Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dongdong Li, Yufan Liu, Peishan Yi, Zhiwen Zhu, Wei Li, Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang, Jin Billy Li, Guangshuo Ou
Summary: This study revealed a mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans where RNA editing regulates hyperactive kinases, suggesting a widespread mechanism for kinase regulation.
Article
Oncology
Omer An, Yangyang Song, Xinyu Ke, Jimmy Bok-Yan So, Raghav Sundar, Henry Yang, Sun Young Rha, Ming Hui Lee, Su Ting Tay, Xuewen Ong, Angie Lay Keng Tan, Matthew Chau Hsien Ng, Erwin Tantoso, Leilei Chen, Patrick Tan, Wei Peng Yong
Summary: This study introduces a novel A-to-I RNA editing signature as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in advanced gastric cancer, offering a new tool for improved patient stratification and response to therapy.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata Kurkowiak, Lukasz Arcimowicz, Elzbieta Chrusciel, Zuzanna Urban-Wojciuk, Ines Papak, Liam Keegan, Mary O'Connell, Jacek Kowalski, Ted Hupp, Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
Summary: RNA editing is a prevalent form of post-transcriptional RNA modification that can be aberrant in diseases like cancer. Enzymes belonging to the ADAR family catalyze the deamination of adenosine to inosine, impacting mRNA and protein production and function. Studying in vivo RNA editing events can help identify pathological signaling mechanisms relevant to human cancer physiology.
Article
Biology
Dhruva Katrekar, Yichen Xiang, Nathan Palmer, Anushka Saha, Dario Meluzzi, Prashant Mali
Summary: Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) have potential for programmable RNA editing, but their exogenous delivery leads to non-specific targeting and low enzymatic activity on certain RNA motifs. By performing a deep mutational scan of the ADAR2 deaminase domain, we improved enzymatic activity and developed a split-ADAR2 deaminase with significantly higher specificity for RNA editing. This systematic engineering of the ADAR2 deaminase domain has important implications for RNA biotechnology applications.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yangyang Song, Omer An, Xi Ren, Tim Hon Man Chan, Daryl Jin Tai Tay, Sze Jing Tang, Jian Han, HuiQi Hong, Vanessa Hui En Ng, Xinyu Ke, Haoqing Shen, Priyankaa Pitcheshwar, Jaymie Siqi Lin, Ka Wai Leong, Fernando Bellido Molias, Henry Yang, Dennis Kappei, Leilei Chen
Summary: RNA editing lowers the level of edited COPA gene in tumor samples, leading to the transformation of COPA protein from a cancer-promoting form to a cancer-suppressive form. The loss of edited COPA promotes the development of liver cancer.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Ming Li, Cheng Yan, Yue Jiao, Yuqin Xu, Chen Bai, Rui Miao, Jiying Jiang, Jiao Liu
Summary: A-to-I RNA editing plays a significant role in various areas, and several SDRE systems have been developed to target disease mutations. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed.
FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haoqing Shen, Omer An, Xi Ren, Yangyang Song, Sze Jing Tang, Xin-Yu Ke, Jian Han, Daryl Jin Tai Tay, Vanessa Hui En Ng, Fernando Bellido Molias, Priyankaa Pitcheshwar, Ka Wai Leong, Ker-Kan Tan, Henry Yang, Leilei Chen
Summary: This study demonstrates that ADARs play a significant role in regulating the circular transcriptome. ADARs can stabilize or destabilize circRNA secondary structures through editing, and also enhance the binding of RNA-binding proteins. These ADARs-regulated circRNAs are widely expressed in various cancers and have functional relevance to tumorigenesis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan F. Diaz F. Quiroz, Louise D. D. Siskel, Joshua J. C. Rosenthal
Summary: Adenosine deamination by ADAR enzymes edits genetic information in mRNA. Researchers have developed two systems to redirect ADAR activity for therapeutic purposes. Currently, this technology is mainly used for correcting genetic mutations, but we argue that it can be used to modulate cell physiology in a temporary manner, particularly in the nervous system, for therapeutic advantages.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anton O. Goncharov, Victoria O. Shender, Ksenia G. Kuznetsova, Anna A. Kliuchnikova, Sergei A. Moshkovskii
Summary: Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a widespread post-transcriptional modification system catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, which mainly occurs in dsRNA before splicing. This review focuses on the interconnections between RNA editing and splicing in human cancer. Dysregulated RNA splicing in cancer can lead to the release of excess dsRNA into the cytosol, triggering antiviral-like responses and potentially inhibiting tumor growth. Inhibiting ADAR may enhance the effects of spliceosome inhibitors and could be a promising approach in cancer therapies targeting RNA splicing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emily A. Erdmann, Ananya Mahapatra, Priyanka Mukherjee, Boyoon Yang, Heather A. Hundley
Summary: Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) play crucial roles in RNA editing, changing the genetic information in RNA sequences by converting adenosine to inosine, leading to molecular and phenotypic diversity. Loss of ADARs results in lethality in mice and behavioral phenotypes in worm and fly model systems.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Loredana Frassinelli, Elisa Orecchini, Sofian Al-Wardat, Marco Tripodi, Carmine Mancone, Margherita Doria, Silvia Galardi, Silvia Anna Ciafre, Alessandro Michienzi
Summary: ADAR2 acts as a suppressor of L1 retrotransposition by inhibiting its activity, forming a complex with multiple non-ribosomal ADAR2-interacting factors.
