Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Aditi Apte, Girish Dayma, Hakka Naziat, Linda Williams, Sonali Sanghavi, Jamal Uddin, Anand Kawade, Maksuda Islam, Sanchita Kar, You Li, Moe H. Kyaw, Sanjay Juvekar, Harry Campbell, Harish Nair, Samir K. Saha, Ashish Bavdekar
Summary: This study found that South Asian infants get colonised with pneumococci early in infancy, with the Indian cohort predominantly carrying vaccine serotypes in a PCV naive population, while the Bangladeshi cohort mainly carrying non-vaccine serotypes in a vaccinated population. These local findings are important for informing public health policy and developing higher valent pneumococcal vaccines.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kaunda Yamba, Evans Mpabalwani, Ruth Nakazwe, Evans Mulendele, Goitom Weldegebriel, Jason M. Mwenda, Reggis Katsande, Linda de Gouveia, Elizabeth Chizema-Kawesha, Raphael Chanda, Belem Matapo, James C. L. Mwansa, Chileshe Lukwesa-Musyani
Summary: In Zambia, the main pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis, with some strains showing resistance to penicillin. The introduction of PCV10 vaccine has led to a decrease in pneumococcal meningitis and the proportion of PVC10 serotypes after vaccination, but there is a concern about serotype replacement and penicillin resistance that require continued surveillance for policy-making.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ron Dagan, Shalom Ben-Shimol, David Greenberg, Noga Givon-Lavi
Summary: This study examined the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on bacterial conjunctivitis incidence in children aged 2-23 months in southern Israel. The implementation of PCV13 resulted in a significant decline in disease caused by PCV13 serotypes without significant replacement by non-PCV13 serotypes. The findings suggest a marked reduction in overall conjunctivitis rates in children under 2 years of age.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Matthew S. Kelly, Catherine Plunkett, Yahe Yu, Jhoanna N. Aquino, Sweta M. Patel, Jillian H. Hurst, Rebecca R. Young, Marek Smieja, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Tonya Arscott-Mills, Kristen A. Feemster, Sefelani Boiditswe, Tirayaone Leburu, Tiny Mazhani, Mohamed Z. Patel, John F. Rawls, Jayanth Jawahar, Samir S. Shah, Christopher R. Polage, Coleen K. Cunningham, Patrick C. Seed
Summary: This study conducted in sub-Saharan Africa examined the nasopharyngeal microbiome of 179 mother-infant dyads to investigate the relationship between Corynebacterium abundance and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in infants. Results showed a negative correlation between Corynebacterium abundance and S. pneumoniae colonization, with in vitro experiments demonstrating growth inhibition of S. pneumoniae by secreted factors from Corynebacterium strains isolated from infants. Additionally, antibiotic exposure and seasonal variations were associated with changes in Corynebacterium abundance, suggesting potential implications for preventing pneumococcal infections.
Article
Immunology
Gail L. Rodgers, Cynthia G. Whitney, Keith P. Klugman
Summary: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has successfully reduced the burden of disease and provided herd protection for those who cannot be vaccinated. While widely rolled out in poor countries, there are still many unvaccinated children in middle income countries. Solutions being considered include reducing doses and supporting more affordable vaccine sources.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junwen Tao, Mohammad Zahid Hossain, Zhiwei Xu, Hung Chak Ho, Md Alfazal Khan, Cunrui Huang, Hao Zheng, Jing Ni, Yinguan Fan, Daniel Bogale, Hong Su, Jian Cheng
Summary: This study investigates the impact of PCV10 intervention on childhood pneumonia hospitalizations in Bangladesh, and suggests a significant decrease in hospitalization rates after PCV10. The study also reveals the effects of heat and cold on childhood pneumonia, as well as the susceptibility differences among different population groups.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Mark R. Alderson, Jo Anne Welsch, Katie Regan, Lauren Newhouse, Niranjan Bhat, Anthony A. Marfin
Summary: Globally, efforts are being made to control meningitis through vaccination, but challenges still exist in prevention, such as restrictions, incomplete coverage, and unaffordable vaccines.
