Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xixi Dong, Lingyun Feng, Shihao Wang, Eric A. Nyberg, Shouxun Ji
Summary: The newly developed die-cast Mg-RE(La,Ce,Nd,Gd)-Al alloy demonstrates good mechanical properties at 300 degrees Celsius, showing higher yield strength and stable stiffness compared to benchmark alloys.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Suming Zhu, Trevor B. Abbott, Jian-Feng Nie, Hua Qian Ang, Dong Qiu, Kazuhiro Nogita, Mark A. Easton
Summary: The re-evaluation of magnesium die-casting alloy AE44 with minor Mn addition shows that T5-aged AE44 exhibits a better strength-ductility combination and improved creep resistance. The findings suggest that precipitation hardening of the alpha-Mg matrix plays a more important role than grain boundary reinforcement by intermetallic phases in enhancing the creep resistance of die-cast Mg alloys. These results could open up new application perspectives for AE44, particularly in the automotive industry.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
J. P. Weiler
Summary: This paper summarizes the recent work on the measure of manufacturability in the magnesium diecasting industry, focusing on the popular Mg-Al system alloys such as AZ91, AM60, and AM50. It discusses the concept of castability and its relation to the development of innovative applications or improved properties in magnesium die-casting alloys. The paper also provides key findings on castability, how it is defined and evaluated, the influence of alloying elements on castability, and recommendations for future research.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jung Eun Kim, Ye Jin Kim, Jun Ho Bae, Bong Sun You, Sung Hyuk Park
Summary: This study investigates the microstructural characteristics, tensile properties, and high-cycle fatigue properties of a die-cast Mg-6Al-0.1Mn-0.1Zn-0.3Ca-0.2Y (SEN6) alloy with high corrosion and ignition resistances. The average grain size of the SEN6 alloy is smaller at the surface region compared to the center region due to higher cooling rate. The presence of Ca and Y results in the formation of various particles. The alloy exhibits a tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and fatigue limit. Different types of pores act as crack initiation sites during tension and fatigue. The relationship between fatigue limit and ultimate tensile strength is observed in the SEN6 alloy.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Gerry Gang Wang, J. P. Weiler
Summary: The use of magnesium alloy high pressure die cast (HPDC) components for weight reduction in automotive and transportation industries is increasing. This paper reviews recent developments in HPDC magnesium alloys for transportation applications, highlighting their improved properties compared to conventional alloys. The evaluated characteristics include die castability, mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, and ductility, and the results suggest that these alloys have great potentials for actual automotive and transport applications.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jian Rong, Jia-Ning Zhu, Wenlong Xiao, Xinqing Zhao, Chaoli Ma
Summary: A new Mg-3RE-0.5Zn alloy with high thermal conductivity and acceptable mechanical properties for high pressure die casting has been developed in this study. The combination of superior thermal conductivity and high strength in this alloy is attributed to its unique alloy composition and microstructure. The results of this study will be beneficial for developing new high performance HPDC Mg alloys and promoting their wider application.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jian Rong, Wenlong Xiao, Yu Fu, Xinqing Zhao, Peng Yan, Chaoli Ma, Ming Chen, Chen Huang
Summary: A high-performance Mg-7Al-3Ca alloy was prepared via high-pressure die casting method, exhibiting high strength, good thermal conductivity, and acceptable heat resistance. The high strength was attributed to various strengthening mechanisms, while the thermal conductivity was maintained due to the presence of Ca.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianhua Chen, Weiying Huang, Bing Liu, Hiromi Nagaumi, Xuyue Yang
Summary: In this study, the creep behaviors of dilute Mg-Mn-Zn alloys with bimodal and homogeneous grain microstructures were investigated. The samples exhibited different types of dislocation slip and creep mechanisms depending on the direction of loading. The bimodal grain microstructure accelerated creep and resulted in inferior creep resistance compared to the homogeneous microstructure.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jian Rong, Wenlong Xiao, Xinqing Zhao, Yu Fu, Haimiao Liao, Chaoli Ma, Ming Chen, Chen Huang
