Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yulong Song, Xiuju He, Wenbing Yang, Yaoxing Wu, Jun Cui, Tian Tang, Rui Zhang
Summary: This study developed an editing identification pipeline specifically for RNA viruses and constructed an atlas of A-to-I RNA editing sites in SARS-CoV-2 from diverse samples. The findings showed that A-to-I editing was dynamically regulated, varied between tissue and cell types, and correlated with the intensity of innate immune response. Additionally, editing hotspots were observed, including recoding sites in the spike gene that affect viral infectivity and antigenicity. The study also provided evidence that RNA editing accelerated SARS-CoV-2 evolution in humans during the epidemic.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tony Sun, Yingpu Yu, Xianfang Wu, Ashley Acevedo, Ji-Dung Luo, Jiayi Wang, William M. Schneider, Brian Hurwitz, Brad R. Rosenberg, Hachung Chung, Charles M. Rice
Summary: Defective ADAR1 editing can lead to disorders, with the two protein isoforms p150 and p110 showing different contributions to RNA editing. The challenges in expressing p150 without p110 may explain the differences in editing landscape between the two isoforms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jizhe Liu, Fei Wang, Yindan Zhang, Jingfeng Liu, Bixing Zhao
Summary: RNA stability, RNA-protein interaction, and correct protein translation are significant forces in driving the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor. ADAR1 is an RNA editing enzyme that modifies the transcriptome by catalyzing the deamination of adenosine to inosine. Dysregulation of ADAR1 can lead to aberrant editing and affect phenotypic changes in cancer. ADAR1's overediting phenomenon is observed in many cancers and promotes tumor progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Turnee N. Malik, Erin E. Doherty, Vandana M. Gaded, Theodore M. Hill, Peter A. Beal, Ronald B. Emeson
Summary: ADAR-mediated RNA editing modulates various cellular pathways such as innate immunity and protein recoding and is considered as a strategy for treating genetic disorders. Research has shown that intracellular acidification increases RNA editing, mainly due to enhanced ADAR base-flipping and deamination rate under acidic pH conditions.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Di Lu, Jianxi Lu, Qiuli Liu, Qi Zhang
Summary: Stem cells play a critical role in organism development and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that RNA editing, mainly mediated by ADAR1, controls stem cell fate and function. ADAR1 is a multifunctional protein involved in embryonic development, cell differentiation, immune regulation, and gene editing technologies. This review summarizes the structure and function of ADAR1, with a focus on its role in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Targeting ADAR1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for both normal and dysregulated stem cells.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yusuke Shiromoto, Masayuki Sakurai, Moeko Minakuchi, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Kazuko Nishikura
Summary: The study shows that the nuclear isoform p110 of ADAR1 regulates R loop formation and genome stability at telomeres in cancer cells. Editing of A-C mismatches by ADAR1p110 assists in resolving telomeric R loops, crucial for the proliferation of telomerase-positive cancer cells. These findings highlight the pro-oncogenic nature of ADAR1p110 and identify ADAR1 as a promising therapeutic target for telomerase positive cancers.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Wei Huang, Yu-Meng Sun, Qi Pan, Ke Fang, Xiao-Tong Chen, Zhan-Cheng Zeng, Tian-Qi Chen, Shun-Xin Zhu, Li-Bin Huang, Xue-Qun Luo, Wen-Tao Wang, Yue-Qin Chen
Summary: This study identifies a novel snoRNA-related lncRNA, LNC-SNO49AB, with unique structures. The researchers found that LNC-SNO49AB is highly expressed in leukemia patients and its silencing dramatically suppresses leukemia progression. LNC-SNO49AB mainly localizes in the nucleolus and interacts with the nucleolar protein fibrillarin. It was also discovered that LNC-SNO49AB regulates genome-wide RNA A-to-I editing by enhancing ADAR1 dimerization, particularly affecting cell cycle pathways.