Article
Cell Biology
Asra Abukar, Martin Wipplinger, Ananya Hariharan, Suna Sun, Manuel Ronner, Marika Sculco, Agata Okonska, Jelena Kresoja-Rakic, Hubert Rehrauer, Weihong Qi, Victor W. van Beusechem, Emanuela Felley-Bosco
Summary: The study reveals that RBM8A is highly expressed in mesothelioma, and its mRNA editing can stabilize protein expression levels. ADAR-dependent editing contributes to maintaining elevated RBM8A protein levels in mesothelioma by counteracting MSI2-driven downregulation.
Article
Ophthalmology
Enrico Bortoletto, Fabio Pieretti, Paola Brun, Paola Venier, Andrea Leonardi, Umberto Rosani
Summary: In this study, altered RNA editing in keratoconus (KC) was investigated. It was found that KC patients had significantly lower RNA editing levels, resulting in lower editing frequency and less edited bases. Differences in editing sites were observed in the chromosome 12 regions encoding Keratin type II cluster. Further investigation is needed to understand the functional implications.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Heming Wang, Sinuo Chen, Jiayi Wei, Guangqi Song, Yicheng Zhao
Summary: RNA editing, induced by ADAR, plays a crucial regulatory role in metazoans, affecting multiple cellular processes and functions. Despite the development of bioinformatics tools for identifying editing sites, the lack of widely accepted standards and challenges in tumor sample analysis still exist. Numerous editing sites have been reported in non-coding regions, impacting the biosynthesis of ncRNAs.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniel Endale Gebremichael, Zeraye Mehari Haile, Francesca Negrini, Silvia Sabbadini, Luca Capriotti, Bruno Mezzetti, Elena Baraldi
Summary: The application of exogenous RNAi technology in managing plant pathogenic fungi has shown promising results in reducing disease severity, highlighting the great potential of RNAi-mediated control of fungal diseases in crops.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Luca Massimi, Paola Peretta, Alessandra Erbetta, Alessandra Solari, Mariangela Farinotti, Palma Ciaramitaro, Veronica Saletti, Massimo Caldarelli, Alexandre Casagrande Canheu, Carlo Celada, Luisa Chiapparini, Daniela Chieffo, Giuseppe Cinalli, Federico Di Rocco, Marika Furlanetto, Flavio Giordano, George Jallo, Syril James, Paola Lanteri, Christian Lemarchand, Martina Messing-Juenger, Cecilia Parazzini, Giovanna Paternoster, Gianluca Piatelli, Maria A. Poca, Prab Prabahkar, Federica Ricci, Andrea Righini, Francesco Sala, Juan Sahuquillo, Marcus Stoodley, Giuseppe Talamonti, Dominic Thompson, Fabio Triulzi, Mino Zucchelli, Laura Valentini
Summary: Through the Delphi study, an international panel of experts reached consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of CM1 in children, with a total of 58 statements covering four main sections including Definition and Classification, Planning, Surgery, and Isolated Syringomyelia. The article emphasizes the need for establishing an international network and registry, as well as promoting collaborative studies to enhance the evidence base and optimize long-term care for this patient population.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Rosalinda Calandrelli, Fabio Pilato, Luca Massimi, Roberta Onesimo, Gabriella D'Apolito, Lorenzo Tenore, Domenico Romeo, Chiara Leoni, Giuseppe Zampino, Cesare Colosimo
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate neuromotor impairment in achondroplasic children using brain MRI. It found that the SICV/SICBV ratio was increased in both groups, while the PCFV/PCFBV ratio was decreased in the symptomatic group.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan Roth, Yurii Perekopaiko, Danil A. Kozyrev, Shlomi Constantini
Summary: This multinational, multicenter study investigated the clinical course of pediatric colloid cysts (CCs). A total of 134 children were included in the study, with the majority presenting symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. Surgery was the most common treatment option, with 10% of operated patients experiencing complications.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Angela Gallo, Min Park
Summary: This study examines whether access to the collateralized loan obligation (CLO) market as collateral managers or underwriters affects lenders' ability to cope with adverse shocks in the corporate lending market. The results indicate that lenders are able to switch to off-balance-sheet lending and reduce the risk on their balance sheets through securitization.
