Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olimpia Kursa, Grzegorz Tomczyk, Anna Sawicka-Durkalec, Aleksandra Giza, Magdalena Slomiany-Szwarc
Summary: This study characterized the bacterial communities of upper respiratory tracks in commercial turkeys using NGS sequencing, revealing differences in bacterial diversity at the family and genus level, and the presence of several respiratory pathogens. The results provide information about bacterial composition and diversity of the turkey upper respiratory tract, which can be useful in controlling, diagnosing and treating commercial turkey flocks.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiangning Bai, Aswathy Narayanan, Magdalena Skagerberg, Rafael Cena-Diez, Christian G. Giske, Kristoffer Stralin, Anders Sonnerborg
Summary: This study reveals correlations between the upper respiratory tract microbiome and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, particularly a strong association between Moraxella lincolnii and vitamin K2 biosynthesis pathways with better clinical results.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christopher C. Butler, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Oghenekome A. Gbinigie, Najib M. Rahman, Gail Hayward, Duncan B. Richards, Jienchi Dorward, David M. Lowe, Joseph F. Standing, Judith Breuer, Saye Khoo, Stavros Petrou, Kerenza Hood, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Mahendra G. Patel, Benjamin R. Saville, Joe Marion, Emma Ogburn, Julie Allen, Heather Rutter, Nick Francis, Nicholas P. B. Thomas, Philip Evans, Melissa Dobson, Tracie-Ann Madden, Jane Holmes, Victoria Harris, May Ee Png, Mark Lown, Oliver van Hecke, Michelle A. Detry, Christina T. Saunders, Mark Fitzgerald, Nicholas S. Berry, Lazaro Mwandigha, Ushma Galal, Sam Mort, Bhautesh D. Jani, Nigel D. Hart, Haroon Ahmed, Daniel Butler, Micheal McKenna, Jem Chalk, Layla Lavallee, Elizabeth Hadley, Lucy Cureton, Magdalena Benysek, Monique Andersson, Maria Coates, Sarah Barrett, Clare Bateman, Jennifer C. Davies, Ivy Raymundo-Wood, Andrew Ustianowski, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Ly-Mee Yu, Paul Little
Summary: This study aimed to determine the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of molnupiravir in vaccinated high-risk patients in the community. The results showed that molnupiravir did not reduce hospital admissions or deaths associated with COVID-19 compared to usual care in this population.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Shantelle Claassen-Weitz, Katherine Y. L. Lim, Christopher Mullally, Heather J. Zar, Mark P. Nicol
Summary: The study found an association between upper respiratory tract bacteria and lower respiratory tract infection in young children, with H. influenzae and Klebsiella spp. showing higher detection rates in cases. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis of childhood lower respiratory tract infections.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Pablo J. Bertrand, Yaneisi Vazquez, Andrea A. Beckhaus, Liliana A. Gonzalez, Ana Maria Contreras, Marcela Ferres, Oslando Padilla, Claudia A. Riedel, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno
Summary: The study suggests that IL-8 and IL-33 are significantly increased in lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV and could be potential biomarkers for clinical severity in children with LRTIs.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Bryndis Bjornsdottir, Ubaldo Benitez Hernandez, Asgeir Haraldsson, Valtyr Thors
Summary: This prospective study describes a cohort of children presenting to a single-centre pediatric emergency department (ED) with suspected invasive bacterial infection, and explores the relationships between nasopharyngeal microbes and outcomes. It found that the presence of respiratory viruses and the carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were associated with a higher risk of pneumonia in children.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yurong Liu, Yanru Wang, Jiyuan Dong, Jiancheng Wang, Hairong Bao, Guangyu Zhai
Summary: This study investigated the associations between air pollution and emergency hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in Lanzhou, China. The results showed significant associations between PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO with URTI hospital visits, with SO2 and CO having the strongest effects. Children, females, and the cool season were more susceptible to the effects of air pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark Legacy, Dugald Seely, Ellen Conte, Athanasios Psihogios, Tim Ramsay, Dean A. Fergusson, Salmaan Kanji, John-Graydon Simmons, Kumanan Wilson
Summary: COVID-19 has caused worldwide morbidity and mortality, and effective treatments are still needed, especially for people in the community. This study aims to explore if nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin, and zinc are effective treatment options for outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shen Xingrong, Feng Rui, Chai Jing, Cheng Jing, Isabel Oliver, Helen Lambert, Debin Wang
Summary: Antibiotics prescription was strongly associated with clinical diagnosis of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), but not with the presence of bacteria in patient samples. Some diagnoses may have been given by clinicians to justify the prescription of antibiotics. Additional measures, such as symptoms, should be used in conjunction with diagnosis to supervise or audit excessive use of antibiotics.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ildiko Gagyor, Alastair D. Hay
