Period, birth cohort and prevalence of dementia in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a meta-analysis

ObjectiveThere have been dramatic societal changes in East Asia over the last hundred years. Several of the established risk factors could have important period and cohort effects. This study explores temporal variation of dementia prevalence in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan taking study methods into account. MethodsSeventy prevalence studies of dementia in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan were identified from 1980 to 2012. Five period groups (before 1990, 1990 similar to 1994, 1995 similar to 1999, 2000 similar to 2004 and 2005 similar to 2012) and five birth cohort groups (1895 similar to 1909, 1910 similar to 1919, 1920 similar to 1929, 1930 similar to 1939 and 1940 similar to 1950) were categorised using the year of investigation and 5-year age groups. Pooled prevalence by age, period and birth cohort groups was estimated through meta-regression model and meta-analysis taking diagnostic criteria and age structure into account. ResultsAfter adjusting for diagnostic criteria, the study age range and age structure, the prevalence of dementia in the older population aged 60years and over fluctuated across periods but not reaching significance and were estimated as 1.8%, 2.5%, 2.1%, 2.4% and 3.1% for the five periods from pre-1990 to 2005 similar to 2012. A potential increasing pattern from less to more recent birth cohort groups was found in the major studies using older diagnostic criteria with wider differences in the age groups over 70years. ConclusionsThis study found no significant variation across periods but suggested a potential cohort effect. The influence of societal changes might moderate early life experiences across different generations with substantial impact on mental health in older age. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.