Summary: The study balanced high thermal conductivity and high strength in HPDC Mg alloys with Al addition. Results showed that Al addition improved thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity while enhancing strength and elongation of the alloy.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Rong, Wenlong Xiao, Xinqing Zhao, Chaoli Ma, Haimiao Liao, Donglei He, Ming Chen, Meng Huang, Chen Huang
Summary: With the rapid development of the 3C industries, there is a growing demand for high thermal conductivity magnesium alloys with high mechanical performance. In this study, a high-pressure die casting AZEX4441 alloy with good mechanical properties and high thermal conductivity was developed for ultrathin-walled cellphone components. The alloy exhibited a fine microstructure and higher thermal conductivity compared to traditional alloys.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qiang Yang, Zixiang Yan, Shuhui Lv, Kai Guan, Xin Qiu
Summary: Abnormal creep stress exponents were reported for heat-resistant magnesium alloys without detailed explanation on underlying creep mechanisms. The study on a Mg-3.76Al-3.52RE-0.23Mn alloy showed varying n-values at different stresses, with microstructural analysis suggesting changes in dominant creep mechanisms. Introducing threshold stress and internal stress helped rationalize the abnormal n-values, providing insights for improving creep resistance in magnesium alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Habibi Eftekhar, S. Mohsen Sadrossadat, M. Reihanian
Summary: The microstructure and high temperature properties of AXE622 magnesium alloy were investigated after conventional and semisolid casting processes. Semisolid processing significantly improved the tensile and creep resistance of the alloy. The dominant creep mechanism in the conventional alloy was grain boundary diffusion-controlled dislocation climb, while in the semisolid alloy it was power-law breakdown.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cunlong Wang, Hongtao Li, Qiyang He, Jili Wu, Guohua Wu, Wenjiang Ding
Summary: The paper reports a comparative study on the influence of environmental temperature on microstructural evolution and tensile mechanical behaviors of squeeze cast and gravity cast magnesium alloys. The results show that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the squeeze cast alloy are improved compared to the gravity cast alloy. The abnormal increase in strength within a certain elevated temperature range is attributed to insufficient strain hardening at lower temperatures, restricting further plastic deformation.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bo Hu, Zixin Li, Dejiang Li, Tao Ying, Xiaoqin Zeng, Wenjiang Ding
Summary: A criterion based on solidification microstructure was proposed to predict the hot tearing behavior of cast alloys, considering various factors. The credibility of this criterion was validated through the study of hot tearing behavior of Mg-Ce alloys, and a simplified criterion and hot tearing index for specific cases were derived and validated.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gueven Yarkadas, Huseyin Sevik
Summary: The effects of nanofiber SiC addition on AZ91-1Sr alloy were investigated, resulting in improved mechanical properties with the best yield strength and hardness increment in the nanocomposite. Increased SiC content also led to enhanced creep resistance in the materials, with the dominant creep mechanism identified as dislocation climb controlled.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guangli Bi, Siqi Chen, Jing Jiang, Yuandong Li, Tijun Chen, Xiao-Bo Chen, Duyao Zhang, Dong Qiu, Mark Easton
Summary: The effects of laser surface remelting (LSR) on microstructure and corrosion properties of as-cast Mg-12Dy-1.1Ni alloy were investigated. LSR treatment resulted in grain refinement and the formation of a continuous network of 18R-LPSO phase on dendrite boundaries, leading to improved corrosion resistance of the alloy.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jingqi Zhang, Michael Bermingham, Joseph Otte, Yingang Liu, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: This study demonstrates how to achieve uniform and enhanced tensile ductility by minimizing the in-situ intrinsic heat treatment effect. By adjusting the heating and deposition time, the tensile ductility of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr material was successfully improved without notable variation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Michael J. Benoit, Joel Galos, Kevin Heieis, Suming Zhu, Tom Wood, Paul G. Sanders, Elizabeth T. Hetrick, Bita Ghaffari, Adrian P. Mouritz, Mark A. Easton