Review
Microbiology
M. P. E. Slack, A. W. Cripps, K. Grimwood, G. A. Mackenzie, G. M. Ulanova
Summary: Hib used to be a common cause of bacterial infections in children, but with the widespread use of vaccines, its incidence has decreased. However, other capsulated serotypes are now causing more invasive infections in various regions. Surveillance and prevention efforts need to be strengthened to address this emerging trend.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lucia H. de Oliveira, Kayoko Shioda, Maria Tereza Valenzuela, Cara B. Janusz, Analia Rearte, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Joshua L. Warren, Cristiana M. Toscano, Daniel M. Weinberger
Summary: A multi-country evaluation in Latin American and Caribbean countries showed that the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines led to a decline in pneumonia mortality among children aged 2-59 months in some countries. However, the impact varied across countries and age groups, suggesting the need for further research and monitoring of vaccine effectiveness.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ching-Fen Shen, Ju-Ling Chen, Chien-Chou Su, Wen-Liang Lin, Min-Ling Hsieh, Ching-Chun Liu, Ching-Lan Cheng
Summary: The implementation of PCV13 in Taiwan has significantly reduced hospitalizations for P-CAP, especially in children and adults, and has markedly decreased ICU rates and severe pneumonia cases.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Katherine E. Gallagher, Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa, Caroline Mburu, Christian Bottomley, Donald Akech, Angela Karani, Emma Pearce, Yanyun Wang, E. Wangeci Kagucia, David Goldblatt, Laura L. Hammitt, J. Anthony G. Scott
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) on population immunity in Kilifi, Kenya. The results showed that the introduction of the vaccine increased protective antibody levels in young children, but the levels waned rapidly over time. However, children aged 10-14 years showed consistently high antibody levels, possibly due to continued exposure to vaccine serotypes or memory responses to cross-reactive antigens.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joseph A. Lewnard, Noga Givon-Lavi, Ron Dagan
Summary: The study analyzed the effectiveness of PCV in protecting children against pneumonia caused by different vaccine-targeted pneumococcal serotypes in southern Israel. The results showed that PCV could effectively reduce carriage of vaccine-serotype pneumococci and decrease the risk of disease progression.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Janet R. Gilsdorf
Summary: Hib vaccines are crucial in preventing serious infections in children, with conjugated vaccines offering enhanced immunogenicity and prolonged protection. Global incidence of Hib infections has significantly decreased due to widespread vaccination efforts.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Mary Paulina Elizabeth Slack
Summary: Hib meningitis is now uncommon due to the widespread use of Hib conjugate vaccine, but meningitis caused by other capsulated serotypes of H. influenzae and non-typeable strains (NTHi) should be considered.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthias Horn, Christian Theilacker, Ralf Sprenger, Christof von Eiff, Ernestine Mahar, Julia Schiffner-Rohe, Mathias W. Pletz, Mark van der Linden, Markus Scholz
Summary: Two next-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) have been licensed for use in adults, and PCV15 has also been licensed in children. A transmission model specific for Germany was developed to predict the prevalence of carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) for serotypes included in these vaccines. The model predicts that the introduction of next-generation PCVs in adults may prevent a substantial and increasing proportion of adult IPDs, with PCV20 offering the broadest protection against pneumococcal disease.
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Robert C. Hughes, Sunil S. Bhopal, Alexander A. Manu, Alastair C. Van Heerden
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Xiaomeng Zhang, Xue Li, Yazhou He, Philip J. Law, Susan M. Farrington, Harry Campbell, Ian P. M. Tomlinson, Richard S. Houlston, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Maria Timofeeva, Evropi Theodoratou
Summary: The study found that benign colorectal neoplasms share genetic aetiology with CRC, and that CRC genetic predisposition is associated with diverticular disease.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xuan Zhou, Lijuan Wang, Jiarui Xiao, Jing Sun, Lili Yu, Han Zhang, Xiangrui Meng, Shuai Yuan, Maria Timofeeva, Philip J. Law, Richard S. Houlston, Kefeng Ding, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Evropi Theodoratou, Xue Li
Summary: Alcohol consumption is associated with colorectal cancer risk, and DNA methylation may be one of the mechanisms by which alcohol exerts its carcinogenic effect on colorectal cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
You Li, Xin Wang, Eeva K. Broberg, Harry Campbell, Harish Nair
Summary: This study describes the seasonality of RSV in 13 European countries and examines its association with meteorological factors. The results show that all countries have winter RSV seasons and that temperature and relative humidity are associated with RSV activity. Through prediction and validation, meteorological factors can be used for early warning of RSV season onset.
