Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Alexander Clark, David Forner, Christopher W. Noel, Gerard Corsten, Paul Hong
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether children with recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) without middle ear effusion (MEE) ultimately received tympanostomy tube placement. The results showed that 91% of patients presenting without MEE did not require tympanostomy tubes. This suggests that adhering to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for RAOM may lead to a reduced need for surgery within the first year after the initial diagnosis.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Correction
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander E. Perl, Giovanni Martinelli, Jorge E. Cortes, Andreas Neubauer, Ellin Berman, Stefania Paolini, Pau Montesinos, Maria R. Baer, Richard A. Larson, Celalettin Ustun, Francesco Fabbiano, Harry P. Erba, Antonio Di Stasi, Robert Stuart, Rebecca Olin, Margaret Kasner, Fabio Ciceri, Wen-Chien Chou, Nikolai Podoltsev, Christian Recher, Hisayuki Yokoyama, Naoko Hosono, Sung-Soo Yoon, Je-Hwan Lee, Timothy Pardee, Amir T. Fathi, Chaofeng Liu, Nahla Hasabou, Xuan Liu, Erkut Bahceci, Mark J. Levis
Summary: The article contains errors in the numbers of patients receiving previous FLT3 inhibitor therapy and requires correction.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Oren Ziv, Dana Adelson, Reem Sadeh, Sofia Kordeluk, Sabri El-Saied, Eugene Leibovitz, Mordechai Kraus, Daniel Kaplan
Summary: This retrospective cohort study showed that immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) significantly reduced the occurrence of recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) in infants following an early episode of acute otitis media (AOM).
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Huiqian Yu, Dantong Gu, Fangzhou Yu, Qingzhong Li
Summary: This study evaluates the additional benefits of social distancing in reducing the prevalence of acute otitis media (AOM) in children, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the implementation of social distancing measures in 2020 led to a 63.6% reduction in AOM outpatient attendance, indicating that social distancing, mask usage, and good hand hygiene can significantly decrease the incidence of AOM.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kyu Hyun Park, Seung-Ah Choe, Ju-Young Shin, Young June Choe
Summary: This study describes the changing patterns of antibiotic use in children with acute otitis media in South Korea. The prescription of amoxicillin has increased while cephalosporin and macrolide use has decreased. Multifaceted approaches are needed to control antimicrobial resistance.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Elena Lia Spoiala, Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu, Veronica Bild, Daniela Carmen Ababei, Cristina Gavrilovici
Summary: This paper focuses on the current insights into the antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) in children, including preclinical evaluation, overview of new antimicrobial agents, and analysis of different guidelines. Treatment preference varies depending on the causative organism, with amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate combination being the preferred agents for Streptococcus pneumoniae-related AOM. The decision to prescribe antimicrobial treatment is based on symptom severity in most guidelines reviewed.
Article
Pediatrics
Elisa Barbieri, Gloria Porcu, Tianyan Hu, Tanaz Petigara, Francesca Senese, Gian Marco Prandi, Antonio Scamarcia, Luigi Cantarutti, Anna Cantarutti, Carlo Giaquinto
Summary: This study aimed to assess the incidence trends of acute otitis media (AOM) in children following the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Italy. The results showed a significant decrease in AOM incidence rates after the introduction of PCV13, with older children benefiting the most.
Article
Immunology
Michael E. Pichichero, Timothy J. Chapman, Peter Bajorski
Summary: The study revealed that otitis-prone children are more susceptible to respiratory infections, showing higher rates of pneumonia, acute sinusitis, and influenza compared to non-otitis-prone children. This increased susceptibility was present from 6 months to 5 years of age, indicating the importance of monitoring and managing respiratory infections in otitis-prone children.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Cristina Gavrilovici, Elena-Lia Spoiala, Ingrith-Crenguta Miron, Iuliana Magdalena Starcea, Codruta Olimpiada Iliescu Halitchi, Irina Nicoleta Zetu, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Carmen Panzaru
Summary: Acute otitis media (AOM) remains a major reason for antibiotic use in children, despite the availability of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. A study conducted in a pediatric emergency hospital in Romania found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were the most common bacteria associated with AOM. Alarmingly, a high proportion of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were resistant to multiple drugs. This highlights the importance of addressing antimicrobial resistance to minimize the negative impact on healthcare costs.