Summary: One challenge in using X-ray imaging for post-process inspection of fusion welding is the lack of contrast between the fusion zone and base metal. This study develops novel filler wires with Ce additions to create grayscale contrast for X-ray imaging. The addition of Ce-containing precipitate particles enhances the contrast and enables superior quantitative inspection. This method effectively measures weld penetration by X-ray imaging.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Samuel Rogers, Matthew Dargusch, Damon Kent
Summary: This study presents a novel and cost-effective method to produce aluminium nitride (AlN) powder by directly nitridating loose aluminium powder at low temperatures (as low as 500℃) using a vacuum tube furnace under flowing high-purity nitrogen. The addition of a small amount of magnesium powder (1 wt.%) facilitates the nitridation reaction. The results show that AlN can be obtained at temperatures higher than or equal to 500℃, with the highest yield of 80-85% achieved at 530℃ for a duration of at least 1 hour. At temperatures around 510℃, a relatively high proportion of AlN (>73% after 6 hours) can be obtained while maintaining excellent friability for manual reprocessing into powder.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Meili Zhang, Nan Yang, Ali Dehghan-Manshadi, Jeffrey Venezuela, Michael J. Bermingham, Matthew S. Dargusch
Summary: In this study, Fe35Mn/Ake composites were prepared using a powder metallurgy route and the effects of different Ake contents on the microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation, and biocompatibility of the composites were investigated. The addition of Ake increased the relative density, compressive yield strength, and elastic modulus of the pure Fe35Mn, but decreased the ductility. Higher concentrations of Ake potentially increased the corrosion rate of Fe35Mn. However, all tested compositions showed no measurable weight loss after immersion in simulated body fluid for 4 weeks, indicating good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Human osteoblasts exhibited increasing viability on Fe35Mn/Ake composites with higher Ake content, suggesting improved in vitro biocompatibility. Fe35Mn/Ake may have potential for biodegradable bone implant applications, especially Fe35Mn/30Ake, if the slow corrosion issue can be addressed.
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Sharifah Almathami, Jeffrey Venezuela, Nan Yang, Yuan Wang, Zahrina Mardina, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: This study investigates the influence of biologically relevant ions on the corrosion of zinc in physiological fluids. Electro-chemical techniques were used to study the degradation of pure zinc exposed to different physiological electrolytes containing chlorides, carbonates, sulfates, and phosphates. The most aggressive ions are chlorides, while carbonates and phosphates reduce the corrosive attack and sulfates disrupt the passive layer of zinc, altering its corrosion behavior.
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
C. H. Ng, M. J. Bermingham, M. S. Dargusch
Summary: High energy input additive manufacturing technologies, such as wire-based directed energy deposition, have high deposition rates but can result in coarse microstructures and defects. This work demonstrates a method to produce high-quality additively manufactured products using low-quality feedstock materials that are usually considered unsuitable. By intentionally introducing large pores using contaminated wire feedstock in a metastable β-Ti alloy, and subsequent hot isostatic pressing, porosity-free parts with refined grain size and excellent ductility can be obtained through dynamic recrystallisation. This approach is applicable to various metallic alloys produced by other additive manufacturing techniques, allowing the engineering of completely homogenous equiaxed grain microstructures.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Yuan Wang, Min Hong, Jeffrey Venezuela, Ting Liu, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: This article reviews the secondary functions of flexible piezoelectric materials, including stretchability, hybrid energy harvesting, and self-healing. Insights into the latest strategies and mechanisms based on piezoelectric fundamentals are provided to unravel the link between structural characteristics and functional performance. The remaining challenges and future outlooks for developing secondary functions are proposed.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
David T. Rees, Chu Lun Alex Leung, Joe Elambasseril, Sebastian Marussi, Saurabh Shah, Shashidhara Marathe, Milan Brandt, Mark Easton, Peter D. Lee
