Article
Plant Sciences
Ke-Lin Huang, Jing Tian, Huan Wang, Yi-Fan Fu, Yang Li, Yong Zheng, Xue-Bao Li
Summary: BnFAX6 mediates fatty acid export from plastids to regulate lipid biosynthesis and release of axillary bud dormancy by enhancing linoleic acid level in Brassica napus buds.
Article
Agronomy
Yushuang Song, Simin Li, Yi Sui, Hongxiang Zheng, Guoliang Han, Xi Sun, Wenjing Yang, Hailian Wang, Kunyang Zhuang, Fanying Kong, Qingwei Meng, Na Sui
Summary: The study revealed that SbbHLH85 plays a crucial role in root development and salt tolerance in sweet sorghum, with its overexpression leading to increased root hair length and number, promoting Na+ uptake via signaling pathways, and interacting with PHF1 to modulate phosphate distribution.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Aaron Chun Hou Ang, Lars Ostergaard
Summary: Auxin is a crucial regulator in plant growth and development. The traditional canonical auxin-signalling pathway cannot explain all aspects of auxin biology, but recent studies have discovered non-canonical pathways which mediate rapid auxin responses.
Article
Plant Sciences
Taras Pasternak, Ivan A. Paponov, Serhii Kondratenko
Summary: Procedures have been optimized for direct regeneration of entire plants from shoot and root protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana, including adjustments to culture media, detection protocols, and optimization of cell reprogramming. Cell division competence was detected through DNA replication events and high cell density, and further optimized by applying glutathione to increase sensitivity to cell cycle activation by auxin. The developed protocol allows investigation into the molecular mechanism of somatic plant cell de-differentiation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Pei-jung Hsu, Mei-Chen Tan, Hwei-Ling Shen, Ya-Huei Chen, Ya-Ying Wang, San-Gwang Hwang, Ming-Hau Chiang, Quang-Vuong Le, Wen-Shuo Kuo, Ying-Chan Chou, Shih-Yun Lin, Guang-Yuh Jauh, Wan-Hsing Cheng
Summary: SAHY1 is a nucleolar protein involved in ribosome biogenesis, playing critical roles in normal plant growth in association with auxin transport and signaling. Dysfunction of SAHY1 primarily causes the accumulation of various pre-rRNA intermediates, affecting ribosome composition and impairing mitotic activity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ke Xu, Joris Jourquin, Xiangyu Xu, Ive De Smet, Ana Fernandez, Tom Beeckman
Summary: During root exploration, roots adapt to different conditions and interact with their environment. Asymmetric molecular patterns guide directional root growth, but the mechanisms of their establishment and dynamic regulation are not well understood. Asymmetric gradients of the phytohormone auxin are established through polarized auxin transporters, mainly during root gravitropism. GOLVEN-ROOT GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE signaling in lateral root cap cells plays a crucial role in root gravitropism by regulating the plasma membrane abundance of PIN-FORMED2 in Arabidopsis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ruizhen Yang, Pan Liu, Tianren Zhang, Huixue Dong, Yexing Jing, Ziyi Yang, Sha Tang, Yu Zhang, Mingjie Lv, Jun Liu, Yunwei Zhang, Weihua Qiao, Jie Liu, Jiaqiang Sun
Summary: The plant-specific protein BLISTER acts as a positive regulator of BR signaling and skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. It interacts with and phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 for degradation, while BR inhibits the degradation of BLISTER. BLISTER cooperates with the transcription factor BZR1 to activate BR-responsive genes and also regulates gibberellin biosynthesis for skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhiyang Yuan, Kai Fan, Yuntong Wang, Li Tian, Chaopu Zhang, Wenqiang Sun, Hanzi He, Sibin Yu
Summary: This study cloned and characterized the rice seed storability-related gene OsGH3-2, which was shown to affect seed storability by regulating the accumulation level of abscisic acid (ABA). Transgenic, knockout, and knockdown experiments revealed that OsGH3-2 acted as a negative regulator of seed storability by modulating genes related to the ABA pathway and late embryogenesis-abundant proteins.