Article
Immunology
Isabella O. Conway, Marcia Kurs-Lasky, Nader Shaikh
Summary: In this study, we compared the distribution of organisms in the nasopharynx and middle ear fluid in episodes of acute otitis media in young children. We found that Moraxella catarrhalis is isolated from middle ear fluid in only 11% of cases with nasopharyngeal colonization by this organism, in contrast to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ali A. H. Altamimi, Monique Robinson, Eman M. A. Alenezi, Robyn S. M. Choi, Christopher G. Brennan-Jones
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the psychological well-being and family functioning of caregivers of children with early-life recurrent otitis media (OM). The results showed that having a child with rOM in early childhood had a negative impact on caregivers' psychological well-being in the first five years, but did not significantly affect the longer-term functioning of the family as a whole.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Gijs van Ingen, Carlijn M. P. le Clercq, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Henriette A. Moll, Liesbeth Duijts, Hein Raat, Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong, Marc P. van der Schroeff
Summary: This study identified three distinct trajectories of acute otitis media (AOM) in childhood and associated determinants, such as gender, daycare attendance, and breastfeeding, with specific AOM trajectories. Half of all AOM-prone children recovered after the age of 3 years. Further research is needed to predict which children will remain otitis-prone and tailor treatment accordingly.
CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Su Young Jung, Dokyoung Kim, Dong Choon Park, Eun Hye Lee, Yong-Sung Choi, Jeewon Ryu, Sang Hoon Kim, Seung Geun Yeo
Summary: Otitis media is caused by various factors including infections, anatomo-physiological abnormalities, allergies, and environmental influences. This study highlights the immune responses in otitis media patients, focusing on antibodies and transcription factors produced by B cells, as well as the important functions of B cells in immune defense.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Cristina Gavrilovici, Elena-Lia Spoiala, Anca-Viorica Ivanov, Adriana Mocanu, Violeta Streanga, Mirabela-Smaranda Alecsa, Ingrith Miron
Summary: Obesity may be associated with the incidence of otitis media (OM), and vice versa. The main mechanisms for developing OM in obese patients include alteration in cytokine profile, increased gastroesophageal reflux, and fat accumulation.
Article
Pediatrics
Laura Lempinen, Anu Laulajainen-Hongisto, Antti A. Aarnisalo, Luis Bernardino, Heikki Peltola, Anne Pitkaranta, Tuula Pelkonen, Jussi Jero
Summary: This study investigated the bacterial etiology, hearing impairment, and outcome of childhood bacterial meningitis (BM) with or without otitis media (OM) in Angola. It was found that hearing impairment was common on day 7 of hospitalization, regardless of the presence of OM. Any hearing deficit on day 7 was associated with a higher risk of complicated or fatal clinical course.
Article
Virology
Cihan Papan, Alberto Argentiero, Ortwin Adams, Marian Porwoll, Ummaya Hakim, Edoardo Farinelli, Ilaria Testa, Maria B. Pasticci, Daniele Mezzetti, Katia Perruccio, Arne Simon, Johannes G. Liese, Markus Knuf, Michal Stein, Renata Yacobov, Ellen Bamberger, Sven Schneider, Susanna Esposito, Tobias Tenenbaum
Summary: This study found that viral load is associated with biomarkers and may serve as a complementary tool for assessing disease severity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Serafina Perrone, Sara Manti, Luca Buttarelli, Chiara Petrolini, Giovanni Boscarino, Laura Filonzi, Eloisa Gitto, Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito, Francesco Nonnis Marzano
Summary: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still a significant burden in neonatal care, and its definition is currently based on treatment rather than diagnostic criteria. BPD is associated with various prenatal and postnatal risk factors, causing distorted lung development and function. Inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in BPD development, with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) being an important candidate. This educational review discusses the inflammatory pathways in BPD and highlights the role of VEGFA, providing an overview of current evidence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Javier Diez-Domingo, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Weber, Cristina Epalza, Archana Chatterjee, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chien-Yu Lin, Andrea A. Berry, Federico Martinon-Torres, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Joanne M. Langley, Jose T. Ramos Amador, Joseph B. Domachowske, Li-Min Huang, Nan-Chang Chiu, Susanna Esposito, Philippe Moris, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Vanja Nikic, Wayne Woo, Yingjun Zhou, Ilse Dieussaert, Amanda Leach, Antonio Gonzalez Lopez, Nicolas Vanhoutte
Summary: This study tested a new candidate RSV vaccine in toddlers who had a previous RSV infection. The vaccine was effective in preventing RSV-related illnesses and triggered an antibody response that could neutralize the virus. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or RSV-related hospitalizations were reported during the study.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Elena Capra, Brigida Stanyevic, Antonella Giudice, Delia Monopoli, Nicola Mattia Decarolis, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the nutrition and metabolic diseases in children and adolescents, leading to an increase in overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The accessibility to healthcare services has been limited, resulting in delayed diagnosis and more severe presentation of type 1 diabetes. Further studies are required to investigate these relationships and develop strategies to mitigate the nutritional and metabolic impact in the developmental ages.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sabrina Cenni, Veronica Sesenna, Giulia Boiardi, Marianna Casertano, Giovanni Di Nardo, Susanna Esposito, Caterina Strisciuglio
Summary: The Mediterranean diet, rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, has been recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide. Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between the Mediterranean diet and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. This narrative review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in preventing and managing these disorders, providing a useful overview.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gianluca Bossu, Giovanni Autore, Luca Bernardi, Danilo Buonsenso, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Susanna Esposito
