Review
Psychiatry
Tone Seim Fuglset
Summary: Despite heterogeneous results, majority of studies suggest that BMI, anxiety, or depression do not correlate with altered central coherence and set-shifting in individuals with AN.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Monica Leslie, Daniel Halls, Jenni Leppanen, Felicity Sedgewick, Katie Lang, Leon Fonville, Mima Simic, William Mandy, Dasha Nicholls, Steven Williams, Kate Tchanturia
Summary: This study found no significant differences between young women with anorexia nervosa and controls in terms of performance accuracy or reaction time, nor in neural response to the Embedded Figures Task. This suggests that the neural underpinning of central coherence may not differ between these groups in the early stages of AN.
EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Kelly M. Dann, Phillipa Hay, Stephen Touyz
Summary: The associations between set-shifting and central coherence performance measures and functional outcomes in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa are limited, with stronger findings in adult or mixed-age cohorts. Younger cohorts show that assessments of executive function in daily life are sensitive to cognitive-behavioral flexibility issues. Further research is needed to systematically assess the relationship between cognitive performance and functional outcome in AN.
JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Ella Keegan, Kate Tchanturia, Tracey D. Wade
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared central coherence and set-shifting inefficiencies between different types of eating disorder patients, finding that individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa showed significantly poorer performance compared to healthy controls, while those with binge-eating disorder did not exhibit significant differences. Therefore, individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa may benefit from adjunctive interventions such as cognitive remediation therapy to address these inefficiencies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Catherine Broomfield, Kristin Stedal, Stephen Touyz
Summary: This study aimed to investigate neuropsychological functioning in patients with Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN) compared to those at earlier stages of the disease. The findings showed that SE-AN patients demonstrated lower functioning in decision-making compared to healthy controls, with conflicting evidence for differences in intellectual functioning and set-shifting abilities. There was no variability indicated in central coherence, memory, attention, reasoning, or processing speed. If confirmed through further research, these findings could lead to earlier identification and more effective treatment development for SE-AN patients.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Cathelijne Steegers, Gwen Dieleman, Valeria Moskalenko, Susana Santos, Manon Hillegers, Tonya White, Pauline W. Jansen
Summary: The study found that set-shifting abilities at age 4 were associated with body weight and eating habits in preadolescents at age 9, suggesting that cognitive inflexibility may be an early marker of AN in childhood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jingjing Xu, Rikard Landberg, Catharina Lavebratt, Cynthia M. Bulik, Mikael Landen, Ida A. K. Nilsson
Summary: This study found significantly lower plasma concentrations of butyric, isobutyric, and isovaleric acid in females with active anorexia nervosa (AN) and recovered from AN. Additionally, there were significant correlations between plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and body mass index (BMI).
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Nathalie Auger, Howard Steiger, Thuy Mai Luu, Nicholas Chadi, Nancy Low, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand, Jessica Healy-Profitos, Aimina Ayoub, Emilie Brousseau, Mimi Israel
Summary: This study examined the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on child eating disorder hospitalizations in Quebec, Canada. The findings revealed an increase in hospitalization rates for eating disorders, particularly during the first and second waves of the pandemic. Girls aged 10-19 were most affected, but boys and individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds were also impacted.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Seidel, Helen Brooker, Kamilla Lauenborg, Keith Wesnes, Magnus Sjogren
Summary: Anorexia Nervosa patients demonstrated faster reaction times and increased accuracy in grammatical reasoning compared to healthy volunteers, but showed no significant differences in other cognitive domains. There was also no improvement in cognitive function observed between baseline and follow-up after weight increase in the AN sample, indicating stable cognitive performance despite the illness.
Article
Psychiatry
Laura Di Lodovico, Audrey Versini, Mathieu Lachatre, Jacopo Marcheselli, Nicolas Ramoz, Philip Gorwood
Summary: This study aimed to determine the endophenotypic, state- or trait-associated nature of decision-making impairment in patients with anorexia nervosa. The findings suggest that altered decision-making ability in AN is not an endophenotypic trait, but a state-associated characteristic resulting from the interplay between trait-associated low feedback sensitivity and state-associated features of the disease.
EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sylvie Berthoz, Anne-Solene Maria, Damien Ringuenet, Lena Bourdier, Isabelle Nicolas, Corinne Blanchet, Christine Foulon, Guillaume Lavoisy, Nathalie Godart, Caroline Barry
Summary: This study aimed to compare the levels of cognitive flexibility and attention to detail between adolescents and adults diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. The results showed no significant differences in neuropsychological test scores between the two groups, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Additionally, cognitive flexibility and attention to detail were not associated with eating disorder symptomatology, depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive symptomatology.
EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Katie Lang, Jess Kerr-Gaffney, John Hodsoll, Amita Jassi, Kate Tchanturia, Georgina Krebs
Summary: Two meta-analyses revealed that poor global processing is a transdiagnostic feature of both body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and anorexia nervosa (AN), with effects potentially more pronounced in AN. Interventions aimed at promoting global visual processing may be beneficial in treating disorders characterized by distorted body image.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Simone Daugaard Hemmingsen, Nicolaj Daugaard, Magnus Sjogren, Mia Beck Lichtenstein, Claire Gudex, Frederikke Piil, Rene Klinkby Stoving
Summary: The study investigates cognitive inflexibility in patients with severe and extreme anorexia nervosa (AN) using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) compared to healthy controls (HCs). The results show that patients with AN displayed more perseveration compared to HCs, controlled for age and education. There were no significant relationships between perseveration and depression, eating disorder symptoms, illness duration, or BMI.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Olivia Patsalos, Bethan Dalton, Christia Kyprianou, Joseph Firth, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert, Ulrike Schmidt, Hubertus Himmerich
Summary: The study found lower intake of cholesterol in current AN participants compared to healthy controls, as well as lower consumption of zinc and protein compared to healthy controls and recovered AN participants. However, there were no significant group differences in dietary inflammatory potential, indicating that diet may not be a key contributor to altered inflammatory marker concentrations in current and recovered AN individuals.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Friederike Tam, Julius Steding, Jonas L. Steinhaeuser, Franziska Ritschel, Wei Gao, Kerstin Weidner, Veit Roessner, Clemens Kirschbaum, Stefan Ehrlich
Summary: The study found that hair endocannabinoid concentrations were elevated in acute AN, decreased after short-term weight restoration, but remained elevated in long-term recovered patients. Physical activity in long-term recovered patients correlated positively with concentrations of endocannabinoid-related compounds.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Correction
Neurosciences
L. Charbonnier, F. van Meer, A. M. Johnstone, D. Crabtree, W. Buosi, Y. Manios, O. Androutsos, A. Giannopoulou, M. A. Viergever, P. A. M. Smeets
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
E. M. Postma, P. A. M. Smeets, W. M. Boek, S. Boesveldt
Summary: This study explored the impact of etiology and duration of olfactory loss (OL) on gray matter volume (GMV) in brain regions, finding significant differences in GMV between congenital anosmia and acquired OL patients, particularly in areas like the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The volume of the left OFC was significantly associated with olfactory function, indicating that changes in GMV in acquired OL patients mainly occur in the OFC and are dependent on olfactory function.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
John D. Sorkin, Mark Manary, Paul A. M. Smeets, Amanda J. MacFarlane, Arne Astrup, Ronald L. Prigeon, Beth B. Hogans, Jack Odle, Teresa A. Davis, Katherine L. Tucker, Christopher P. Duggan, Deirdre K. Tobias
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
L. N. van der Laan, E. K. Papies, A. Ly, P. A. M. Smeets
Summary: This study investigated the neural mechanisms of health goal priming using fMRI and a virtual reality food choice task. The results showed that virtual reality has potential for a more realistic assessment of food choice processes. However, the study did not find evidence of health goal priming triggering neural self-control mechanisms.
Article
Neurosciences
Esther Walton, Fabio Bernardoni, Victoria-Luise Batury, Klaas Bahnsen, Sara Lariviere, Giovanni Abbate-Daga, Susana Andres-Perpina, Lasse Bang, Amanda Bischoff-Grethe, Samantha J. Brooks, Iain C. Campbell, Giammarco Cascino, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Enrico Collantoni, Federico D'Agata, Brigitte Dahmen, Unna N. Danner, Angela Favaro, Jamie D. Feusner, Guido K. W. Frank, Hans-Christoph Friederich, John L. Graner, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Andreas Hess, Stefanie Horndasch, Allan S. Kaplan, Lisa-Katrin Kaufmann, Walter H. Kaye, Sahib S. Khalsa, Kevin S. LaBar, Luca Lavagnino, Luisa Lazaro, Renzo Manara, Amy E. Miles, Gabriella F. Milos, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Palmiero Monteleone, Benson Mwangi, Owen O'Daly, Jose Pariente, Julie Roesch, Ulrike H. Schmidt, Jochen Seitz, Megan E. Shott, Joe J. Simon, Paul A. M. Smeets, Christian K. Tamnes, Elena Tenconi, Sophia Thomopoulos, Annemarie A. van Elburg, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Georg G. von Polier, Christina E. Wierenga, Nancy L. Zucker, Neda Jahanshad, Joseph A. King, Paul M. Thompson, Laura A. Berner, Stefan Ehrlich
Summary: Our study found substantial reductions in cortical thickness, subcortical volumes, and cortical surface area in patients with AN. These deficits were associated with lower body mass index in the AN sample and were less pronounced in partially weight-restored patients. These findings underscore the importance of considering weight loss and renutrition in research on AN.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ruoxuan Deng, Aurimas Seimys, Monica Mars, Anja E. M. Janssen, Paul A. M. Smeets
Summary: Gastric digestion is essential for protein breakdown and magnetic resonance techniques show potential in studying this process. A novel MRI-compatible semi-dynamic gastric simulator was developed to monitor digestion under dynamic circumstances, showing high potential for future in vivo studies in monitoring nutrient hydrolysis and pH changes.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
