Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ahad Abdulkarim D. Alharbi, Naoyuki Ebine, Satoshi Nakae, Tatsuya Hojo, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka
Summary: The study showed that supplementation with HCP led to decreased muscle oxygenation, impacting the pH levels and balance between oxygen delivery and utilization during exercise.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Colin Harper, Venkatesh Gopalan, Jorming Goh
Summary: This review examines the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during aging, particularly focusing on the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling and its impact on muscle function decline. It also discusses how different exercise modalities can potentially reverse these changes and delay the onset of sarcopenia. Additional concepts such as mitophagy and the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function are also integrated in this review.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah Gephine, Patrick Mucci, Mathieu Bielmann, Mickael Martin, Laurent Bouyer, Didier Saey, Francois Maltais
Summary: In this study, the oxygenation and electromyography responses in the quadriceps during the 1-min sit-to-stand (1STS) were compared between individuals with severe COPD and controls. The results showed that individuals with COPD had a slower rate of sit-to-stand maneuvers, resulting in less total work compared to controls. During the recovery period, individuals with COPD exhibited larger overshoots in oxygenation parameters. Additionally, only individuals with COPD showed signs of a fatiguing contraction pattern in the quadriceps.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ahad Abdulkarim D. Alharbi, Noriaki Iwamoto, Naoyuki Ebine, Satoshi Nakae, Tatsuya Hojo, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka
Summary: This research examined the effects of single-dose molecular hydrogen (H-2) supplements on acid-base status, muscle deoxygenation, and recovery. The results showed that the HCP group had higher PCO2 and HCO3- concentrations at rest, and during exercise, they exhibited higher peak power and muscle deoxygenation concentration.
Article
Biology
Jort Veen, Diego Montiel-Rojas, Fawzi Kadi, Andreas Nilsson
Summary: The study investigates the impact of reallocating time spent in different intensities of physical activity (PA) on sarcopenia risk in older adults. The results show that reallocating sedentary time to at least light-intensity PA is significantly related to a lower sarcopenia risk score (SRS), even after adjustment for PA type and protein intake. Similarly, reallocating time in light- to moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA is also related to a lower SRS. These findings emphasize the importance of displacing sedentary behaviors for more active pursuits in older adults to alleviate age-related deterioration of muscle health.
Article
Cell Biology
Donato A. Rivas, Fei Peng, Townsend Benard, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva, Roger A. Fielding, Lee M. Margolis
Summary: The study found that miR-19b-3p plays a crucial role in regulating muscle synthesis, contributing to understanding the varied responses of mobility-limited older adults to anabolic stimuli.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hung-Yun Lin, Yung-Ning Yang, Yi-Fong Chen, Tung-Yung Huang, Dana R. R. Crawford, Hui-Yu Chuang, Yu-Tang Chin, Hung-Ru Chu, Zi-Lin Li, Ya-Jung Shih, Yi-Ru Chen, Yu-Chen S. H. Yang, Yih Ho, Paul J. J. Davis, Jacqueline Whang-Peng, Kuan Wang
Summary: The polyphenol THSG extracted from Polygonum multiflorum may delay aging-related menopause and maintain the quantity and quality of oocytes by increasing the expression of genes involved in ovarian maintenance and rejuvenation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Catherine M. Jankowski, Melissa P. Wilson, Samantha MaWhinney, Jane Reusch, Leslie Knaub, Sara Hull, Kristine M. Erlandson
Summary: The study found that individuals with HIV had blunted mitochondrial adaptations to exercise compared to uninfected controls, suggesting the need for different types of exercise-induced stimulation to improve mitochondrial function in this population.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
John J. Monteith, Sophie A. L. Rousseaux
Summary: A Negishi cross-coupling method has been developed for the synthesis of alpha-aryl ester products using alpha-hydroxy ester derivatives and arylzinc reagents. This reaction is efficient, rapid, and mild, providing a complementary way of accessing desirable products.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hawley E. Kunz, Ian R. Lanza
