期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
卷 44, 期 2, 页码 257-261出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.11.011
关键词
Hepatocytes; Biotransformation enzymes; Phase I metabolism; Phase II metabolism
Liver is the most important organ involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics. Within the main organisational unit, the hepatocyte, is an assembly of enzymes commonly classified as phase I and phase II enzymes. The phase I enzymes principally cytochrome P450 catalyse both oxidative and reductive reactions of a bewildering number of xenobiotics. Many of the products of phase I enzymes become substrates for the phase II enzymes, which catalyse conjugation reactions making use of endogenous cofactors. As xenobiotic metabolising enzymes are responsible for the toxicity of many chemicals and drugs, testing the role of the biotransformation enzymes and the transporters within the hepatocyte is critical. New methodologies may be able to provide information to allow for better in vitro to in vivo extrapolation of data. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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