Article
Oncology
Meeri Kastinen, Paeivi Sirnio, Hanna Elomaa, Maarit Ahtiainen, Sara A. Vayrynen, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Sanna Merilainen, Raila Aro, Reetta Haivala, Tero Rautio, Juha Saarnio, Erkki-Ville Wirta, Olli Helminen, Toni T. Seppala, Teijo Kuopio, Jan Bohm, Anne Tuomisto, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Markus J. Makinen, Juha P. Vayrynen
Summary: This study analyzed data from 1413 patients with colorectal cancer and found associations between tumor necrosis percentage and tumor characteristics, immune cell infiltrates, serum cytokine concentrations, as well as prognosis. The results showed that high tumor necrosis percentage is associated with shorter colorectal cancer-specific survival, independent of other factors. Tumor necrosis is therefore considered an important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Dedrick Kok Hong Chan, Simon James Alexander Buczacki
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a global burden, characterized by an initial explosion of genetic diversity followed by neutral dynamics. Understanding the interplay between clonal populations during neutral evolution provides insights into the roles of driver genes in the progression from normal colonic epithelium to adenoma and carcinoma. Recent advances have focused on genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic factors, as well as the ecological and evolutionary processes that contribute to cancer development.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Gayathri Anandappa, Michael J. Overman
Summary: In a recent study, Amodio and colleagues discovered a method to modulate immunosurveillance in colorectal tumors by manipulating DNA mismatch repair heterogeneity. They found that enriching the MMR deficient component using 6-thioguanine can improve tumor control in murine models.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jorg Trojan, Sebastian Stintzing, Oliver Haase, Christine Koch, Paul Ziegler, Melanie Demes, Ivan Jelas
Summary: Patients with colorectal carcinoma and high-grade microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or deficiency in mismatch repair (dMMR) may have exceptional responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs are more effective in treatment-naive patients than in those with refractory MSI-H/dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer and even more so in patients with locally advanced tumors. In a case study, a young patient with Lynch syndrome and MSI-H/dMMR locally advanced rectal cancer refused standard neoadjuvant chemoradiation due to concerns about sexual dysfunction and achieved a complete clinical and pathological response after treatment with ICIs. Further clinical trials are needed to evaluate the potential benefits of neoadjuvant treatment with ICIs in patients with locally advanced MSI-H/dMMR rectal cancer.
Article
Oncology
Kuo-Hsing Chen, Liang-In Lin, Chang-Tsu Yuan, Li-Hui Tseng, Yu-Liang Chao, Yi-Hsin Liang, Jin-Tung Liang, Been-Ren Lin, Ann-Lii Cheng, Kun-Huei Yeh
Summary: In Taiwan, distinct clinicopathological features were identified for CIMP-high CRC among different age groups. Our data suggest the association between BMI >= 27.5 kg/m(2) and CIMP-high CRC in patients younger than 50 years.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Inas Elsayed, Robert Geraghty, Salwa O. Mekki, Ahmed A. Mohamedani, Susan Ahern, Omer E. H. Salim, Balgis B. M. Khalil, Sawsan Abdelrahim, Suliman H. Suliman, Moawia M. A. Elhassan, Salah O. Salah, Mohamed E. Salih, Abubakr H. Widatalla, Osman S. Abdelhamed, Xiaosheng Wang, Eanna J. Ryan, Des Winter, Salih Bakhiet, Kieran Sheahan
Summary: There is a significant clinical need for molecular pathology services for colorectal cancer in Sudan. In this study, researchers aimed to introduce a molecular genetic service for colorectal cancer in Sudan and explore the molecular features and their relationship to patient survival and clinicopathological characteristics. They found that a subtype of mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer was present in 16% of cases, and a presumptive diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome was made in 14% of patients. The study also revealed a high mortality rate in Sudanese colorectal cancer patients, which was correlated with advanced disease stage and mismatch repair status.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Camille Evrard, Stephane Messina, David Sefrioui, Eric Frouin, Marie-Luce Auriault, Romain Chautard, Aziz Zaanan, Marion Jaffrelot, Christelle De la Fouchardiere, Thomas Aparicio, Romain Coriat, Julie Godet, Christine Silvain, Violaine Randrian, Jean-Christophe Sabourin, Rosine Guimbaud, Elodie Miquelestorena-Standley, Thierry Lecomte, Valerie Moulin, Lucie Karayan-Tapon, Gaelle Tachon, David Tougeron