Article
Plant Sciences
Bowen Zheng, Qunwei Bai, Chenxi Li, Lihaitian Wang, Qiang Wei, Khawar Ali, Wenjuan Li, Shengdi Huang, Hongxing Xu, Guishuang Li, Hongyan Ren, Guang Wu
Summary: This study investigates the signaling cascade of BR in plants. The findings reveal that the receptor NILR1 can complement the function of the mutant bri1 in the absence of BRs, indicating a pathway that resembles the BR signaling activated by BRI1. It is also demonstrated that NILR1 and BRI1 share the coreceptor BRI1 Associated Kinase 1 and substrate BSKs. Additionally, the downstream pathway mediated by NILR1 is conserved across land plants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng Wang, Panpan Li, Yao Ma, Xiang Nie, Markus Grebe, Shuzhen Men
Summary: The composition of plant membrane sterols has been found to antagonistically affect auxin biosynthesis, thus influencing plant growth and gravitropism. This study sheds light on a previously unexplored sterol-dependent modulation of auxin biosynthesis during root elongation in Arabidopsis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shih-Heng Su, Alexander Moen, Rien M. Groskopf, Katherine L. Baldwin, Brian Vesperman, Patrick H. Masson
Summary: Clinostats are used to rotate biological specimens, triggering root tip curvature in response to low-speed clinorotation. The direction of root tip curvature is dictated by gravitropism during the first half-turn of clinorotation, and the angle is modulated by the speed of rotation. Mutations affecting gravity susception or signal transduction in Arabidopsis impact the root tip curvature response. Low-speed vertical clinorotation leads to relocalization of auxin efflux facilitator, creating a lateral gradient of auxin across the root tip. Different accessions of Brachypodium distachyon display varying abilities to develop root tip curvature in response to clinorotation, suggesting the potential use of genome-wide association studies in further investigating this process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haiyue Ai, Julia Bellstaedt, Kai Steffen Bartusch, Lennart Eschen-Lippold, Steve Babben, Gerd Ulrich Balcke, Alain Tissier, Bettina Hause, Tonni Grube Andersen, Carolin Delker, Marcel Quint
Summary: Roots are able to sense and respond to elevated temperature independently of shoot-derived signals. This response is mediated by an unknown root thermosensor that uses auxin as a messenger to relay temperature signals to the cell cycle. Growth promotion is primarily achieved by increasing cell division rates in the root apical meristem, dependent on de novo local auxin biosynthesis and temperature-sensitive organization of the polar auxin transport system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Stitz, David Kuster, Maximilian Reinert, Mikhail Schepetilnikov, Beatrice Berthet, Jazmin Reyes-Hernandez, Denis Janocha, Anthony Artins, Marc Boix, Rossana Henriques, Anne Pfeiffer, Jan Lohmann, Emmanuel Gaquerel, Alexis Maizel
Summary: Plant organogenesis requires the matching of metabolic resources with developmental programs. The root system in Arabidopsis is determined by primary root-derived lateral roots (LRs) and adventitious roots (ARs) formed from non-root organs. Lateral root formation requires the activation of transcription factors ARF7, ARF19, and LBD16. Adventitious root formation relies on the activation of LBD16 by auxin and WOX11. The allocation of shoot-derived sugar to the roots affects branching, but the mechanism of LRs formation is still unknown.
