期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
卷 128, 期 11, 页码 2695-2708出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25592
关键词
urothelial cell carcinomas; bladder cancer; fluid; EPIC
类别
资金
- European Commission
- Research Directorate-General
- Ligue contre le Cancer
- Societe 3M
- Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France)
- German Cancer Aid
- German Cancer Research Center
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
- Danish Cancer Society (Denmark)
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation
- Department of Health, Food Standards Agency
- Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom)
- Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity
- Hellenic Health Foundation
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece)
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer, National Research Council (Italy)
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS)
- Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR)
- LK Research Funds
- Dutch Prevention Funds
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland)
- Dutch Cancer Society
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)
- Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands)
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Scientific Council
- Regional Government of Skane (Sweden)
- Norwegian Cancer Society (Norway)
- Medical Research Council [G0401527, MC_U106179471, G1000143] Funding Source: researchfish
Results from previous studies investigating the association between fluid intake and urothelial cell carcinomas (UCC) are inconsistent. We evaluated this association among 233,236 subjects in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had adequate baseline information on water and total fluid intake. During a mean follow-up of 9.3 years, 513 first primary UCC occurred. At recruitment, habitual fluid intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression stratified by age, sex and center and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, duration of smoking and lifetime intensity of smoking. When using the lowest tertile of intake as reference, total fluid intake was not associated with risk of all UCC (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.45, p-trend = 0.42) or with risk of prognostically high-risk UCC (HR 1.28; 95% CI 0.85-1.93, p-trend = 0.27) or prognostically low-risk UCC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.65-1.33, p-trend = 0.74). No associations were observed between risk of UCC and intake of water, coffee, tea and herbal tea and milk and other dairy beverages. For prognostically low-risk UCC suggestions of an inverse association with alcoholic beverages and of a positive association with soft drinks were seen. Increased risks were found for all UCC and prognostically low-risk UCC with higher intake of fruit and vegetable juices. In conclusion, total usual fluid intake is not associated with UCC risk in EPIC. The relationships observed for some fluids may be due to chance, but further investigation of the role of all types of fluid is warranted.
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