Summary: Aging is associated with various changes in skeletal muscle, including muscle mass loss, local inflammation, and reduced response to exercise. The chronic inflammation associated with aging, known as inflammaging, may contribute to these age-related muscle impairments. Inflammation and exercise have a complex relationship, as exercise can induce acute inflammation necessary for muscle repair, while chronic inflammation in aging may hinder this response. However, exercise training has anti-inflammatory effects and can target the underlying causes of inflammaging. This review explores the interplay between inflammation and exercise in aging and discusses potential therapeutic targets for enhancing exercise responsiveness in older adults.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chanisa Thonusin, Patcharapong Pantiya, Aphisek Kongkaew, Wichwara Nawara, Busarin Arunsak, Sirawit Sriwichaiin, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Summary: Exercise and caloric restriction have different effects on skeletal muscle metabolism during aging. Exercise is more effective in improving fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, while caloric restriction reduces oxidative stress in skeletal muscle.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alejandro Martinez-Gayo, Elisa Felix-Soriano, Neira Sainz, Pedro Gonzalez-Muniesa, Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga
Summary: Obesity and aging promote chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This study aimed to analyze the effects of long-term physical exercise and/or omega-3 fatty acid DHA supplementation on muscle metabolism, inflammation, muscle damage/regeneration, and myokine expression in aged and obese mice. The results showed that long-term exercise can prevent the deleterious effects of aging and obesity on muscle function.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
J. Granet, E. Peyrusque, F. Ruiz, F. Buckinx, L. Ben Abdelkader, T. T. Dang-Vu, M. J. Sirois, J. P. Gouin, B. Pageaux, M. Aubertin-Leheudre
Summary: This study explored the effects of prioritizing live or recorded sessions in online physical exercise intervention for older adults. The results showed that both groups had high levels of satisfaction and adherence, but the group with more live sessions had greater improvements in muscle power and endurance. Therefore, when designing online PE interventions, it is recommended to prioritize the number of live sessions.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Jialin Li, Zhe Wang, Can Li, Yu Song, Yan Wang, Hai Bo, Yong Zhang
Summary: Exercise can prevent muscle aging by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and antioxidant capacity. Epigenetic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main causes of muscle aging, and exercise can reverse these changes by modulating epigenetic mechanisms.
Review
Immunology
Helena Slaets, Lena Fonteyn, Bert Eijnde, Niels Hellings
Summary: Frailty and a failing immune system in the final years of life contribute to healthcare burdens, but regular exercise can help combat muscle loss and support immune system function. T cells play an important role in both muscle pathology and exercise-induced immune responses. This review article provides insights into T cell senescence, how exercise modulates it, and the involvement of T cells in muscle regeneration and growth. Understanding the interactions between myocytes and T cells can help develop strategies to address age-related diseases.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Rogerio Nogueira Soares, Raylene A. Reimer, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker, Juan M. Murias
Summary: This study found that mild obesity affects the responses of arm micro- and macrovascular function, but does not impact the forearm skeletal muscle response to glucose ingestion. Obese individuals showed a significant reduction in brachial artery function after glucose ingestion, whereas no significant changes were observed in lean participants.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Thiago Silveira Alvares, Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira, Monica Volino-Souza, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior, Juan Manuel Murias
Summary: Dietary nitrate ingestion has a positive effect on muscular strength and muscular endurance, with a more significant impact observed during isometric and isotonic contractions. Dosage, frequency of ingestion, training level, muscle group, and type of contraction do not appear to significantly affect the outcomes. Further experimental research is needed to explore this topic.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Cristina Rezende, Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira, Monica Volino-Souza, Patricia Castro, Juan Manuel Murias, Thiago Silveira Alvares
Summary: The study showed that turmeric supplementation could improve cerebral oxygenation and blood volume during dynamic handgrip exercise in older males and females. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure were not significant. The findings suggest the potential of curcumin as an intervention for improving cerebral oxygenation and blood volume in older individuals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Daniel A. Keir, Jonas Forot, Danilo Iannetta, Guillaume Y. Millet, Juan M. Murias
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the development of slow component of oxygen uptake and muscle fatigue, finding that they are correlated in a time- and intensity-dependent manner. The results suggest that the slow component of oxygen uptake may depend on muscle fatigue, even if the mechanisms of reduced contractile function differ among intensities.