Article
Plant Sciences
Huabin Liu, Qiong Luo, Chao Tan, Jia Song, Tan Zhang, Shuzhen Men
Summary: Auxin plays an important role in the coordinated development of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat during seed development. In this study, the distribution pattern and function of auxin during Arabidopsis seed development were investigated. It was found that auxin response signals exhibited a dynamic distribution pattern, with strong signals observed at specific locations in the seed coat. Auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin carriers were identified as contributing factors to the accumulation and polar distribution of auxin in the seed coat. Furthermore, the accumulation of auxin in the seed coat was found to regulate seed size. These findings provide valuable insights and tools for improving crop yields.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kacper Dziewit, Ales Pencik, Katarzyna Dobrzynska, Ondrej Novak, Bozena Szal, Anna Podgorska
Summary: NH4+-mediated accelerated auxin turnover rates lead to transient and local IAA peaks. The distinct auxin pattern in tissues is correlated with the short and highly branched root system adaptations of NH4+-grown plants. The spatiotemporal distribution of auxin may act as a root-shaping signal specific for adapting to NH4+ stress conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Irina Kneuper, William Teale, Jonathan Edward Dawson, Ryuji Tsugeki, Eleni Katifori, Klaus Palme, Franck Anicet Ditengou
Summary: This study reveals a synergistic relationship between auxin biosynthesis and cellular auxin efflux in leaf vein development, explaining the formation of midvein morphology through computational modeling. The findings suggest that the site-specific accumulation of auxin, regulated by the balanced action of cellular auxin efflux and local auxin biosynthesis, is crucial for leaf vein formation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pengbo Liang, Clara Schmitz, Beatrice Lace, Franck Anicet Ditengou, Chao Su, Eija Schulze, Julian Knerr, Robert Grosse, Jean Keller, Cyril Libourel, Pierre-Marc Delaux, Thomas Ott
Summary: Legumes have the ability to associate with rhizobia for nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis. In Medicago truncatula, root hair colonization by Sinorhizobium meliloti begins from young root hairs, which physically entwine around the symbiont to form rhizobial traps. This unique process involves alterations in membrane organization, cytosolic calcium gradient, actin rearrangements, and symbiotic responses in legumes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sha Tang, Mojgan Shahriari, Jishan Xiang, Taras Pasternak, Anna Igolkina, Somayeh Aminizade, Hui Zhi, Yuanzhu Gao, Farshad Roodbarkelari, Yi Sui, Guanqing Jia, Chuanyin Wu, Linlin Zhang, Lirong Zhao, Xugang Li, Georgy Meshcheryakov, Maria Samsonova, Xianmin Diao, Klaus Palme, William Teale
Summary: C-4 photosynthesis increases carbon fixation efficiency by separating molecular oxygen from Rubisco, and the evolution of C-4 root system architecture is not well understood. In this study, AUX1 gene is identified to play an important role in root system development in the C-4 plant Setaria. The findings provide insights into the root anatomy of C-4 plants and the function of the SiAUX1 gene.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Taras Pasternak, Jose Manuel Perez-Perez
Summary: This article discusses the importance of a multiscale description of plant root structure and provides a detailed description of quantitative methods for 3D analysis of root features at single-cell resolution. Different species show divergence in chromatin organization and cell volume distribution within the root apical meristem (RAM), which can be used to study root zonation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Taras Pasternak, Stefan Kircher, Jose Manuel Perez Perez, Klaus Palme
Summary: A simple pipeline of marker-free histological techniques enables the precise mapping of cell cycle stages in the root apical meristem, allowing for dynamic chromatin studies. This study presents a pipeline that simultaneously determines cellular parameters, nucleus geometry, and cell cycle kinetics in the root apical meristem (RAM). The method uses marker-free techniques for nucleus and cell boundary detection and EdU staining for DNA replication quantification. The study finds that differences in cell volume, nucleus volume, and nucleus shape exist across different domains of the Arabidopsis RAM, and DNA replication patterns are influenced by cell layer and region. The duration of the G2 phase and endocycle are also associated with certain features of nucleus geometry.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi Yang, Fang Liu, Le Liu, Mingyue Zhu, Jinfeng Yuan, Yan-Xia Mai, Jun-Jie Zou, Jie Le, Yonghong Wang, Klaus Palme, Xugang Li, Yong Wang, Long Wang
