Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Waresi Tuersong, Xin Liu, Yifan Wang, Simin Wu, Peixi Qin, Shengnang Zhu, Feng Liu, Chunqun Wang, Min Hu
Summary: This study explored the metabolome of an IVM-resistant H. contortus strain and analyzed the role of metabolism in IVM resistance. The results showed that amino acid metabolism may be mediated by the uptake of IVM and related to IVM resistance in H. contortus. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of IVM resistance and may provide effective approaches to manage infection by resistant strains of H. contortus.
Article
Cell Biology
Stephen R. Doyle, Roz Laing, David Bartley, Alison Morrison, Nancy Holroyd, Kirsty Maitland, Alistair Antonopoulos, Umer Chaudhry, Ilona Flis, Sue Howell, Jennifer McIntyre, John S. Gilleard, Andy Tait, Barbara Mable, Ray Kaplan, Neil Sargison, Collette Britton, Matthew Berriman, Eileen Devaney, James A. Cotton
Summary: Understanding the genetic basis of anthelmintic drug resistance in parasitic nematodes is crucial for improving parasite control. By using an in vivo genetic cross, this study successfully mapped resistance loci for three major classes of anthelmintics and identified new alleles for resistance. The study also implicated a transcription factor in ivermectin resistance and demonstrated the feasibility of high-resolution forward genetics in parasitic nematodes.
Article
Parasitology
Waresi Tuersong, Caixian Zhou, Simin Wu, Peixi Qin, Chunqun Wang, Wenda Di, Lu Liu, Hui Liu, Min Hu
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Ivermectin (IVM)-resistant Haemonchus contortus compared to susceptible strains, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of IVM resistance. The study revealed potential new target genes related to lipid metabolism, cuticle structure, and important pathways such as antigen processing, lysosome, autophagy, apoptosis, and NOD1-like receptor signaling pathways. These findings contribute to a better understanding of IVM resistance in H. contortus.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Amanda C. Shaver, Janneke Wit, Clayton Dilks, Timothy Crombie, Hanchen Li, Raffi Aroian, Erik Andersen
Summary: Treatment of parasitic nematode infections in humans and livestock is becoming a challenge due to the increasing anthelmintic resistance. However, the use of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism has provided insights into the molecular targets of anthelmintic drugs. By studying genetically diverse strains of C. elegans, researchers were able to identify variations in anthelmintic responses and quantify the contribution of genetics to resistance. This study highlights the importance of using genetically diverse models to understand anthelmintic resistance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yang Liu, Xiaomin Wang, Xiaoping Luo, Rui Wang, Bintao Zhai, Penglong Wang, Junyan Li, Xiaoye Yang
Summary: In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic differences in ivermectin-resistant and -susceptible strains of H. contortus were examined before and after Ivermectin treatment. The results showed that genes such as UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 (CYP), and p-glycoprotein (Pgp) play important roles in H. contortus drug resistance. The findings provide useful information for understanding the resistance response of H. contortus.
Article
Parasitology
Elise Courtot, Morgane Miclon, Barbara Reaves, Adrian J. Wolstenholme, Cedric Neveu
Summary: Levamisole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic used to control parasitic nematodes impacting livestock, but its efficacy is compromised by drug-resistant parasites. This study investigates truncated cholinergic receptor sub-units as potential levamisole resistance markers in nematodes. The researchers used Xenopus oocyte and Caenorhabditis elegans as expression systems to functionally investigate these markers. They found that truncated UNC-63 induces a reduction in levamisole susceptibility, providing the first functional validation for this molecular marker.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sasha Hayes, Aya C. Taki, Kah Yean Lum, Joseph J. Byrne, Jonathan M. White, Merrick G. Ekins, Robin B. Gasser, Rohan A. Davis
Summary: This study identified a marine extract derived from an Australian sponge with activity against an economically important parasitic nematode. Further analysis led to the purification of four known sesterterpenes and the revision of their chemical structures. The findings suggest that these sesterterpenes deserve further investigation for their activity against nematodes.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Laura Mate, Mariana Ballent, Candela Canton, Carlos Lanusse, Laura Ceballos, Luis L. Ignacio Alvarez, Juan Pedro Liron
Summary: This study compared the gene expression levels of ABC transporters in sheep nematode Haemonchus contortus isolates with different susceptibility to ivermectin and found that some ABC transporter genes showed minor differences in transcription levels, but could not fully explain ivermectin resistance. Pgp-9 may be one of the most relevant candidates contributing to the multi-genic nature of ivermectin resistance.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Isabella Adduci, Floriana Sajovitz, Barbara Hinney, Katharina Lichtmannsperger, Anja Joachim, Thomas Wittek, Shi Yan
Summary: This comprehensive review article summarizes the current control strategies, antigen engineering, and recent advances in anti-Haemonchus vaccine development for Haemonchus contortus, the most pathogenic blood-feeding parasitic nematode in sheep and goats. The review highlights the challenges and achievements in developing protective, efficient, and long-lasting vaccines to control H. contortus infection and discusses the potential of vaccines as an alternative control strategy. Novel developments addressing the challenge of glycosylation of putative vaccine candidates in recombinant form are also discussed.