Article
Physiology
Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Jonas Forot, Guillaume Y. Millet, Juan M. Murias
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle oxygen uptake in females and males during cycling exercise at different intensities. The results showed a correlation between the two variables regardless of exercise intensity and sex of the participants.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Daniel A. Keir, Danilo Iannetta, Felipe Mattioni Maturana, John M. Kowalchuk, Juan M. Murias
Summary: This article highlights the importance of non-invasive identification of lactate threshold and respiratory compensation point during incremental exercise through pulmonary gas exchange and ventilatory variables. It also provides practical strategies for explaining the physiological mechanisms, identifying thresholds, and addressing related issues, as well as an online tool for practice and data analysis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Y. B. Somani, R. N. Soares, J. Gosalia, J. M. Delgado, M. Flanagan, S. Basu, D. B. Kim-Shapiro, J. M. Murias, D. N. Proctor
Summary: The onset of menopause and changes to ovarian hormones often lead to endothelial dysfunction in women. A study showed that acute dietary nitrate supplementation can improve endothelial function and reduce the magnitude of endothelial dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in healthy, early postmenopausal women.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rafael A. Azevedo, Delbar Jazayeri, Samuel T. Yeung, Rojan Khoshreza, Guillaume Y. Millet, Juan Murias, Saied J. Aboodarda
Summary: Experiencing pain in one leg can decrease exercise tolerance and neuromuscular fatigue development in the contralateral leg. However, the effects of nonlocal experimental pain induced by blood flow occlusion on corticospinal modulation remain unknown. This study found that 25% maximal voluntary contraction (25%IMVC) duration was the shortest during blood flow occlusion, and the decline in maximal voluntary contraction was smaller compared to cycling exercise, indicating that pain reduces exercise performance. Additionally, transcranial magnetic stimulations revealed the modulation of the nervous system in response to pain stimulation.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Danilo Iannetta, Jenny Zhang, Juan M. Murias, Saied Jalal Aboodarda
Summary: This study evaluated the extent of peripheral and central fatigue, and corresponding perceptual attributes, at task failure following cycling within different exercise intensity domains. The findings demonstrate that the extent of peripheral fatigue is highly domain-specific, whereas the extent of central fatigue is not. Sensations such as fatigue, pain, and dyspnea demonstrated intensity domain specificity and might have contributed to reaching maximal levels of perceived effort and, thus, task failure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Austin T. Beever, Andrea Y. Zhuang, Saied Jalal Aboodarda, Juan M. Murias, Martin J. MacInnis
Summary: Hypoxia has a negative impact on aerobic exercise, but exercise testing in hypoxic conditions has not been extensively studied. This research investigated the effects of simulated altitude on gas exchange threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximal oxygen uptake. The findings suggest that mild simulated altitude affects maximal oxygen uptake and peak power output significantly, while gas exchange threshold and respiratory compensation point remain unchanged. Moderate altitude decreases all four variables.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Hilkka Kontro, Craig Bertagnolli, Juan M. Murias, Martin J. MacInnis
Summary: The study found that an elevated COHb concentration intensified physiological responses to exercise at the MLSS and reduced the MLSS in trained individuals. Lower effective [Hb] due to CO inhalation decreased V?O2peak and MLSS performance, with higher aerobic fitness associated with greater impairments.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Serena Trang, Felipe Mattioni Maturana, Juan M. Murias, Michael R. Herbert, Daniel A. Keir
Summary: In exercise physiology, laboratory components are crucial for applying theoretical concepts to personal exercise experiences and introducing data collection and analysis. The gas exchange threshold (GET) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP) are key exercise thresholds that require proper identification. However, the processing and preparation of data have been time-consuming and challenging for students. This article presents a blended laboratory model featuring the Exercise Thresholds App, which provides immediate feedback and eliminates the need for data postprocessing, allowing students to practice threshold identification skills.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Pablo R. Fleitas-Paniagua, Mackenzie Trpcic, Danilo Iannetta, Guillaume Y. Millet, Juan M. Murias
Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different ramp-incremental (RI) slopes on fatigability and recovery in females and males. The results showed that gender had no significant effect on performance fatigability and recovery, and different RI slopes did not alter the level of performance fatigability at task failure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Pablo R. Fleitas-Paniagua, Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Mackenzie Trpcic, Juan M. Murias, Bruce Rogers
Summary: Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA a1), an index of heart rate variability (HRV), has been of interest as a surrogate marker for exercise intensity boundaries. This report examined the behavior of heart rate variability thresholds (HRVT) across different ramp incremental slopes. The study found that the cycling ramp slope did not have a significant effect on HRVT1 and HRVT2 in terms of heart rate (HR) or VO2.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alessandro Moura Zagatto, Vithor Hugo Fialho Lopes, Yago Medeiros Dutra, Rodrigo Araujo Bonetti de Poli, Eimear Dolan, Letizia Rasica, Juan M. Murias, Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de Azevedo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on constant load cycling performance and neuromuscular fatigue. The results showed that NaHCO3 ingestion did not affect performance or indicators of neuromuscular fatigue. However, participants performed better when they were informed that they were ingesting an ergogenic supplement, suggesting a placebo effect may contribute to the apparent ergogenic effect of NaHCO3.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)