Summary: In this study, two approaches, including TiB2 additions and optimization of LPBF process parameters, were used to suppress the formation of hot cracks in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing of 2XXX series Al alloys. High-speed synchrotron X-ray radiography and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (sCT) were used to monitor the LPBF process and measure the volume fraction of defects in the as-built samples. The results showed that adding TiB2 in Al-2139 reduced the volume of cracks by up to 79% and decreased the average length, breadth, and surface area of cracks.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. J. Benoit, M. A. Whitney, S. M. Zhu, D. Zhang, M. R. Field, M. A. Easton
Summary: This article investigates the effect of minor Fe additions on crack elimination in rapidly solidified Al alloy 6060 and provides insights into the underlying mechanism. The results show a decrease in cracking with increasing Fe content, and complete elimination of cracks in the 6060 + 0.5Fe sample. Microscopic analysis reveals the morphological changes of AlFeSi particles in the melt pools, and suggests that bridging of the Al matrix by these particles plays a crucial role in crack mitigation.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Suming Zhu, Indrajeet Katti, Dong Qiu, Joy H. Forsmark, Mark A. Easton
Summary: This study investigates the microstructure of PBF-LB AlSi10Mg and the effects of platform preheating and heat treatment on its mechanical properties. Preheating to 150°C improves strength, and T5 treatment further increases yield strength and tensile strength but reduces ductility. RST-T6 treatment enhances ductility while maintaining yield strength but decreases tensile strength.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Hui Shi, Yuanding Huang, Lixiang Yang, Chunquan Liu, Hajo Dieringa, Chong Lu, Lv Xiao, Regine Willumeit-Roemer, Norbert Hort
Summary: This study investigates the creep behavior and microstructural evolution of sand-cast Mg-14Gd-0.4Zr alloy using compressive creep tests. The results show that the coherent distribution of beta' and beta' (F) phases effectively impedes dislocation movement and enhances creep resistance. However, with increasing creep time, the fine precipitate chains coarsen and transform into different phases, leading to stress concentration and increased creep strain.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xingrui Chen, Jeffrey Venezuela, Zhiming Shi, Qichi Le, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: We investigated the discharge performance and electrochemical properties of an as-extruded Mg-5SmxAl (x 1/4 0,1,3) anode for Mg-air batteries. Adding Al modified the phase composition and grain size of the anode. The addition of 1 wt% Al (Mg-5Sm-1Al) induced a high discharge voltage and power density due to the stimulation of the evenly distributed, fine Al11Sm3 particles. However, these particles increased the parasitical anodic hydrogen reaction rate, resulting in a decrease in anodic efficiency. The addition of 3 wt % Al (Mg-5Sm-3Al) promoted the formation of an aluminium oxide film on the anode surface, which suppressed the anodic hydrogen reaction to improve the anodic efficiency. This film increased the battery's internal resistance resulting in low voltage. This anode is a good candidate for heavy-duty battery applications, where a steady voltage output and long service life are desired. By controlling the Al content, the tailoring of discharge performance of the Mg-Sm-Al anode is feasible to satisfy different battery load requirements.
MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiaqi Li, Duyao Zhang, Xiaobo Chen, Dake Xu, Dong Qiu, Fuhui Wang, Mark Easton
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of copper concentration on the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) resistance of additively manufactured, ultrafine-grained Ti-Cu alloys. The results show that Ti-8.5Cu alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance and MIC resistance due to its strong passive film and small surface potential difference between phases. The alloy has high strength and excellent antimicrobial properties, making it ideal for load-bearing applications in the marine environment.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Papangkorn Jessadatavornwong, Ruwan Tennakoon, Alireza Bab-Hadiashar, Raj Das, Adrian P. Mouritz, Mark A. Easton
Summary: One challenge of using X-ray computed tomography (CT) is the detection limit of the smallest feature. This challenge can be addressed by generating defined size notches on the surface and investigating different X-ray CT parameters. The results show that the voxel size and scan duration are significant factors for defect detection and measurement accuracy.
NDT & E INTERNATIONAL
(2023)