Article
Horticulture
Alvaro Delgado, Jose A. Egea, Eike Luedeling, Enrique Dapena
Summary: In the context of global warming, analyzing historic temperature records is crucial to understand climate change impacts on spring phenology. Despite significant temperature increase since 1978, local apple cultivars in northwestern Spain showed minor changes in bloom dates. This might be due to the small effect of temperature changes on chill accumulation and possible delay in endo-dormancy onset, counteracting the phenology-advancing effects of warming. High chill accumulation in the area indicates it's not a limiting factor for flowering and fruit quality.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Al P. Kovaleski
Summary: Budbreak, an important phenological phase in perennial plants, is influenced by dormancy which is poorly understood. The exposure to temperature, specifically chilling and forcing, plays a role in modeling budbreak. Cold hardiness is found to be a crucial aspect of dormancy and should be considered in studying dormancy and predicting budbreak. The rates of cold hardiness loss vary among species, leading to different times to budbreak, and are influenced by the accumulation of chill. Inherent differences in deacclimation rates between species can be standardized using a deacclimation potential measurement. This finding contradicts previous estimations based on budbreak assays and emphasizes the need for understanding cold hardiness dynamics in comparing dormancy control.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Al P. Kovaleski
Summary: Budbreak, one of the most studied phenological phases in perennial plants, is challenging to predict due to poor understanding of dormancy. The accumulation of chilling and heat units are used to model budbreak, but the negative correlation between them suggests that more chilling leads to less forcing required for budbreak. Furthermore, variation in chilling requirements between temperate plant species affects dormancy completion and proper budbreak. This study highlights the importance of considering cold hardiness to accurately predict budbreak and suggests a new framework for studying dormancy based on cold hardiness dynamics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Erica Fadon, Sara Herrera, Maria Herrero, Javier Rodrigo
Summary: Male meiosis in temperate fruit trees is influenced by seasonality, with a significant impact from both endodormancy and warm temperatures during the forcing period. Although chilling fulfillment and meiosis are not directly correlated, a period of several weeks with high accumulation of Growing Degree Hours (GDH) exists between the two stages. This study provides insights into the strategies of synchronizing dormancy with seasons in fruit tree reproduction.
Article
Agronomy
Xiu Zeng, Yanjun Du, Yann Vitasse
Summary: Global warming is causing unprecedented impacts on plant phenology and vitality, with potential consequences for the food web, carbon and water cycling, and ecosystem functions. This study investigated the effects of chilling and forcing temperatures on spring phenology in subtropical woody species and found that shorter chilling duration disrupted the sequence of budburst and leaf-out timings among the study species.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Horticulture
Abdel-Moety Salama, Ahmed Ezzat, Hassan El-Ramady, Shamel M. Alam-Eldein, Sameh K. Okba, Hayam M. Elmenofy, Islam F. Hassan, Attila Illes, Imre J. Holb
Summary: Adequate chill is crucial for deciduous fruit trees, but temperate fruit trees in warm winter regions face challenges with dormancy and chilling requirements under climate change. The review discusses the effects of climate change on these parameters and the development of models to improve adaptation in tropical and subtropical environments.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yazhini Velappan, Tinashe G. Chabikwa, John A. Considine, Patricia Agudelo-Romero, Christine H. Foyer, Santiago Signorelli, Michael J. Considine
Summary: There is a disconnect between the physiology and transcriptome of grapevine buds during dormancy, and ABA-related gene expression and photoperiod play important roles.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Xinbo Wang, Hanfeng Xu, Qimei Ma, Yue Luo, Dashan He, Nicholas G. Smith, Sergio Rossi, Lei Chen
Summary: This study found that low temperatures and warm temperatures simultaneously affect spring leaf unfolding dates in temperate trees during the dormancy period and spring, promoting more precise predictions of phenological shifts under future climate change.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qianqian Ma, Jian-Guo Huang, Heikki Hanninen, Xiaobo Li, Frank Berninger
Summary: This study examined the responses of leaf-out and flowering of four common temperate tree species to climate warming using long-term phenological records in Europe. The results showed that the time interval between leaf-out and flowering increased from 1950 to 2013, with the first event advancing more than the second. The unequal advances of the two events may alter resource partitioning and spring frost damage, affecting species fitness and ecosystem structure and function.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Adriana Cifuentes-Carvajal, Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba, Edgar Vinson, Elina D. Coneva, Dario Chavez, Melba R. Salazar-Gutierrez
Summary: This study aimed to model the budbreak of selected peach cultivars using different models and determine the chilling accumulation and thermal time required for budbreak and the duration of dormancy. These results are valuable for crop management practices and mitigating cold damage.
Article
Ecology
Manuel G. Walde, Zhaofei Wu, Tom Fox, Frederik Baumgarten, Yongshuo H. Fu, Shuxin Wang, Yann Vitasse
Summary: Winter chilling, spring temperature, and photoperiod are key factors driving the spatial and temporal variability of spring phenology in temperate trees. The interaction between chilling, forcing, and photoperiod influences how different species respond to the changing seasons, with species-specific effects observed. Linear heat accumulation based on temperature thresholds could accurately predict budburst dates, but a sigmoid relationship accounting for chilling exposure may yield better predictions. Deciduous trees may have adapted their requirements for chilling and forcing based on the predictability of winter-spring transition and risk of late spring frosts.
