Louis Mueller
Summary: Brittle deformation at high strain rates can cause fragmentation and pulverisation of rocks. The characteristic strain rates for rate-dependent brittle failure range from 150 to 300 s(-1) in the investigated lithologies. There is an empirical inverse power-law relationship between fragment size and strain rate, while fragment shape is independent of strain rate.
Article
Mechanics
Zongyue Fan, Huming Liao, Hao Jiang, Hao Wang, Bo Li
Summary: A dynamic adaptive eigenfracture algorithm is proposed to study crack propagation in brittle materials, improving convergence rate by using effective energy release rate as adaptive refinement criteria. Validation through comparison with experimental results shows excellent agreement in predicting crack angle in concrete and fracture propagation speed in PMMA. The method is effective in addressing mesh biased crack paths even with relatively coarse mesh in simulations.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yongqiang Li, Wenkai Yao, Nianzu Wang
Summary: The plasticity of brittle materials against impact can be significantly increased by introducing and designing protective structures containing microstructures. The shape of the microstructure affects the evolution characteristics and laws of the shock wave profile. Microstructures with negative Poisson's ratio have greater impact plasticity. The analysis of different microstructure shapes shows that certain shapes dominate penetration and volume shrinkage deformation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS A-SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhoujie Gu, Rongxi Shen, Zhentang Liu, Xin Zhou, Xiaoliang Li, Zesheng Zang, Li Zhang, Wei Liu, Xi Wang
Summary: By using the split Hopkinson bar system, the mechanical behavior and energy change of coal were analyzed, and it was found that cracks were produced along the axial direction of coal samples under dynamic loading. The damage degree of coal samples intensified gradually within a certain range of strain rate. A dynamic mechanical constitutive model considering the influence of strain rate was established, and the damage changes of coal samples were analyzed.
NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yu Tang, Yue Li, Xiongwen Jiang, Jiuzhou Zhao, Geng Zhao, Wenbo Xie, Wei Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of PVC foam under different strain rates and anisotropy. Experimental tests and image analysis reveal the macroscopic response and failure mode of the foam, leading to the proposal of a prediction equation and a constitutive model.
JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Michael J. Braunagel, W. Ashley Griffith
Summary: Fracture initiation and growth in rocks is a complex process that is influenced by grain-scale heterogeneity and changing stress states under dynamic loading conditions. Both crystalline and granular rocks exhibit similar fracture behaviors as engineered materials, such as rate-dependent fracture initiation toughness and a relationship between propagation toughness and crack velocity. However, the measured propagation toughness in rocks is higher than quasi-static values at lower crack velocities. Additionally, mixed mode crack propagation is fundamentally different between granite and sandstone due to grain scale controls on the fracture process.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
M. Alteneiji, K. Krishnan, Z. W. Guan, W. J. Cantwell, Y. Zhao, G. Langdon
Summary: This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the dynamic behavior of aluminium matrix syntactic foams. The compressive crush behavior of the material is found to be strain-rate sensitive. The behavior under high strain-rate loadings and the underlying failure mechanisms are analyzed to evaluate the effective mechanical performance. The numerical model is verified and the predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
A. P. Simonov, I. V. Sergeichev
Summary: The direct impact method provides a higher sample deformation rate and reliable results for materials with low yield strength and hardening rate. This study proposes an alternative procedure for calculating the strain rate in order to improve accuracy of the direct impact method for a wide range of metals and alloys. The proposed method has been validated through finite element analysis and direct impact tests, and it qualitatively changes the shape of the stress-strain curve by adding an unloading area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Qiang Wei, Zifeng Li
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic bifurcation of a column when it impacts a rigid plane vertically, which is different from the classical Eulerian static buckling. The findings show that either the dimensionless critical buckling time or the dimensionless critical buckling velocity can be used to determine whether buckling has occurred. Different dimensionless initial defects in the column result in different dimensionless displacement responses, and the nonlinear effect influences the analysis results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. C. Price, M. J. Cole, K. H. Harriss, L. S. Alesbrook, M. J. Burchell, P. J. Wozniakiewicz
Summary: This article introduces a new gas gun developed at the Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Kent, which can produce vertical impacts at speeds up to 2 km/s. The gun design, assembly, operation, and ancillary components are described in detail. The experimental results demonstrate that the gun performs as expected.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Fanny Gant, Gabriel Seisson, Patrice Longere, Skander El Mai, Jean-Luc Zinszner
Summary: The article investigates the high strain rate response of metals and alloys under radial expansion and compares different materials. The results show that different materials exhibit different responses in terms of deformation and fracture.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. D. Fitzgerald, J. D. Pecover, N. Petrinic, D. E. Eakins