Summary: This study demonstrates a high concordance rate of dMMR/MSI status between primary colorectal cancers and their metastases, suggesting that analyzing the consistent dMMR and MSI status from either the primary tumor or metastasis sample is sufficient prior to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Min Li, Congcong Zhu, Ying Xue, Changhong Miao, Ruiping He, Wei Li, Baolong Zhang, Wenqiang Yu, Xingxu Huang, Minzhi Lv, Ye Xu, Qihong Huang
Summary: This study aims to develop a reliable DNA methylation classifier for predicting recurrence risk and chemotherapy benefit in stage II colorectal cancer patients. By conducting genome-wide DNA methylation capture sequencing, a relapse-related DNA methylation signature consisting of eight CpG sites was identified. The classifier showed higher prognostic accuracy than clinicopathological risk factors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vitaly Shubin, Yury Shelygin, Sergey Achkasov, Oleg Sushkov, Ilya Nazarov, Alexey Ponomarenko, Iuliia Alimova, Anna Loginova, Aleksey Tsukanov
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of Russian patients with microsatellite instability (MSI) tumors. The results showed that patients with MSI tumors differed in the age of diagnosis, tumor localization, time of cancer recurrence, and stage of the disease. Patients whose tumors had MSI status had higher overall and disease-free survival rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Mojun Zhu, Zhaohui Jin, Joleen M. Hubbard
Summary: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a genetic predisposition to DNA damage, detectable through sequencing or immunohistochemistry, and associated with a high neoantigen load and favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In gastrointestinal cancers, MSI serves as a predictive biomarker for ICIs with varying clinical utility depending on tumor type, potentially explained by the complex tumor microenvironment. This review explores the predictive and prognostic value of MSI in non-colorectal cancers of the digestive system and strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
An Huang, Yong Yang, Jing-Yi Shi, Yu-Kun Li, Jing-Xuan Xu, Yu Cheng, Jin Gu
Summary: Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a unique subtype of colorectal cancer characterized by distinct clinical and molecular features compared to non-MAC (NMAC). MAC is more frequently located in the proximal colon and associated with a poorer prognosis.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Matthew Loft, Yat Hang To, Peter Gibbs, Jeanne Tie
Summary: Liquid biopsies that detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have the potential to revolutionize personalized management of colorectal cancer. ctDNA assessment can complement tissue-based testing for molecular characterization and monitor emerging mutations under the pressure of targeted therapy. This article provides an overview of the evidence supporting the use of ctDNA in colorectal cancer, ongoing studies to address outstanding questions, and barriers to widespread clinical uptake.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Hui Wang, Zhi-Wei Li, Qiuxiang Ou, Xue Wu, Misako Nagasaka, Yang Shao, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Yu Yang
Summary: We report a prevalence of approximately 0.7% for NTRK-positive colorectal cancer (CRC) by genetically profiling 2519 colonic and rectal tumors. NTRK gene fusions frequently co-occur with APC and TP53 aberrations, while they are almost always mutually exclusive with RAS/BRAF oncogenic alterations. NTRK-driven CRC patients show increased TMB, high microsatellite instability, and an enrichment for POLE/POLD1 mutations when compared to the molecularly unstratified CRC population.