Summary: According to the latest report from WHO, around 10.0 million people were affected by tuberculosis (TB) in 2020, with 12% being children under 15 years old. Limited knowledge and lack of registered drugs suitable for pediatric use pose challenges in treating multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) in children. This review focuses on therapeutic options and prophylactic management of MDR-TB in children.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Danilo Buonsenso, Francesca Cusenza, Lucrezia Passadore, Francesca Bonanno, Claudia De Guido, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This study reviewed the duration of immune memory and risk of reinfection in children previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated. The evidence suggests that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop long-lasting immunity but have reduced cross-reactivity against the Omicron variant. Vaccination, on the other hand, provides better cross-neutralization against both pre-Omicron and Omicron variants. Based on these findings, it is recommended to offer booster vaccinations to children infected before Omicron and to more vulnerable children infected with Omicron.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Cannalire, Simone Pilloni, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci, Anna Di Franco, Maria Elisabeth Street
Summary: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its isoenzymes play a crucial role in reflecting bone metabolism. ALP increases mineralization and reduces the concentration of an inhibitor of mineral formation. Different isoenzymes of ALP are expressed in different tissues and the bone isoenzyme (B-ALP) is involved in bone turnover. ALP measurements are important in the diagnosis, differentiation, and follow-up of rickets.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Giulia Dal Canto, Tawaddud Hassan Eisa Artaiga, Abdulrahman Ibrahiem Mohamed, Hayat Amin Makki Hassan, Doaa Mahmoud Adam, Moram Awadalla Ibrahiem Ahmed, Jihad Motwali, Manuela Valenti, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death in children under five in developing countries, causing approximately 500,000 deaths annually. Due to the lack of diagnostic tests, empirical therapy is often used to treat diarrheal disease. This case study highlights the life-threatening complications of amoebiasis in children with severe acute malnutrition, emphasizing the need for a rapid and inexpensive diagnostic test and further research on antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Review
Microbiology
Ilaria Testa, Oliviero Crescenzi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians, and the features of gut microbiota in CF patients have been found to be altered, with reduced richness and diversity. The imbalanced gut microbial population, with a higher population of pro-inflammatory bacteria and scarcer immunomodulatory genera, may contribute to the development of systemic inflammation and affect clinical outcomes. Manipulation of gut microbiota could potentially be considered as an intervention to regulate the severity and progression of CF.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nicola Principi, Giovanni Autore, Serafina Perrone, Susanna Esposito
Summary: RSV is a common respiratory virus that has a significant impact on patients, healthcare systems, and society worldwide. This paper discusses the characteristics of RSV and the current development of new pharmacological measures against this virus.
EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Danilo Buonsenso, Giovanni Autore, Francesca Cusenza, Lucrezia Passadore, Francesca Bonanno, Susanna Esposito
Summary: The spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has led to the development of new drugs and the reappraisal of old drugs. Ensuring access to child-friendly medicines for drug-resistant TB is crucial for reducing the global burden of TB. This perspective highlights the need for child-friendly formulations of second-line drugs to improve adherence to treatment regimens and prevent the development of additional drug resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Letizia Paglialonga, Camilla Aurelio, Nicola Principi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This article summarizes the available evidence on the return to play in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting a clinical practice algorithm and highlighting priorities for future studies. The severity of COVID-19 and the presence of underlying diseases are criteria for identifying subjects requiring laboratory and radiological tests before returning to physical activity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Mariotti Zani, Roberto Grandinetti, Daniela Cunico, Lisa Torelli, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure due to malabsorption caused by chloride transport derangement. Optimal nutritional care and support are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and life expectancy. This report analyzes the nutrition support in CF patients of different ages, focusing on the relationship with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes, and the use of CFTR modulators. Early nutrition support in CF should aim at achieving optimal nutritional status to support growth and development in children and maintain it in adulthood. This involves a high calorie, high-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. Supplemental enteral feeding may be needed when oral intake is insufficient. CFTR modulators have positive effects on nutritional status, including weight gain, BMI improvement, pulmonary function, and reduction of exacerbations. Challenges remain in developing new drugs to transform CF into a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole Mussi, Roberta Forestiero, Giulia Zambelli, Letizia Rossi, Maria Rosaria Caramia, Valentina Fainardi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the main manifestation of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy are the most common causes of upper airway lumen reduction in children aged 2 years or older. Both surgical and non-surgical options are effective treatments for OSA in children.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)