Review
Cell Biology
Brian Song, Yusuke Shiromoto, Moeko Minakuchi, Kazuko Nishikura
Summary: ADAR1 catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, affecting important biological processes within cells and playing roles in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and viral infections.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA
(2022)
Review
Biology
Valentina Tassinari, Cristina Cerboni, Alessandra Soriani
Summary: ADAR1 mediates immune response modulation by A-to-I editing, preventing the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. The activity of ADAR1 prevents the recognition of endogenous dsRNA by cellular sensors, avoiding excessive inflammation and IFN-I production.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Li Jiang, Yajing Hao, Changwei Shao, Qiulian Wu, Briana C. Prager, Ryan C. Gimple, Gabriele Sulli, Leo J. Y. Kim, Guoxin Zhang, Zhixin Qiu, Zhe Zhu, Xiang-Dong Fu, Jeremy N. Rich
Summary: This study reveals the role of A-to-I RNA editing mediated by ADAR1 in GBM stem cells and its potential as a therapeutic strategy. The elevated expression of ADAR1 and global RNA editomes in GSCs suggest their involvement in therapeutic resistance and relapse. Inhibition of ADAR1 or the upstream JAK/STAT pathway impairs GSC self-renewal and stemness. Additionally, the study highlights the critical role of RNA editing in ganglioside catabolism and its impact on GSCs.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Liyuan Wang, Yang Sun, Xiaojia Song, Zehua Wang, Yankun Zhang, Ying Zhao, Xueqi Peng, Xiaodong Zhang, Chunyang Li, Chengjiang Gao, Nailin Li, Lifen Gao, Xiaohong Liang, Zhuanchang Wu, Chunhong Ma
Summary: ADAR1 interacts with HBV RNA to disrupt host immune recognition through deamination, promoting HBV replication. HBV X protein transcriptionally increases ADAR1 expression to raise the threshold for immune activation, enhancing HBV escape from immune recognition.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renata Kleinova, Vinod Rajendra, Alina F. Leuchtenberger, Claudio Lo Giudice, Cornelia Vesely, Utkarsh Kapoor, Andrea Tanzer, Sophia Derdak, Ernesto Picardi, Michael F. Jantsch
Summary: ADAR1 is involved in A-to-I conversion in RNA, with two isoforms ADAR1p150 and ADAR1p110 expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus respectively. Mutations in ADAR1 cause Aicardi - Goutieres syndrome, while deletion of ADAR1p150 leads to embryonic lethality in mice. These findings highlight the critical role of ADAR1p150 in A-to-I editing.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Hematology
David M. Ross
Summary: Krishnan et al. present a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at diagnosis in the latest issue of Blood. They identify cellular features at diagnosis that can predict the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy by comparing different groups with varying treatment outcomes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Md Thoufic Anam Azad, Umme Qulsum, Toshifumi Tsukahara
Summary: This study used the MS2 system and specific guide RNAs to direct ADAR1-DD to target adenosines in the mRNA encoding-enhanced green fluorescence protein. The length and position of the guide RNA were found to affect the efficiency of converting stop codons to tryptophan. The highest editing efficiency was 16.6%.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jie Luo, Lanqi Gong, Yuma Yang, Yu Zhang, Qin Liu, Lu Bai, Xiaona Fang, Baifeng Zhang, Jiao Huang, Ming Liu, Beilei Liu, Ying Tang, Ching Ngar Wong, Jinlin Huang, Shan Liu, Shanshan Li, Tao Ding, Kwan Man, Victor Ho-Fun Lee, Yan Li, Stephanie Ma, Xin-Yuan Guan
Summary: This study reveals that ADAR1 regulates the properties of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) by editing GLI1 gene. Overediting of GLI1 induces an R701G substitution, enhancing tumor-initiating potential and aggressiveness. GLI1R701G promotes LCSC self-renewal through increased pluripotency gene expression. Additionally, ADAR1-enriched LCSCs show hyperactivated mitophagy, and GLI1 editing promotes a metabolic switch to control stress and stem-like state.
Article
Oncology
Yuxin Liu, Swati Bhardwaj, Keith Sigel, John Winters, Joseph Terlizzi, Michael M. Gaisa
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and severity of anal HPV disease among MSM LWH under the age of 35, finding a high prevalence of HPV infection and precancer but no cases of invasive anal cancer. This supports the adoption of age-based anal cancer screening for this population.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)
Correction
Oncology
J. Gu, S. Xie, S. Wang
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2024)