Review
Immunology
Wei-Jian Mei, Mi Mi, Jing Qian, Nan Xiao, Ying Yuan, Pei-Rong Ding
Summary: Colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability and deficient mismatch repair have different characteristics compared to normal CRC, but the testing rates for MSI and MMR remain low in clinical practice. Insufficient testing fails to identify patients with these types of CRC who could benefit from immunotherapy. Understanding the importance of MMR/MSI status in the clinical characteristics and prognosis of CRC may help improve testing rates and guide the development of more effective therapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Uchenna Simon Ezenkwa, Clement Abu Okolo, Gabriel Olabiyi Ogun, Adegboyega Akere, Olufemi John Ogunbiyi
Summary: Emerging data indicates a negative role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colorectal carcinomas (CRC). Investigation in developing communities contributes to the understanding of these lesions. The study revealed an increasing COX-2 expression from normal to adenomatous polyp and CRC tissues, associated with poorer prognostic indicators. Although COX-2 is early present in CRC, it may have a secondary role in promoting tumor growth and invasiveness.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mingyang Song, I-Min Lee, JoAnn E. Manson, Julie E. Buring, Rimma Dushkes, David Gordon, Joseph Walter, Kana Wu, Andrew T. Chan, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Edward L. Giovannucci
Summary: The study found that daily vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU) was not associated with risk of colorectal cancer precursors in average-risk adults, but may have potential benefits for individuals with low baseline vitamin D levels.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chun-Han Lo, Sohee Kwon, Liang Wang, Georgios Polychronidis, Markus D. Knudsen, Rong Zhong, Yin Cao, Kana Wu, Shuji Ogino, Edward L. Giovannucci, Andrew T. Chan, Mingyang Song
Article
Oncology
Georgios Polychronidis, Kai Wang, Chun-Han Lo, Liang Wang, Mingming He, Markus D. Knudsen, Kana Wu, Amit D. Joshi, Shuji Ogino, Edward L. Giovannucci, Andrew T. Chan, Mingyang Song
Summary: The study found no association between gallstone disease and colorectal polyps. Patients with gallstones have a similar risk of colorectal polyps compared to those without, and may therefore follow average-risk colorectal cancer screening guidelines.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hanna Elomaa, Maarit Ahtiainen, Sara A. Vayrynen, Shuji Ogino, Jonathan A. Nowak, Marjukka Friman, Olli Helminen, Erkki-Ville Wirta, Toni T. Seppala, Jan Bohm, Markus J. Makinen, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Teijo Kuopio, Juha P. Vayrynen
Summary: This study evaluated the prognostic significance of tumour cell-T cell co-localisation and T cell densities in colorectal cancer patients. The findings showed that high T cell proximity score was associated with longer cancer-specific survival, indicating the potential of spatial measurement of T cell infiltrates as a novel, robust tumour-immune biomarker.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Richard Hunger, Barbara Seliger, Shuji Ogino, Rene Mantke
Summary: The study found a significant inverse relationship between the extent of risk adjustment and the volume effect, suggesting the presence of unmeasured confounding and overestimation of volume effects. Data from the research showed that patient-specific factors were the most important influencing factors for short-term mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fenglei Wang, Paulette D. Chandler, Oana A. Zeleznik, Kana Wu, You Wu, Kanhua Yin, Rui Song, Julian Avila-Pacheco, Clary B. Clish, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Xuehong Zhang, Mingyang Song, Shuji Ogino, I-Min Lee, A. Heather Eliassen, Liming Liang, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Walter C. Willett, Edward L. Giovannucci
Summary: Red and processed meat consumption is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer, while the association with fish intake is unclear. This study found that plasma metabolite profiles are differentially associated with red meat and fish groups, and the plasma metabolite profile of fish intake is inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk.
Article
Oncology
Ruitong Li, Tomotaka Ugai, Lantian Xu, David Zucker, Shuji Ogino, Molin Wang
Summary: This paper presents an extended Cox regression model to investigate the effects of risk factors on disease subtypes defined by continuous biomarkers. The method is easily applicable to cancer studies and can be accessed by researchers using user-friendly R scripts. It demonstrates how continuous biomarker data can be utilized to study etiological heterogeneity and improve our understanding of biological and pathogenic mechanisms.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kentaro Inamura, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Susan Bullman, Tomotaka Ugai, Shinichi Yachida, Shuji Ogino
Summary: Cancer should be regarded as a systemic and environmental disease, beyond the localised tumour microenvironment. The exposome, which includes various exposures, can alter the microbiome and immune system, affecting tumour phenotypes. To understand the complex role of the exposome, microbiome, and immunome, it is important to conduct interdisciplinary human population research integrated with advanced methodologies like artificial intelligence and molecular pathological epidemiology.