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Frederik Baumgarten, Constantin M. Zohner, Arthur Gessler, Yann Vitasse
Summary: This study assessed the progress of winter dormancy and the efficiency of different chilling temperatures in six dominant temperate European tree species. The results showed that freezing temperatures were most effective for some species and had similar effects as chilling temperatures up to 10 degrees C for others, leading to minimum thermal time to budburst. Interestingly, chilling duration had a larger effect on dormancy release than absolute chilling temperature.
Article
Forestry
Rongzhou Man, Pengxin Lu, Qing-Lai Dang
Summary: Insufficient winter chilling due to rising temperatures has raised concerns about its impact on budburst timing and subsequent tree growth. Different tree species exhibit varying chilling-forcing relationships, leading to different responses to temperature changes and resulting in year-to-year variation in phenology. Insufficient chilling can increase cumulative forcing needed for budburst, but only extreme chilling deficiency causes abnormal budburst and growth.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ji Hyeon Son, Md Atikul Islam, Joon Ho Hong, Ji Young Jeong, Ok Yeon Song, Hui Eun Kim, Naeem Khan, Nargis Jamila, Kyong Su Kim
Summary: This study analyzed the volatile organic compounds in the leaves of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Artemisia annua L. from Korea using different extraction methods. A total of 116 compounds were identified, with 33 being reported for the first time, providing insights for distinguishing between the two plant species.
FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Economics
Gianluca Cerruti, Gianluca Mazzarella, Mauro Migliavacca
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of Italy's 2015 Jobs Act on the household formation and fertility intentions of young Italians. The study finds that the reform seems to have leveled out the differences in intentions among individuals living in different districts. The research utilizes the variation in court efficiency to assess the reform's impact.
REVIEW OF ECONOMICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Aaron Teets, Amey S. Bailey, Koen Hufkens, Scott Ollinger, Christina Schadel, Bijan Seyednasrollah, Andrew D. Richardson
Summary: This study optimized the phenology algorithms in the widely used biogeochemical model PnET-CN through incorporating phenology data from PhenoCam sites in eastern North America. The new phenology models significantly affected daily estimates and interannual variability of carbon, water, and nitrogen cycling. However, their impact on annual totals was not substantial. It was found that spring had twice the effect of fall on annual carbon and water exchange totals, highlighting the importance of accurately modeling season length for future projections of carbon and water cycling.
Article
Agronomy
Xiaolu Li, Toby Ault, Andrew D. Richardson, Carlos M. Carrillo, David M. Lawrence, Danica Lombardozzi, Steve Frolking, Dimitris A. Herrera, Minkyu Moon
Summary: Plant phenology regulates the exchange of water and energy between the biosphere and the atmosphere, impacting planetary boundary layer dynamics. Altering plant phenology affects boundary layer fluxes through changes in evapotranspiration, absorbed solar radiation, and low cloud fraction. Shifts in phenology have significant impacts on the Great Plains and Eastern United States in terms of boundary layer height during spring and fall.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Magali F. Nehemy, Zoe Pierrat, Jason Maillet, Andrew D. Richardson, Jochen Stutz, Bruce Johnson, Warren Helgason, Alan G. Barr, Colin P. Laroque, Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Summary: Field-based assessment of transpiration phenology in boreal tree species is difficult. This study presents an objective approach using stem radius change and its correlation with sapwood temperature to determine the timing of phenological changes in mixed evergreen species. The approach is validated using a five-year stem-radius dataset from black spruce and jack pine trees in Saskatchewan, and compared with tower-based phenological assessment and other measurements. The method identifies the start and end of key transpiration phenological phases and provides information not captured by canopy-level measurements alone.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Ecology
R. Quinn Thomas, Carl Boettiger, Cayelan C. Carey, Michael C. Dietze, Leah R. Johnson, Melissa A. Kenney, Jason S. McLachlan, Jody A. Peters, Eric R. Sokol, Jake F. Weltzin, Alyssa Willson, Whitney M. Woelmer
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Pu Yan, Marcos Fernandez-Martinez, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Guirui Yu, Mirco Migliavacca, Nianpeng He
Summary: This study systematically explores the role of different biodiversity attributes, including species richness, phylogenetic and functional diversity, and community-weighted mean (CWM) and ecosystem traits, in the key axes of ecosystem functions. The findings emphasize the critical importance of biodiversity conservation in sustaining terrestrial ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) and ensuring human well-being.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Javier Pacheco-Labrador, Francesco de Bello, Mirco Migliavacca, Xuanlong Ma, Nuno Carvalhais, Christian Wirth
Summary: Remote sensing aims to produce global-coverage maps of plant functional diversity (PFD) across scales. We propose a generalizable normalization approach based on the maximum potential dissimilarity and compare it to traditional methods. By simulating plant communities and comparing remote sensing-based diversity measurements, we find that this approach enables comparison of different remote sensing data.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Lynsay Spafford, Andrew H. MacDougall, Yann Vitasse, Gianluca Filippa, Andrew Richardson, James Steenberg, J. Jelle Lever
Summary: Climate change has increased the frequency of severe weather events and created stressful growing conditions, which may impact ecosystem resilience. To monitor these effects, conservation managers use phenocams to observe leaf function and detect declines due to disturbance or stress. This study explores the application of phenocams using 14 examples to detect responses to disturbances such as hurricanes, frost, insect defoliation, and drought stress. The results show that changes in the duration of the rising section, plateau section, and entire leaf-on period can reliably indicate leaf functional declines. Phenocams are powerful tools for monitoring ecological integrity and quantifying dynamic responses to disturbance or stress.