Summary: Gravity-induced root curvature relies on the asymmetric distribution of auxin, which is regulated by the concerted activities of PIN and AUX1 proteins. However, the mechanism underlying the establishment of auxin gradient remains unclear. In this study, a mutant with abnormal root growth and impaired gravitropic response was identified. The gene responsible for this phenotype encodes AtURI, a protein involved in endomembrane trafficking and auxin distribution regulation. AtURI interacts with PFDs to modulate PIN2 recycling and auxin distribution in roots.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Abelardo Modrego, Taras Pasternak, Moutasem Omary, Alfonso Albacete, Antonio Cano, Jose Manuel Perez-Perez, Idan Efroni
Summary: The removal of the root system triggers the formation of new roots from the remaining shoot, a process primarily regulated by the phytohormone auxin. In this study, the tomato mutation rosette (ro) was found to have a deficiency in shoot-borne root formation and reduced auxin transport rates. The ro gene was identified as the tomato ortholog of BIG and UBR4/p600 genes, which are known to regulate auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana and calcium homeostasis in mammals. The study suggests that the RO/BIG protein maintains auxin flow by stabilizing the membrane localization of the auxin transporter PIN1, potentially through attenuating the inhibitory effect of calcium on cytoplasmic streaming.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Taras Pasternak, Klaus Palme, Jose Manuel Perez-Perez
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in plant biology, acting as important signal transduction molecules and as toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism that accumulate in cells upon exposure to different stressors and lead to cell death. In this study, it was found that ROS is an important modulator of auxin distribution and response in plant roots. Genetic alterations in ROS balance led to defective auxin distribution and growth-related responses in roots.
Article
Plant Sciences
Tomas M. Tessi, Veronica G. G. Maurino, Mojgan Shahriari, Esther Meissner, Ondrej Novak, Taras Pasternak, Benjamin S. S. Schumacher, Franck Ditengou, Zenglin Li, Jasmin Duerr, Noemi S. S. Flubacher, Moritz Nautscher, Alyssa Williams, Zuzanna Kazimierczak, Miroslav Strnad, Joerg-Oliver Thumfart, Klaus Palme, Marcelo Desimone, William D. D. Teale
Summary: An environmentally responsive root system is crucial for plant growth and crop yield, especially in suboptimal soil conditions. The protein AZG1, identified as a PIN1 interactor, is involved in auxin:cytokinin crosstalk and plays a role in regulating root system architecture in response to salt stress.
Article
Plant Sciences
Taras Pasternak, Jose Manuel Perez-Perez, Benedetto Ruperti, Tatiana Aleksandrova, Klaus Palme
Summary: Arabidopsis thaliana research often relies on in vitro culture media for studying plant responses to various signals. This study describes an optimized and nutritionally balanced culture medium that enables the growth and propagation of A. thaliana mutants, even those lacking a root system. The use of this protocol can avoid bias in phenotypic characterization during stress experiments.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Taras Pasternak, Stefan Kircher, Klaus Palme, Jose Manuel Perez-Perez
Summary: Root development is regulated by sucrose and light. Carbohydrate starvation during skotomorphogenesis leads to compaction of nuclei in the root apical meristem, hindering cell cycle progression and causing irreversible root differentiation. Adding carbohydrates promotes seedling growth. Transferring carbohydrate-grown seedlings from light to dark promotes cell elongation and reduces root meristem size. Carbohydrates are essential for cell cycle activity and auxin-regulated response in the root apical meristem.
Article
Plant Sciences
Olha Yaroshko, Taras Pasternak, Eduardo Larriba, Jose Manuel Perez-Perez
Summary: This study analyzed the effect of different concentrations of zeatin and indole-3-acetic acid on the regeneration of cotyledon explants in tomato cultivars M82 and Micro-Tom. The best hormone combination produced shoot-like structures after 2-3 weeks, and leaf primordia were observed from these structures after about 3-4 weeks. Whole plantlets could be obtained between 4 and 6 weeks by transferring the regenerating micro-stems to a defined growth medium. This method has direct applications for plant transformation, gene editing techniques, and vegetative propagation of elite cultivars.