Article
Oncology
Wan-Jie Gu, Jun-Peng Pei, Jun Lyu, Naohiko Akimoto, Koichiro Haruki, Shuji Ogino, Chun-Dong Zhang
Summary: The global incidence, death, and DALY rates of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) have increased from 1990 to 2019, with significant variations at regional and national levels. In 2019, low-milk or low-calcium diets and alcohol use were the main risk factors. The importance of high body mass index and high fasting plasma glucose has increased among both males and females, while the importance of smoking and low-fiber diets has decreased, especially among females. These findings provide policymakers with a quantification of the burden of early-onset CRC and help identify and target high-risk individuals to mitigate the disease burden.
Article
Oncology
Kai Wang, Wenjie Ma, Yang Hu, Markus Dines Knudsen, Long H. Nguyen, Kana Wu, Kimmie Ng, Molin Wang, Shuji Ogino, Qi Sun, Edward L. Giovannucci, Andrew T. Chan, Mingyang Song
Summary: Current recommendations for colorectal cancer screening do not take into account the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study found that the absolute benefit of endoscopic screening for colorectal cancer prevention may be higher for individuals with T2D compared to those without T2D. Additionally, individuals with T2D reached the threshold risk level for colorectal cancer at a younger age than those without T2D, suggesting the consideration of earlier endoscopic screening in individuals with T2D.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Hanna Elomaa, Maarit Ahtiainen, Sara A. Vaeyrynen, Shuji Ogino, Jonathan A. Nowak, Mai Chan Lau, Olli Helminen, Erkki-Ville Wirta, Toni T. Seppaelae, Jan Boehm, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Teijo Kuopio, Juha P. Vaeyrynen
Summary: The expression patterns and prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-1 in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are inadequately characterised. This study found that PD-L1(+) macrophages and PD-1(+) T cells were associated with better clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. These findings enhance the understanding of immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment and could contribute to the development of improved immunotherapies.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Zhangyan Lyu, Dong Hang, Xiaosheng He, Kana Wu, Yin Cao, Bernard Rosner, Andrew T. Chan, Shuji Ogino, Ni Li, Min Dai, Edward L. Giovannucci, Mingyang Song
Summary: A simple prediction model based on five major risk factors for high-risk serrated polyps (SPs) was developed and validated, which may be useful for providing healthy lifestyle recommendations and tailored colorectal cancer screening.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Shanshan Shi, Kai Wang, Tomotaka Ugai, Marios Giannakis, Jules Cazaubiel, Andrew T. Chan, Edward L. Giovannucci, Jonathan A. Nowak, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Shuji Ogino, Mingyang Song
Summary: The association between vitamin C intake and colorectal cancer survival varies depending on the KRAS or BRAF mutation status, suggesting potential benefits for patients with mutated tumors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kosuke Mima, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Kentaro Inamura, Hideo Baba, Tomotaka Ugai, Shuji Ogino
Summary: There has been a significant increase in the incidence of early-onset cancers, particularly in the digestive system. While some of these cancers are associated with genetic variants, the majority are sporadic and multifactorial. Factors such as diets, lifestyle, environment, and the microbiome from early life to adulthood may play a role in the development of these cancers, but their exact contributions are still uncertain. To address this rising trend, interdisciplinary research approaches are needed to improve our understanding of the etiology and develop better prevention and treatment strategies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Markus Dines Knudsen, Kai Wang, Liang Wang, Georgios Polychronidis, Paula Berstad, Kana Wu, Xiaosheng He, Dong Hang, Zhe Fang, Shuji Ogino, Andrew T. Chan, Edward Giovannucci, Molin Wang, Mingyang Song
Summary: This study developed an effective risk stratification tool for predicting post-polypectomy colorectal cancer (PPCRC) based on three population-based cohorts and validated the tool in a clinical cohort. By collecting detailed data on demographics, endoscopic history, polyp features, and lifestyle factors, the researchers developed an 11-predictor risk score for PPCRC, which can guide tailored colonoscopy surveillance strategies.