Article
Respiratory System
Anna Guyatt, Catherine John, Alexander T. Williams, Nick Shrine, Nicola F. Reeve, Ian Sayers, Ian Hall, Louise Wain, Nuala Sheehan, Frank Dudbridge, Martin D. Tobin
Summary: This study investigated the causal relationship between eosinophils and various respiratory phenotypes. The findings suggest a potential causal link between elevated eosinophils and ACO, moderate-to-severe asthma, and reduced lung function. However, the heterogeneity of the results calls for caution, as other mechanisms may also contribute to respiratory health impairment.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ozren Polasek, Kerri Wazny, Davies Adeloye, Peige Song, Kit Y. Chan, Danladi A. Bojude, Sajjad Ali, Sheri Bastien, Francisco Becerra-Posada, Florencia Borrescio-Higa, Sohaila Cheema, Darien A. Cipta, Smiljana Cvjetkovic, Lina D. Castro, Bassey Ebenso, Omolade Femi-Ajao, Balasankar Ganesan, Anton Glasnovic, Longtao He, Jean M. Heraud, Chinonso Igwesi-Chidobe, Per O. Iversen, Bismeen Jadoon, Abdulkarim J. Karim, Johra Khan, Raaj K. Biswas, Giuseppe Lanza, Shaun W. H. Lee, You Li, Li-Lin Liang, Mat Lowe, Mohammad M. Islam, Ana Marusic, Suleiman Mshelia, Anthony M. Manyara, Mila N. N. Htay, Michelle Parisi, Prince Peprah, Emma Sacks, Kabiru O. Akinyemi, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Konstantin Sharov, Elena S. Rotarou, Srdjan Stankov, Wenang Supriyatiningsih, Benjamin T. Y. Chan, Mark Tremblay, Dialechti Tsimpida, Sandro Vento, Josipa Glasnovic, Liang Wang, Xin Wang, Zhi X. Ng, Jianrong Zhang, Yanfeng Zhang, Harry Campbell, Mickey Chopra, Simon Cousens, Goran Krstic, Calum Macdonald, Parisa Mansoori, Smruti Patel, Aziz Sheikh, Mark Tomlinson, Alexander C. Tsai, Sachiyo Yoshida, Igor Rudan
Summary: This study used the CHNRI method to identify research priorities related to COVID-19, highlighting the importance of vaccination and healthcare delivery in low- and middle-income countries. The research emphasizes the urgent need for health policy and systems research in these countries.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Peige Song, Yazhou He, Davies Adeloye, Yuefeng Zhu, Xinxin Ye, Qian Yi, Kazem Rahimi, Igor Rudan, Global Hlth Epidemiol Res Grp GHERG
Summary: The study aimed to estimate the global and regional prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in 2019 and evaluate associated factors. The global prevalence of AAA among people aged 30 to 79 years was 0.92%, with a total of 35.12 million AAA cases in 2019. Smoking, male sex, family history of AAA, advanced age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, claudication, peripheral artery disease, pulmonary disease, and renal disease were associated with AAA. The Western Pacific region had the highest AAA prevalence, while the African region had the lowest prevalence.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jie Chen, Yajing Zhou, Yuhao Sun, Shuai Yuan, Rahul Kalla, Jing Sun, Jianhui Zhao, Lijuan Wang, Xuejie Chen, Xuan Zhou, Siqi Dai, Yu Zhang, Gwo-tzer Ho, Dajing Xia, Qian Cao, Zhanju Liu, Susanna C. Larsson, Xiaoyan Wang, Kefeng Ding, Jonas Halfvarson, Xue Li, Evropi Theodoratou, Jack Satsangi
Summary: This study identified 14 proteins associated with the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) through the analysis of serum proteomic profiling data. Further analysis using Mendelian randomisation confirmed the causal relationship between two chemokines and the increased risk of UC. Additionally, a new protein associated with UC risk was identified. Reverse Mendelian randomisation analysis did not find any influence of genetic predisposition to UC on these three inflammation proteins.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ying Lu, Doudou Li, Lijuan Wang, Han Zhang, Fangyuan Jiang, Rongqi Zhang, Liying Xu, Nan Yang, Shuhui Dai, Xiaolin Xu, Evropi Theodoratou, Xue Li