Article
Microbiology
Kaetlyn T. Ryan, Nicolas J. Wheeler, Isaac K. Kamara, Hailey Johnson, Judith E. Humphries, Mostafa Zamanian, John D. Chan
Summary: Macrocyclic lactones are commonly used to treat parasitic roundworm infections, but their activity against parasitic flatworms has not been thoroughly studied. Ivermectin, a prototypical macrocyclic lactone, is known to be ineffective against flatworms. However, other macrocyclic lactones may have antiparasitic activity on flatworms. In this study, an automated imaging assay combined with measurement of lactate levels was used to screen 21 macrocyclic lactones against adult schistosomes. Several macrocyclic lactones were identified to cause paralysis and lack of lactate production in vitro, but further testing in mice did not show a reduction in worm burden.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniela Bedenice, Jessica Resnick-Sousa, Lauren Bookbinder, Victoria Trautwein, Hannah N. Creasey, Giovanni Widmer
Summary: This study examined the correlation between nematode worm burden and intestinal microbiota composition in adult alpacas. Fecal samples were collected from 102 healthy alpacas at three different time points. The results showed high temporal stability in the fecal microbiota of healthy alpacas. The intensity of nematode infection was only significantly correlated with microbiota composition 14 days after treatment. Alpaca age was found to be the only consistent predictor of microbiota taxonomic composition.
Article
Parasitology
Moise Ondua, Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya, Muna Ali Abdalla, Lyndy J. McGaw
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of plant extracts from 11 traditional South African plants against Haemonchus contortus. The Typha capensis acetone extract showed strong inhibitory effects on egg hatching and larval development, while two compounds isolated from T. capensis displayed antioxidant and anthelmintic activities against H. contortus. Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of these plant extracts in vivo.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeba R. J. Jesudoss Chelladurai, Katy A. Martin, Pam Vardaxis, Craig Reinemeyer, Paramasivan Vijayapalani, Alan P. Robertson, Matthew T. Brewer
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the role of permeability glycoproteins (P-gps) in Toxocara canis drug tolerance. They found that T. canis has 13 annotated P-gp genes, with at least 10 expressed in adults and hatched larvae, and at least 8 expressed in somatic larvae. However, treatment with macrocyclic lactones did not significantly increase P-gp expression. Further studies are needed to understand the contribution of P-gps to macrocyclic lactone tolerance in T. canis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Ekta Singh, Dinesh Chandra, Arvind Prasad, Navneet Kaur
Summary: The study was conducted in small ruminant farms in the western region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Two in vitro tests were performed to assess ivermectin resistance in field isolates of H. contortus, showing the susceptibility of the isolates in the area under study. The results of the two tests had statistically non-significant standard deviations, concluding that both in vitro tests are reliable for detecting resistance against different anthelmintics including ivermectin.
ACTA PARASITOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christina D. Moon, Luis Carvalho, Michelle R. Kirk, Alan F. McCulloch, Sandra Kittelmann, Wayne Young, Peter H. Janssen, Dave M. Leathwick
Summary: Anthelmintic treatments, including a controlled release capsule (CRC) and a long-acting moxidectin injection (LAI), were found to significantly impact the rumen microbiota composition in adult ewes. The CRC treatment increased the relative abundances of specific archaeal species, while the LAI treatment led to minor changes in the bacterial and fungal communities. Overall, the anthelmintic treatments resulted in few but highly significant changes to the rumen microbiota composition.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