JOURNAL OF MONEY CREDIT AND BANKING
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Elisabetta Sforza, Gaia Margiotta, Valentina Giorgio, Domenico Limongelli, Francesco Proli, Eliza Maria Kuczynska, Chiara Leoni, Cristina De Rose, Valentina Trevisan, Domenico Marco Romeo, Rosalinda Calandrelli, Eugenio De Corso, Luca Massimi, Osvaldo Palmacci, Donato Rigante, Giuseppe Zampino, Roberta Onesimo
Summary: Achondroplasia is a common skeletal dysplasia in humans, caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene. Although its cardinal features and inheritance have been well-established, feeding and nutritional complications have not been given much prominence.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
G. Agresta, A. Campione, P. Veiceschi, D. Gallo, E. Agosti, L. Massimi, G. Piatelli, A. Consales, S. Linsler, J. Oertel, F. Pozzi, M. L. Tanda, P. Castelnuovo, D. Locatelli
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of a staged surgical approach and a single-stage radical approach in children with craniopharyngiomas. The results showed that a staged approach led to higher rates of gross total resection and progression-free survival compared to the single-stage approach, with no significant differences in other outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosalinda Calandrelli, Luca Massimi, Fabio Pilato, Tommaso Verdolotti, Antonio Ruggiero, Giorgio Attina, Marco Gessi, Cesare Colosimo
Summary: This study aims to assess the main imaging and clinical features in adult- and pediatric-onset atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) and build a predefined pathway for diagnosis. Clinical evaluation showed that ATRT was more common in children under 3 years old, with infratentorial localization reported more frequently in children under 24 months. Imaging findings revealed that ATRT had a preferential location near the ventricles and liquor spaces, with eccentric cysts as a hallmark feature. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis using specific immunohistochemical markers. The diagnosis of ATRT is more challenging in adults and relies solely on neuropathological examination.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Paolo Frassanito, Carolina Noya, Giorgio Ducoli, Luca Massimi, Federico Bianchi, Tommaso Verdolotti, Gianpiero Tamburrini
Summary: Introducing the technique of in situ laminotomy for treating spinal tumors, which allows preservation of the posterior tension band and provides sufficient exposure for surgery. This technique makes the procedure easier and faster while ensuring the integrity of the spine.
CHILDS NERVOUS SYSTEM
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Aikaterini Gatsiou, Simon Tual-Chalot, Matteo Napoli, Almudena Ortega-Gomez, Tommy Regen, Rachit Badolia, Valeriana Cesarini, Claudia Garcia-Gonzalez, Raphael Chevre, Giorgia Ciliberti, Carlos Silvestre-Roig, Maurizio Martini, Jedrzej Hoffmann, Rana Hamouche, Joseph R. Visker, Nikolaos Diakos, Astrid Wietelmann, Domenico Alessandro Silvestris, Georgio Georgiopoulos, Ali Moshfegh, Andre Schneider, Wei Chan, Stefan Guenther, Johanne Backs, Shin Kwak, Craig H. Selzman, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Stefan Rose-John, Christian Trautwein, Ioakim Spyridopoulos, Thomas Braun, Ari Waisman, Angela Gallo, Stavros G. Drakos, Stefanie Dimmeler, Markus Sperandio, Oliver Soehnlein, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: RNA editor ADAR2 regulates endothelial responses to IL-6, controlling leukocyte trafficking in inflamed and ischemic tissues. ADAR2 is required for IL-6 trans-signaling and immune cell infiltration through suppressing primary microRNA processing.