Summary: Clinical and antimicrobial stewardship outcomes are crucial in pragmatic primary care trials, but currently lack agreed standards for design. Recommendations for future research designs include specifying interpretation of conflicting results, ensuring prescriptions from external sources are included in AMS effectiveness measures, prioritizing antimicrobial resistance in outcomes, considering antibiotics used in interventions as part of the outcome, and involving patients in establishing principles for prioritizing AMS or clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
David T. J. Broderick, David W. Waite, Robyn L. Marsh, Carlos A. Camargo, Paul Cardenas, Anne B. Chang, William O. C. Cookson, Leah Cuthbertson, Wenkui Dai, Mark L. Everard, Alain Gervaix, J. Kirk Harris, Kohei Hasegawa, Lucas R. Hoffman, Soo-Jong Hong, Laurence Josset, Matthew S. Kelly, Bong-Soo Kim, Yong Kong, Shuai C. Li, Jonathan M. Mansbach, Asuncion Mejias, George A. O'Toole, Laura Paalanen, Marcos Perez-Losada, Melinda M. Pettigrew, Maxime Pichon, Octavio Ramilo, Lasse Ruokolainen, Olga Sakwinska, Patrick C. Seed, Christopher J. van der Gast, Brandie D. Wagner, Hana Yi, Edith T. Zemanick, Yuejie Zheng, Naveen Pillarisetti, Michael W. Taylor
Summary: In this study, a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 20 studies involving 2624 children revealed that respiratory diseases were associated with decreased bacterial diversity in nasal and lower airway samples, as well as higher abundance of specific nasal taxa including Streptococcus and Haemophilus. Machine learning showed varying success rates in assigning samples to diagnostic groupings depending on the anatomical site, with positive predictive value ranging from 43 to 100 and sensitivity ranging from 8 to 99%.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Kensuke Nakagawara, Shotaro Chubachi, Ho Namkoong, Hiromu Tanaka, Ho Lee, Shuhei Azekawa, Shiro Otake, Takahiro Fukushima, Atsuho Morita, Mayuko Watase, Kaori Sakurai, Tatsuya Kusumoto, Takanori Asakura, Katsunori Masaki, Hirofumi Kamata, Makoto Ishii, Naoki Hasegawa, Norihiro Harada, Tetsuya Ueda, Soichiro Ueda, Takashi Ishiguro, Ken Arimura, Fukuki Saito, Takashi Yoshiyama, Yasushi Nakano, Yoshikazu Mutoh, Yusuke Suzuki, Ryuya Edahiro, Koji Murakami, Yasunori Sato, Yukinori Okada, Ryuji Koike, Yuko Kitagawa, Katsushi Tokunaga, Akinori Kimura, Seiya Imoto, Satoru Miyano, Seishi Ogawa, Takanori Kanai, Koichi Fukunaga
Summary: This study compared the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The study found that upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Licia Bordi, Antonella Vulcano, Giuseppe Sberna, Marino Nonis, Paolo Giacomini, Fabrizio Maggi, Carla Fontana, Eleonora Lalle
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and bacterial/fungal co-infections and super-infections, emphasizing the significance of utilizing rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the timely diagnosis of LRTIs.
Review
Infectious Diseases
P. Naucler, A. Huttner, C. H. Van Werkhoven, M. Singer, P. Tattevin, S. Einav, T. Tangden
Summary: The study explored the impact of time to antibiotic treatment on clinical outcomes in patients presenting to the emergency department with bacterial infections of different severity of illness and source of infection. Most articles supported prompt administration of effective antibiotics for septic shock and bacterial meningitis, but there is no clear evidence showing that a delayed start of therapy is associated with worse outcome for less severe infectious syndromes.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joshua Bilello, Ikenna Okereke
Summary: Diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract are becoming more common over time, with the microbiome playing a significant role in disease formation. Various factors such as medications, surgical procedures, and environmental changes can affect the microbiome of the upper gastrointestinal tract, potentially leading to the development of diseases.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Allison M. Hitchcock, Wesley D. Kufel, Keri A. Mastro Dwyer, Eric F. Sidman
Summary: Lenacapavir is a novel HIV-1 treatment option for patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 infection. It has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and has shown good tolerability and efficacy in clinical trials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2024)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Roberta Gagliardini, Alessandro Tavelli, Stefano Rusconi, Sergio Lo Caputo, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Andrea Costantini, Alessandra Vergori, Franco Maggiolo, Andrea Giacomelli, Giulia Burastero, Giordano Madeddu, Eugenia Quiros Roldan, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Andrea Antinori, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
Summary: This study evaluated multiple treatment failures to modern antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals and found that approximately 4% of them were difficult to treat. The difficult to treat group, compared to the non-difficult to treat group, was characterized by older age, higher prevalence of AIDS, lower CD4+ cell count, and higher risk of treatment failure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2024)