Review
Agronomy
Andrew D. Richardson
Summary: Over the past twenty years, phenology has emerged as a key subfield of global change biology, providing an integrated measure of organismal response to climate change and driving the functional responses of ecosystems. The PhenoCam Network has greatly contributed to phenology research, with over 200 papers published using Phenocam technology. The network's success highlights the power of research networks and the transformative potential of open, freely-available data.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Ran Wang, David R. Bowling, John A. Gamon, Kenneth R. Smith, Rong Yu, Gabriel Hmimina, Masahito Ueyama, Asko Noormets, Thomas E. Kolb, Andrew D. Richardson, Charles P. A. Bourque, Rosvel Bracho, Peter D. Blanken, Andrew Black, M. Altaf Arain
Summary: This study found that the performance of greenness-based indices in tracking gross primary productivity (GPP) phenology in North American evergreen forests is limited. After correcting for snow effects, the CCI and NIRv indices performed well in tracking GPP phenology for different reasons. Correlations between GPP and vegetation indices varied among different ecoregions and climate classes.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mariah S. Carbone, Andrew D. Richardson, Billy Barr, Max Berkelhammer, Claudia M. Boot, Austin Simonpietri, Christopher J. Still
Summary: Long-term soil CO2 emission measurements are crucial for understanding trends and variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle. This study conducted continuous measurements in two high elevation forest types in the upper Colorado River basin and found that snowfall and rainfall had significant impacts on soil CO2 flux, with greater sensitivity to rainfall. Furthermore, the study observed a decline in surface soil CO2 production due to warming and reduced summer rainfall.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wantong Li, Javier Pacheco-Labrador, Mirco Migliavacca, Diego Miralles, Anne Hoek van Dijke, Markus Reichstein, Matthias Forkel, Weijie Zhang, Christian Frankenberg, Annu Panwar, Qian Zhang, Ulrich Weber, Pierre Gentine, Rene Orth
Summary: This study investigates the physiological responses of global vegetation to drought using remote sensing data, machine learning, and model simulations. The findings show that the decrease in vegetation functionality is mainly driven by the downregulation of physiological processes, such as stomatal conductance and light use efficiency, with the most significant downregulation in water-limited regions. The study also highlights the role of abnormal hydro-meteorological conditions and vegetation types in modulating physiological drought responses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alexander Graf, Georg Wohlfahrt, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Nicola Arriga, Christian Bruemmer, Eric Ceschia, Philippe Ciais, Ankur R. Desai, Sara Di Lonardo, Mana Gharun, Thomas Gruenwald, Lukas Hoertnagl, Kuno Kasak, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Natalia Kowalska, Michael Leuchner, Anders Lindroth, Matthias Mauder, Mirco Migliavacca, Alexandra C. Morel, Andreas Pfennig, Hendrik Poorter, Christian Poppe Teran, Oliver Reitz, Corinna Rebmann, Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, Marius Schmidt, Ladislav Sigut, Enrico Tomelleri, Ke Yu, Andrej Varlagin, Harry Vereecken
Summary: Research finds that climate change mitigation efforts through increasing carbon uptake can lead to a decrease in land surface albedo, causing a warming effect, especially in afforestation and snow-free environments. However, a balanced approach that optimizes both carbon uptake and albedo can achieve long-term cooling without causing warming in any time period.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Drew M. P. Peltier, Jim Lemoine, Chris Ebert, Xiaomei Xu, Kiona Ogle, Andrew D. Richardson, Mariah S. Carbone
Summary: In this study, a comparison was made between the increment C-14 obtained from incubation and extraction methods for nonstructural carbon. The incubation method was found to capture metabolically relevant nonstructural carbon more accurately compared to the extraction method, which also included some metabolically irrelevant carbon. Therefore, incubations of live tissues are suggested as a viable method to study the increment C-14 of metabolically relevant nonstructural carbon.
Correction
Biodiversity Conservation
L. Meng, Y. Zhou, L. Gu, A. D. Richardson, J. Penuelas, Y. Fu, Y. Wang, G. R. Asrar, H. J. De Boeck, J. Mao, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