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism for the destruction of thick flyers accelerated using electric guns and proposes strategies for mitigating their break-up based on experimental results and mathematical models. The findings suggest that limiting the maximum pressure within the flyer and extending the current rise time can prevent flyer failure, increasing the efficiency and shock duration of the electric gun.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Guowen Gao, Enling Tang, Guolai Yang, Yafei Han, Mengzhou Chang, Kai Guo, Liping He
Summary: In this study, the dynamic constitutive model of Al/Ep/W material was investigated and verified through experiments and numerical simulations. The proposed model accurately described the mechanical behavior of the material under high strain rates, providing an important reference for evaluating the response characteristics of the new energetic material projectile to lightweight aluminum armor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Minzu Liang, Meng Zhou, Xiangyu Li, Yuliang Lin, Fangyun Lu
Summary: UHMWPE fiber mesh reinforced polyurea composites improve structural strength and blast resistance performance, and can alter the failure mode. Loose filler is generated as polyurea melts and fragments penetrate. Joint loads are classified into three categories based on their connection and duration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ashutosh Jha, Guglielmo Cimolai, Iman Dayyani
Summary: The present article introduces the Zero Poisson's Ratio Fish Cells metamaterial and investigates the effects of Poisson's ratio on the crashworthiness of different lattice structures. Numerical results demonstrate that the Zero Poisson's Ratio model possesses greater stability and structural integrity with minimal edge deformations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hongbo Zhang, Dayong Hu, Xubin Ye, Xin Chen, Yuhuai He
Summary: This study investigated the impact of spherical foreign objects on simulated blade edges through experimental and theoretical analysis. The experimental results showed that increasing impact energy resulted in larger damage sizes, and three distinct types of deformations were observed in FOD. Accurate FOD prediction models were developed using linear and power formulas. The theoretical analysis using a spring-mass system based on Winkler's elastic-plastic foundation theory yielded results in good agreement with experimental measurements, providing a reference for fatigue life assessment of aeroengine blades.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
L. M. Reitter, Y. A. Malik, A. B. Jahn, I. V. Roisman, J. Hussong
Summary: This study characterizes the dynamic strength of wet granular ice layers through impact tests. The results reveal strong connections between ice particles in ice layers generated by ice crystal accretion. Comparable strength values can be obtained by reinforcing ice particle connections in ice layers prepared in the laboratory.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kyle Mao, Genevieve Toussaint, Alexandra Komrakova, James D. Hogan
Summary: In this study, the Generalized Incremental Stress State dependent damage MOdel (GISSMO) is used to simulate the high-velocity impact failure of Armox 500T steel. The GISSMO is calibrated and validated using experimental data from the literature, and is then applied to investigate the impact failure behaviors of bi-layered steel systems. The results provide new capabilities and insights for the design of armor structures and evaluation of impact failure behaviors in Armox 500T/RHA bi-layered systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Asim Onder
Summary: This paper investigates the performance of bumper plates with wavy surfaces under hypervelocity impact and finds that they are more effective in decreasing the impact energy compared to flat plates. The study also reveals the distinctive debris cloud generation that has never been reported before.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhi-Yong Yin, Xiao-wei Chen
Summary: This study numerically reveals three typical fracture modes of explosively-driven metal shells and investigates the influencing factors of different fracture modes through experimental data and dimensional analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jiri Pachman, David J. Chapman, Marek Foglar, Martin Kunzel, William G. Proud
Summary: Through the study of different types of concrete, it was found that despite their compositional complexity, range of compressive strengths, and reinforcement methods, the average Hugoniot data were remarkably similar between different concrete types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Konstantin Kappe, Klaus Hoschke, Werner Riedel, Stefan Hiermaier
Summary: This paper presents a multi-objective optimization procedure for effectively designing gradient lattice structures under dynamic loading. The aim is to maximize energy absorption characteristics and achieve a lightweight design. Through considering design variables such as the relative density and density gradient, the peak crushing force reduction and maximized specific energy absorption are simultaneously optimized. A simplified beam-based finite element model is used to efficiently model and simulate the lattice structures. An artificial neural network is trained to predict energy absorbing characteristics and find optimal lattice structure configurations. The network is trained using a multi response adaptive sampling algorithm, allowing parallel simulation with automatically generated finite element models. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is then used to find optimal combinations of design parameters for lattice structures under different impact velocities and cell topologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)