Article
Thermodynamics
Junjie Teng, Kai Wang, Shaolong Zhu, Shiran Bao, Xiaoqin Zhi, Xiaobin Zhang, Limin Qiu
Summary: This paper evaluates the application effects of three methods for converting hydrogen ortho-para hydrogen saturation on the hydrogen liquefaction process, as well as differences in temperature distribution, conversion heat consumption, and energy consumption indicators. The optimization results show that the continuous conversion method can complete the hydrogen liquefaction process with the lowest energy consumption, reducing energy consumption by 21.8% and 28.7% compared to adiabatic and isothermal conversion methods, respectively. Thermochemical analysis results show that the exergy consumption associated with dissipating conversion heat is lowest for the continuous conversion method, followed by adiabatic conversion, and the highest for isothermal conversion.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tongtong Zhang, Joao Uratani, Yixuan Huang, Lejin Xu, Steve Griffiths, Yulong Ding
Summary: The global energy sector is responsible for 75% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen, a low-carbon energy carrier, is considered crucial for transitioning to a decarbonized energy system. The concept of a hydrogen economy is seen as a key part of this transition. Liquid hydrogen, due to its high energy density, ambient storage pressure, purity, and mature technology, is suitable for long-distance transport and has gained increased attention. However, challenges such as energy-intensive liquefaction and hydrogen boil-off losses hinder the development of the liquid hydrogen system. This review focuses on the current state of technology related to the liquid hydrogen supply chain and discusses its potential role in the emerging global hydrogen economy.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
David Berstad, Geir Skaugen, Oivind Wilhelmsen
Summary: The study analyzes a hydrogen liquefier that may be achievable without intermediate demonstration phases and decomposes all irreversibilities to the component level, aiming to identify the most promising routes for improving the process. The overall power requirement of the hydrogen liquefier is found to be 7.09 kWh/kg, with the main contributions to irreversibilities coming from the Claude cycle and pre-cooling to 114K.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ahmad Naquash, Amjad Riaz, Hyunhee Lee, Muhammad Abdul Qyyum, Sanggyu Lee, Su Shiung Lam, Moonyong Lee
Summary: Hydrogen has high gravimetric energy density but low volumetric energy density. The addition of HFO-1234yf to the precooling mixed refrigerant can reduce energy consumption and improve exergy efficiency, but it also increases the total equipment cost.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuhang Chen, Changxu Qiu, Yunwei Shen, Xuan Tao, Zhihua Gan
Summary: Liquid hydrogen plays a crucial role in reducing greenhouse effects and this study proposes a coupling process of large-scale hydrogen liquefaction with liquefied air energy storage (LAES) to improve economic efficiency. By coupling LAES, the electricity costs associated with hydrogen liquefaction can be reduced and the efficiency can be enhanced. The results show a clear economic advantage with the coupling process, leading to a reduction in total annual cost and hydrogen cost.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ju-Eon Bae, Supaporn Wilailak, Jae-Hyeon Yang, Dong-Yeol Yun, Umer Zahid, Chul-Jin Lee
Summary: This study focuses on the energy density of liquid hydrogen and CO2 emissions in the production process. Through optimization and cost analysis, the optimal performance that balances cost and CO2 emissions in liquid hydrogen production was identified.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ram R. Ratnakar, Nikunj Gupta, Kun Zhang, Casimir van Doorne, James Fesmire, Birol Dindoruk, Vemuri Balakotaiah
Summary: Hydrogen is considered a future fuel with LH2 technology having great potential. Development of cost-effective and safe technologies for storage and transportation is crucial for commercial widespread use. Storage and delivery are key enablers for global hydrogen technology but face challenges due to extremely low temperature constraints.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
P. Muthukumar, Alok Kumar, Mahvash Afzal, Satyasekhar Bhogilla, Pratibha Sharma, Abhishek Parida, Sayantan Jana, E. Anil Kumar, Ranjith Krishna Pai, I. P. Jain
Summary: Continuous population growth and enhanced living standards have led to a significant increase in global energy demand. To ensure sustainability, the integration of renewable energy sources with large-scale hydrogen generation and storage units is necessary. This review provides an overview of the worldwide development status of various hydrogen storage technologies, including compressed, cryogenic, liquid organic hydrogen carrier, and solid-state storage. It also covers the classification of tank materials, underground storage sites, and comparisons of liquefaction cycles and economics of hydrogen production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yikun Yang, Jing Yao, Huan Wang, Fusheng Yang, Zhen Wu, Zaoxiao Zhang
Summary: This study develops a two-dimensional model of a large-scale liquid organic hydrogen carrier reactor using NEC as a case to explore the dehydrogenation behavior. The influences of operating parameters and geometry parameters on the dehydrogenation are investigated, and optimal parameters are suggested for performance optimization.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yujing Bi, Liang Yin, Tianbiao He, Yonglin Ju
Summary: A novel hydrogen liquefaction process based on dual-path hydrogen refrigeration is proposed and optimized for high efficiency and low consumption. The system shows better performance under lower energy consumption, as demonstrated through simulations and analyses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jianlu Zhu, Guocong Wang, Yuxing Li, Zhili Duo, Chongzheng Sun
Summary: This study proposed a method of using parallel genetic algorithm combined with simulation software for optimization of hydrogen liquefaction process, which can significantly improve the specific energy consumption and heat exchange efficiency of the system, and enhance the process performance of the system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fengyuan Yan, Jinliang Geng, Guangxin Rong, Heng Sun, Lei Zhang, Jinxu Li
Summary: This study proposes an integrated liquefaction process of hydrogen and natural gas using mixed refrigerant cycle and hydrogen Claude cycle. It achieves sustainability and energy efficiency by coupling a steam methane reforming process, a carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle, and a solar energy absorption refrigeration system. Simulations and optimizations using HYSYS and particle swarm optimization algorithm are conducted, along with energy, exergy, and economic analyses.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kaiyu Li, Yitong Gao, Shengan Zhang, Guilian Liu
Summary: The hydrogen liquefaction process combined with bioethanol producing hydrogen process and multistage compressor process has been designed, simulated and analyzed, showing improved system performance and optimized energy consumption and efficiency. The study reveals a significant impact of hydrogen liquefaction ratio on system performance, with an optimal ratio of 0.89 resulting in a 12.94% reduction in energy consumption and a total exergy efficiency of 43.60%.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Seungsik Cho, Jinwoo Park, Wonjun Noh, Inkyu Lee, Il Moon
Summary: This study aims to reduce the specific energy consumption and specific liquefaction cost of hydrogen liquefaction by integrating LNG cold energy. The optimization results in a significant decrease in specific energy consumption and specific liquefaction cost, providing a guideline for LNG-dependent countries to recover waste cold energy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinkwang Lee, Younseok Choi, Sanghyun Che, Minsoo Choi, Daejun Chang
Summary: This study proposes the integrated designs of energy systems and a re-liquefaction system for ocean-going LH2 tankers. The optimal design, System C, was determined based on evaluations of economic value, technological feasibility, and environmental impact, considering factors such as exergy efficiency, specific energy consumption, and lifecycle cost.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)