Summary: This study summarized the most updated evidence from 54 observational and four Mendelian Randomization studies, and found that high dietary intake of EPA, DHA, and DPA was associated with a decreased risk of CRC, while the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and trans-FA were associated with an increased risk of CRC. SFA and DHA intake were protective factors for CRC, while a high intake of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was a risk factor. In terms of cancer subsites, LA and trans-FA intake were risk factors for colon cancer, while DPA was a protective factor. High dietary DHA intake was associated with a lower risk of rectal cancer, while the dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with a higher risk. Meta-analysis of blood FA levels showed a reverse association between blood pentadecanoic acid and CRC risk, but no significant association for other blood Fas. All included MR studies showed that high plasma AA was associated with increased CRC risk. The current evidence on the relationship between dietary intake and blood levels of Fas and CRC risk is inconsistent, and further studies are needed to investigate the role of Fas metabolism in CRC development.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, Helen Grace da Rocha Curvello, Sandra Costa Fonseca, Pauline Lorena Kale, Helia Kawa, Julia Correia Cardoso Guimaraes
Summary: This study examined the mortality rates and trends among children aged 5 to 14 years in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 2000 to 2019. Using data from the Mortality Information System, the study found that mortality rates were higher among children aged 10 to 14 years compared to those aged 5 to 9 years. The leading causes of death were external causes and neoplasms, though their rankings differed between the age groups.
CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jianhui Zhao, Jie Chen, Yuhao Sun, Shuai Yuan, Judith Wellens, Rahul Kalla, Evropi Theodoratou, Xue Li, Jack Satsangi
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert C. Hughes, Ruth Muendo, Sunil S. Bhopal, Silas Onyango, Elizabeth W. Kimani-Murage, Betty R. Kirkwood, Zelee Hill, Patricia Kitsao-Wekulo
Summary: This research aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of parent/carers' perspectives and decision-making on early childhood care and paid childcare in the informal settlements in Nairobi. The study reveals that the choice of childcare is influenced by economic factors and the living conditions in the slums. Paid childcare is commonly used but often lacking in quality.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shuai Yuan, Lijuan Wang, Han Zhang, Fengzhe Xu, Xuan Zhou, Lili Yu, Jing Sun, Jie Chen, Haochao Ying, Xiaolin Xu, Yongfu Yu, Athina Spiliopoulou, Xia Shen, Jim Wilson, Dipender Gill, Evropi Theodoratou, Susanna C. Larsson, Xue Li
Summary: A genetic study showed that the TYK2 gene mutation is associated with a reduced risk of autoimmune diseases, especially in the treatment of psoriasis, but is also associated with an increased risk of prostate and breast cancer. Clinical trial results confirmed the effectiveness of TYK2 inhibitors for psoriasis, but also reported some adverse reactions.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Bettina Friedrich, Gillian Forbes, Arnoupe Jhass, Fabiana Lorencatto, Laura Shallcross, Vivi Antonopoulou
Summary: This study investigated the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake in care home staff, in order to develop strategies to increase vaccination rates. The study found that factors influencing uptake included the willingness to protect care home residents, staff, and family/friends from infection, the belief that vaccination provided a way back to normality, convenience of vaccination and access to accurate information, and a supporting social environment favoring vaccination. Barriers included fears about side-effects, a lack of trust due to the quick release of the vaccine, and feeling pressurized to accept vaccination if mandatory.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Surgery
A. D. Gerrard, Y. Maeda, J. Miller, F. Gunn, E. Theodoratou, C. Noble, L. Porteous, S. Glancy, P. MacLean, R. Pattenden, M. G. Dunlop, F. V. N. Din
Summary: Single- and double-faecal immunochemical test (FIT) strategies were tested in high-risk symptomatic patients. A double-FIT strategy reduced missed colorectal cancers by 50.0 per cent and all significant bowel pathology by 30.0 per cent, while improving prioritization to investigation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)