M. T. de Klerk, P. A. M. Smeets, S. E. la Fleur
Summary: Individuals with obesity exhibit poorer food-specific inhibitory control, especially when hungry, and less activation of inhibitory brain areas. Greater activation of inhibitory brain areas is predictive of weight loss success. Interventions targeting inhibitory control in obese individuals have diverse effects, including food-specific inhibitory control training, neuromodulation paradigms, and neurofeedback.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Morwarid Mayar, Julie L. Miltenburg, Kasper Hettinga, Paul A. M. Smeets, John P. M. van Duynhoven, Camilla Terenzi
Summary: In this study, we monitored in vitro gastric milk protein digestion using H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetization transfer (MT) and found that heated milk has a slower breakdown than unheated milk. This opens the way for future quantification of protein digestion in vivo by MRI.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Floor van Meer, Frank de Vos, Roel C. J. Hermans, Paul A. Peeters, Lotte F. van Dillen
Summary: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity has led to a greater need for understanding obesity-related eating patterns and behaviors. Recent studies have shown that distracted eating is linked to increased food intake both immediately and in the long term, highlighting the importance of understanding the prevalence of distracted consumption and its relationship to body weight. This study analyzed data from a representative sample of the Dutch population to examine the relationship between demographics, daily consumption settings, and BMI. The findings showed that talking to others and watching television were the most common distractions during meals, and distractions during lunch and dinner were associated with higher BMI. Machine learning techniques further confirmed the importance of distractions during lunch and snack times as predictors of BMI. These findings provide valuable insights for evidence-based recommendations on promoting healthier eating patterns and body weight.
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie Kullmann, Ralf Veit, Daniel R. Crabtree, William Buosi, Odysseas Androutsos, Alexandra M. Johnstone, Yannis Manios, Hubert Preissl, Paul A. M. Smeets
Summary: This study investigated the effect of hunger state on the hypothalamus network using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and found that the hypothalamus showed higher functional connectivity with other brain regions in the sated state. Differences in hypothalamus to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity between individuals with obesity and normal weight were also observed in the fasted state.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ruoxuan Deng, Monica Mars, Anja E. M. Janssen, Paul A. M. Smeets
Summary: The structure of food affects its digestion rate, and MRI parameters have been found to serve as markers of protein digestion. In a randomized crossover trial, it was found that high protein and high hardness of food slow down gastric emptying. Additionally, measurements of T1 and T2 provide extra information on the dilution and digestion of solid foods in the stomach.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elise J. M. van Eijnatten, Guido Camps, Mathilde Guerville, Vincenzo Fogliano, Kasper Hettinga, Paul A. M. Smeets
Summary: This study aimed to compare gastric emptying rate and protein coagulation after milk consumption between individuals reporting gastrointestinal symptoms and those without symptoms. The results showed no difference in gastric emptying rate between the two groups. The group reporting gastrointestinal symptoms started experiencing symptoms at 30 minutes and had the highest pain rating at 90 minutes. Image texture analysis showed a higher percentage of coagulum and lower percentage of liquid in the gastrointestinal symptom group.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Elbrich M. Postma, Julia M. H. Noothout, Wilbert M. Boek, Akshita Joshi, Theresa Herrmann, Thomas Hummel, Paul A. M. Smeets, Ivana Isgum, Sanne Boesveldt
Summary: The automatic segmentation method developed in this study accurately segmented the olfactory bulbs (OBs) and showed strong correlation with manual segmentation. OB volume was significantly related to age, duration and etiology of olfactory loss, and olfactory ability. The method can be applied in clinical and research populations, providing insight into the role of OB volume in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of olfactory loss.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Dan Liu, Anja E. M. Janssen, Paul A. M. Smeets, Markus Stieger
Summary: The study found that the microstructure, mechanical properties, and macrostructure breakdown of protein gels have an impact on in vitro protein gastric digestion. The microstructure of the gels significantly affects the digestion rate of proteins, and the effect of Young's modulus on protein digestion depends strongly on the microstructure.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2024)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Julia M. H. Noothout, Elbrich M. Postma, Sanne Boesveldt, Bob D. de Vos, Paul A. M. Smeets, Ivana Isgum
Summary: A decrease in olfactory bulb volume may be related to neurodegenerative diseases, and the asymmetry in olfactory bulb volumes observed in COVID-19 patients suggests a potential role in disease progression. An automatic segmentation method shows promising results in assessing olfactory bulb volumes.
MEDICAL IMAGING 2021: IMAGE PROCESSING
(2021)