Article
Oncology
Elisabetta Lazzarini, Domenico Alessandro Silvestris, Giuseppe Benvenuto, Daniela Osti, Luigi Fattore, Rosina Paterra, Gaetano Finocchiaro, Paolo Malatesta, Antonio Daga, Alberto L. Gallotti, Rossella Galli, Giuliana Pelicci, Anna Tesei, Martina Bedeschi, Roberto Pallini, Lorenza Pasqualini, Chiara Romualdi, Angela Gallo, Lucia Ricci-Vitiani, Stefano Indraccolo
Summary: This study conducted genomic and transcriptomic characterization of a large set of patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), identifying TP53, PTEN, RB1, and NF1 as the main mutated genes in glioblastoma. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of RNA-seq data revealed distinct sets of up-regulated genes and signaling pathways. The fully molecularly characterized GSCs provide a valuable resource for precision oncology in the treatment of glioblastoma.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Valentina Tassinari, Piergiorgio La Rosa, Eugenia Guida, Ambra Colopi, Sara Caratelli, Francesca De Paolis, Angela Gallo, Carlo Cenciarelli, Giuseppe Sconocchia, Susanna Dolci, Valeriana Cesarini
Summary: Aging is a natural process that occurs in all organisms, leading to degenerative changes in the body, including the brain. These changes are driven by molecular pathways and can result in the loss of cellular functions and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. RNA modifications, such as A-to-I RNA editing, m6A RNA methylation, and alternative splicing, play important roles in neuronal cell life cycle and their dysregulation contributes to aging and neurodegeneration. This review highlights the significance of these RNA modifications in the physiological brain aging process and neurodegenerative diseases.
MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paolo Frassanito, Vito Stifano, Federico Bianchi, Gianpiero Tamburrini, Luca Massimi
Summary: Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is a helpful tool for the resection of space-occupying brain lesions, although technical limits may affect its reliability. By using IOUS with careful assessment of technical limits and implementing strategies to enhance real-time imaging, accurate localization and evaluation of resection extent can be achieved. These strategies include the use of hyperechoic markers, contrast administration, and specific techniques to overcome the limitations.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liam P. Keegan, Khadija Hajji, Mary A. O'Connell
Summary: ADAR enzymes play important roles in various biological processes, including nervous system function, hematopoiesis, and innate immunity. ADAR1 is involved in innate immunity by editing repetitive elements in RNA, while ADAR2 generates protein diversity in the nervous system. By altering nucleotides in RNA, ADAR enzymes help distinguish self from non-self RNA, affecting immune activity. The study of ADAR enzymes in humans holds great potential for applications.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Domenico Solari, Elena d'Avella, Gianluca Agresta, Domenico Catapano, Aurelio D'Ecclesia, Davide Locatelli, Luca Massimi, Diego Mazzatenta, Giannantonio Spena, Gianpiero Tamburrini, Cesare Zoia, Matteo Zoli, Giuseppe Cinalli, Paolo Cappabianca, Luigi Maria Cavallo
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas (ICs) and the impact of transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery. The results showed that EEA provides a direct route to ICs, avoids the need for additional bone and dural opening over the planum sphenoidale, and achieves high surgical success rates and satisfactory clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Giacomo Avesani, Alessio Perazzolo, Lorenzo Elia, Andrea Giovanni Anghelone, Simona Gaudino, Luca Russo, Enza Genco, Valerio Di Paola, Luca Massimi, Marco De Santis, Gianpiero Tamburrini, Riccardo Manfredi
Summary: Fetal MRI plays an important role in fetal surgery for open neural tube defects (NTDs). Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria can be adequately studied using fetal MRI. This review discusses the significance of fetal MRI in supporting pre-surgery treatment decisions and post-surgical effectiveness assessment.
