Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ryo Nakamaru, Koichi Yamamoto, Hiroshi Akasaka, Hiromi Rakugi, Isao Kurihara, Takashi Yoneda, Takamasa Ichijo, Takuyuki Katabami, Mika Tsuiki, Norio Wada, Tetsuya Yamada, Hiroki Kobayashi, Kouichi Tamura, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Junji Kawashima, Nobuya Inagaki, Megumi Fujita, Kenji Oki, Kohei Kamemura, Akiyo Tanabe, Mitsuhide Naruse
Summary: The study found that female patients with bilateral primary aldosteronism have worse renal outcomes compared to male patients after receiving mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment. Despite similar systolic blood pressure levels between the sexes, women experienced a greater decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, especially during the late phase of 6 to 60 months post-treatment initiation.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
George Bakris, Pablo E. Pergola, Belkis Delgado, Diyan Genov, Tamar Doliashvili, Nam Vo, Y. Fred Yang, James McCabe, Vincent Benn, Bertram Pitt
Summary: In patients with resistant or poorly controlled hypertension and advanced chronic kidney disease, the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist KBP-5074 effectively lowers blood pressure with some risk of hyperkalemia.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Gates B. Colbert, Mohamed E. Elrggal, Anna Gaddy, Hector M. Madariaga, Edgar V. Lerma
Summary: Hypertension is a key factor in the progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly diabetic kidney disease. Controlling hypertension can delay the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Several medications have been proven effective in real-world use, and new drugs are emerging.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Candee T. Barris, Jessica L. Faulkner, Eric J. Belin de Chantemele
Summary: Several clinical and large population studies have found that women are more salt-sensitive than men, and this sex difference is influenced by female sex chromosomes and hormones. Women of all ethnicities, both premenopausal and postmenopausal, are more salt-sensitive. Menopause exacerbates the severity and prevalence of salt-sensitive blood pressure (SSBP), indicating the role of sex hormones. Activation of aldosterone-ECMR axis and ENaC in females contribute to vascular dysfunction and SSBP. The increased prevalence and susceptibility of SSBP in women are influenced by sex hormones and sex chromosome complement.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Morag J. Young, Monica Kanki, Nikshay Karthigan, Penny Konstandopoulos
Summary: Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists, also known as aldosterone blockers, have shown clinical benefits in treating patients with heart failure, including those with reduced ejection fraction and preserved ejection fraction with reduced left ventricular filling. The MR has various physiological and pathophysiological roles in the heart, vasculature, and other tissues, which underpin the use of MR antagonists in cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure. The development of MR antagonists has progressed from potassium-sparing diuretics to more receptor-selective options, demonstrating the evolution of treatment options for cardiovascular diseases.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Morag J. Young, Monica Kanki, Nikshay Karthigan, Penny Konstandopoulos
Summary: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, also known as aldosterone blockers, have been widely recognized for their clinical benefits in treating heart failure, improving outcomes for both HFrEF and HFpEF patients. As research continues to evolve, new nonsteroidal receptor antagonists like esaxerenone and finerenone have emerged, showcasing the constantly evolving landscape of cardiovascular disease treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qiannan Gao, Li Xu, Jun Cai
Summary: Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease globally, with resistant hypertension being difficult to control effectively. Current antihypertensive drugs may have adverse effects, highlighting the need for new therapeutic targets and treatments to manage hypertension and its comorbidities.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Peter Kolkhof, Amer Joseph, Ulrich Kintscher
Summary: Over the past 30 years, there has been significant progress in understanding the role of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Ongoing research is focused on developing safer and more effective nonsteroidal MR antagonists.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nikshay Karthigan, Siobhan Lockwood, Anthony White, Jun Yang, Morag J. Young
Summary: The mineralocorticoid receptor plays an important role in heart failure, but its treatment benefit is unclear for patients with preserved ejection fraction. Currently, there are no biomarkers available to predict treatment response, but finding such biomarkers is crucial for improving treatment efficacy and avoiding unnecessary side effects.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Masanori Asakura, Shin Ito, Takahisa Yamada, Yoshihiko Saito, Kazuo Kimura, Akira Yamashina, Atsushi Hirayama, Youichi Kobayashi, Akihisa Hanatani, Mitsuru Tsujimoto, Satoshi Yasuda, Yukio Abe, Yorihiko Higashino, Yodo Tamaki, Hiroshi Sugino, Hiroyuki Niinuma, Yoshitaka Okuhara, Toshimi Koitabashi, Shin-Ichi Momomura, Kuniya Asai, Akihiro Nomura, Hiroya Kawai, Yasuhiro Satoh, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Ken-Ichi Hirata, Yoshiaki Yokoi, Jun Tanaka, Yoshisato Shibata, Yasuhiro Maejima, Shunsuke Tamaki, Hiroyuki Kawata, Noriaki Iwahashi, Masatake Kobayashi, Yoshiharu Higuchi, Akiko Kada, Haruko Yamamoto, Masafumi Kitakaze
Summary: This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of early initiation of eplerenone in patients with acute heart failure. The results showed that early initiation of eplerenone was safe and potentially effective in treating acute heart failure patients.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daiji Kawanami, Yuichi Takashi, Yoshimi Muta, Naoki Oda, Dai Nagata, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Makito Tanabe
Summary: Diabetic kidney disease is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide, with the mineralocorticoid receptor playing an important role in its development. Clinical studies have shown the benefits of MR antagonists for DKD, but concerns remain about their selectivity and hyperkalemia risks. New nonsteroidal MRAs, such as finerenone, have been developed with high selectivity and potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, and a lower risk of hyperkalemia.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Anna Gromotowicz-Poplawska, Piotr Szoka, Agnieszka Zakrzeska, Patrycjusz Kolodziejczyk, Natalia Marcinczyk, Janusz Szemraj, Piotr Tutka, Ewa Chabielska
Summary: The study found that aldosterone can enhance arterial thrombosis in rats, especially under diabetic and hyperglycemic conditions. Aldosterone shortens bleeding time, increases levels of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma, decreases levels of nitric oxide metabolites, and increases oxidative stress. Aldosterone induces a prothrombotic phenotype in endothelial cells, particularly under hyperglycemic conditions, by impacting primary hemostasis, the TF-dependent coagulation cascade, fibrinolysis, NO bioavailability, and oxidative stress balance.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Kenichi Yokota, Hirotaka Shibata, Isao Kurihara, Sakiko Kobayashi, Ayano Murai-Takeda, Hiroshi Itoh
Summary: This study identified CASZ1b as a novel coregulator of MR, which negatively regulates aldosterone-mediated transcriptional activity and plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of hypertension.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Holger Schneider, Anna-Lina Sarkis, Lisa Sturm, Vera Britz, Andreas Lechner, Anne L. Potzel, Lisa Marie Mueller, Daniel A. Heinrich, Heike Kuenzel, Hanna F. Nowotny, Thomas Marchant Seiter, Sonja Kunz, Martin Bidlingmaier, Martin Reincke, Christian Adolf
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive impact of a moderate dietary salt restriction in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). The results showed that the dietary salt restriction significantly reduced blood pressure and depressive symptoms in patients. Furthermore, the study found that an adequate dosage of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) blockers enhanced the effects of salt restriction on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Argen Mamazhakypov, Achim Lother
Summary: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and is associated with adverse outcomes. Recent studies have shown that elevated plasma aldosterone levels in PH patients indicate the involvement of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the pathophysiology of PH. MR activation promotes adverse cellular processes that lead to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Inhibition or deletion of MR can prevent disease progression and reverse established PH phenotypes.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Eliano Pio Navarese, Leonardo Grisafi, Enrico Guido Spinoni, Marco Giovanni Mennuni, Andrea Rognoni, Jakub Ratajczak, Przemyslaw Podhajski, Endrin Koni, Jacek Kubica, Giuseppe Patti
Summary: Following TAVI, SAPT is recommended for patients without indication for OAC, while OAC alone is preferred for those requiring long-term anticoagulation.
THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Artur Fedorowski, Jolanta M. Siller-Matula, Giuseppe Patti
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Giuseppe Patti, Enrico Guido Spinoni, Leonardo Grisafi, Roxana Mehran, Marco Mennuni
Summary: This meta-analysis study shows that very low LDL-C levels achieved through intensive lipid-lowering treatments are not associated with any adverse events and maintain a persistent reduction of cardiovascular events.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giulia Renda, Marco G. Mennuni, Giovanni Pizzoferrato, Daniele Esposto, Angela Alberani, Simona De Vecchi, Anna Degiovanni, Ailia Giubertoni, Enrico Guido Spinoni, Leonardo Grisafi, Emanuele Sagazio, Claudio Ucciferri, Katia Falasca, Jacopo Vecchiet, Sabina Gallina, Giuseppe Patti
Summary: Echocardiographic Pulmonary to Left Atrial Ratio (ePLAR) provides an accurate estimation of the trans-pulmonary gradient. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of ePLAR on in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that patients with higher ePLAR values at baseline had a higher mortality rate, suggesting the importance of early ePLAR assessment to identify high-risk patients and guide diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Giuseppe Patti, Chiara Ghiglieno
Summary: Closure of the left atrial appendage (LAAO) is a valid option for high bleeding risk atrial fibrillation (AF) patients to prevent cardio-embolic stroke. Previous studies have shown that the atrial appendage is the site of atrial thrombus formation in about 90% of cases in non-valvular AF. All AF patients with higher thromboembolic risk (especially women with CHA2DS2VASc score >= 2, men >= 1) should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis with oral anticoagulants.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL SUPPLEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Erica Matino, Elena Tavella, Manuela Rizzi, Gian Carlo Avanzi, Danila Azzolina, Antonio Battaglia, Paolo Becco, Mattia Bellan, Giovanni Bertinieri, Massimo Bertoletti, Giuseppe Francesco Casciaro, Luigi Mario Castello, Umberto Colageo, Donato Colangelo, Davide Comolli, Martina Costanzo, Alessandro Croce, Davide D'Onghia, Francesco Della Corte, Luigi De Mitri, Valentina Dodaro, Filippo Givone, Alessia Gravina, Luca Grillenzoni, Graziano Gusmaroli, Raffaella Landi, Anna Lingua, Roberto Manzoni, Vito Marinoni, Bianca Masturzo, Rosalba Minisini, Marina Morello, Anna Nelva, Elena Ortone, Rita Paolella, Giuseppe Patti, Anita Pedrinelli, Mario Pirisi, Lidia Ravizzi, Eleonora Rizzi, Daniele Sola, Mariolina Sola, Nadir Tonello, Stelvio Tonello, Gigliola Topazzo, Aldo Tua, Piera Valenti, Rosanna Vaschetto, Veronica Vassia, Erika Zecca, Nicoletta Zublena, Paolo Manzoni, Pier Paolo Sainaghi
Summary: Bovine lactoferrin, as a nutritional supplement, does not improve the clinical course of hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. The LAC trial showed that there were no significant differences in the outcomes between lactoferrin and placebo groups, including death or ICU admission rate, and discharge or NEWS2 <= 2 within 14 days. Although lactoferrin demonstrated excellent safety and tolerability, its use in this patient population is not supported.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Guglielmo Gallone, Fabian Islas, Riccardo Gorla, Francesco Melillo, Pier Pasquale Leone, Paolo Cimaglia, Maria Concetta Pastore, Anna Franzone, Federico Landra, Francesco Bruno, Luca Scudeler, Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, Tommaso Viva, Francesco Piroli, Renato Bragato, Michele Trichilo, Anna Degiovanni, Federica Ilardi, Alessandro Andreis, Luis Nombela-Franco, Tusa Maurizio, Marco Toselli, Federico Conrotto, Matteo Montorfano, Rachele Manzo, Matteo Cameli, Giuseppe Patti, Giulio Stefanini, Luca Testa, Francesco Giannini, Eustachio Agricola, Javier Escaned, Fabrizio D'Ascenzo, Gaetano M. De Ferrari
Summary: The prognostic impact of SVi and FR in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR was evaluated. Pre- and post-TAVR SVi and FR were not associated with all-cause mortality. Reduced FR following TAVR was independently associated with mid-term all-cause mortality, while SVi was not.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Leon Groenhoff, Giulia De Zan, Pietro Costantini, Agnese Siani, Eleonora Ostillio, Serena Carriero, Giuseppe Muscogiuri, Luca Bergamaschi, Giuseppe Patti, Carmine Pizzi, Sandro Sironi, Anna Giulia Pavon, Alessandro Carriero, Marco Guglielmo
Summary: Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of death and morbidity globally. The development of non-invasive diagnostic tools with improved sensitivity and specificity has been driven by the need to detect inducible ischemia in patients with chronic coronary disease. Stress cardiac magnetic resonance (S-CMR) and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) techniques have shown diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value in clinical trials, surpassing other non-invasive ischemia-assessing techniques and invasive fractional flow reserve measurement techniques. However, both methods have limitations, requiring personalized approaches for optimal performance. This review focuses on the characteristics, drawbacks, and future perspectives of S-CMR and CTP.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesca Baessato, Laura Fusini, Manuela Muratori, Gloria Tamborini, Sarah Ghulam Ali, Valentina Mantegazza, Andrea Baggiano, Saima Mushtaq, Mauro Pepi, Giuseppe Patti, Gianluca Pontone
Summary: Quantification of chronic mitral regurgitation is crucial for patient management and determining the need for mitral valve surgery. Echocardiography is the preferred imaging modality, but cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides higher accuracy. Echocardiography remains essential for pre-operative anatomical evaluation.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Giuseppe Patti, Rosa Wang, Xiaocong Li Marston, Yu-Chen Yeh, Lisa Zimmermann, Xin Ye, Xin Gao, Bernd Brueggenjuergen
Summary: This analysis aimed to assess the adherence and persistence of edoxaban compared to other non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The results showed that patients receiving VKAs had significantly lower adherence and persistence compared to those receiving edoxaban.
CARDIOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Luca Cumitini, Lidia Rossi, Ailia Giubertoni, Giuseppe Patti
Summary: This article describes a case of primary cardiac neoplasm that resulted in refractory heart failure and death. The case highlights the importance of an appropriate diagnostic algorithm for early diagnosis and adequate treatment.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Correction
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Giuseppe Patti, Rosa Wang, Xiaocong Li Marston, Yu-Chen Yeh, Lisa Zimmermann, Xin Ye, Xin Gao, Bernd Brueggenjuergen
CARDIOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Davor Milicic, Binyamin Ben Avraham, Ovidiu Chioncel, Yaron D. Barac, Eva Goncalvesova, Avishai Grupper, Johann Altenberger, Maria Frigeiro, Arsen Ristic, Nicolaas De Jonge, Steven Tsui, Jacob Lavee, Giuseppe Rosano, Marisa Generosa Crespo-Leiro, Andrew J. S. Coats, Petar Seferovic, Frank Ruschitzka, Marco Metra, Stefan Anker, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Miriam Abuhazira, Jeremy Elliston, Israel Gotsman, Righab Hamdan, Yoav Hammer, Tal Hasin, Lorrena Hill, Osnat Itzhaki Ben Zadok, Wilfried Mullens, Sanemn Nalbantgil, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Piotr Ponikowski, Luciano Potena, Arjang Ruhparwar, Aviv Shaul, Laurens F. Tops, Stephan Winnik, Tiny Jaarsma, Finn Gustafsson, Tuvia Ben Gal
Summary: The advancements in LVAD technology and the shortage of donor hearts have led to an increase in LVAD-supported patients, especially older patients undergoing destination therapy, who are at higher risk for other comorbidities. This article provides definitions and a structured approach for managing LVAD-supported patients presenting with various complications in the emergency department, as well as discussing the challenging issue of declaring death in these patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mateusz Sokolski, Sander Trenson, Justyna M. Sokolska, Domenico D'Amario, Philippe Meyer, Nana K. Poku, Tor Biering-Sorensen, Mats C. Hojbjerg Lassen, Kristoffer G. Skaarup, Eduardo Barge-Caballero, Anne-Catherine Pouleur, Davide Stolfo, Gianfranco Sinagra, Klemens Ablasser, Viktoria Muster, Peter P. Rainer, Markus Wallner, Alessandra Chiodini, Pascal S. Heiniger, Fran Mikulicic, Judith Schwaiger, Stephan Winnik, Huseyin A. Cakmak, Margherita Gaudenzi, Massimo Mapelli, Irene Mattavelli, Matthias Paul, Irina Cabac-Pogorevici, Claire Bouleti, Marzia Lilliu, Chiara Minoia, Jeroen Dauw, Jerome Costa, Ahmet Celik, Nathan Mewton, Carlos E. L. Montenegro, Yuya Matsue, Goran Loncar, Michal Marchel, Aris Bechlioulis, Lampros Michalis, Marcus Dorr, Edgard Prihadi, Felix Schoenrath, Daniel R. Messroghli, Wilfried Mullens, Lars H. Lund, Giuseppe M. C. Rosano, Piotr Ponikowski, Frank Ruschitzka, Andreas J. Flammer
Summary: The study assessed the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with heart failure (HF) compared to those with other cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. It found that patients with HF had a higher in-hospital mortality rate, and acute HF events during hospitalization were associated with further increased mortality.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Amr Abdin, Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Andrew J. Stewart Coats, Ingrid Kindermann, Mitja Lainscak, Lars H. Lund, Marco Metra, Wilfried Mullens, Giuseppe Rosano, Jonathan Slawik, Jan Wintrich, Michael Boehm
Summary: Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the prognosis of patients with acute HF, and early and intensive treatment in the post-worsening HF period may reduce rates of early readmission and mortality.