Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ze Zhang, Woo Yong Chang, Kaiwen Wang, Yuqiu Yang, Xinlei Wang, Chen Yao, Tuoqi Wu, Li Wang, Tao Wang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between B-cell receptors (BCRs) and B-cell gene expression in COVID-19. The researchers found a stronger coupling between BCRs and B-cell gene expression during COVID-19 infections. They developed the Benisse model, which revealed a gradient of B-cell activation along BCR trajectories.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Artem Mikelov, Evgeniia Alekseeva, Ekaterina A. Komech, Dmitry B. Staroverov, Maria A. Turchaninova, Mikhail Shugay, Dmitriy M. Chudakov, Georgii A. Bazykin, Ivan Zvyagin
Summary: The study analyzes the longitudinal dynamics of immune memory B cells and reveals a high degree of clonal persistence within memory B cell subsets. There is convergence between memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) among individuals. The study identifies two clusters of expanded clonal lineages with different prevalence and persistence, suggesting the reactivation of memory B cells during proliferation and differentiation into ASCs.
Article
Immunology
Kris Covens, Bert Verbinnen, Britt G. de Jong, Leen Moens, Greet Wuyts, Geert Verheyen, Kris Nys, Jonathan Cremer, Stijn Smulders, Rik Schrijvers, Andreas Weinhaeusel, Severine Vermeire, Patrick Verschueren, Ellen De Langhe, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Menno C. van Zelm, Xavier Bossuyt
Summary: Antibody-secreting cells are present in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals, and a small population of CD19+CD43+ B cells lacking CD27 expression has been characterized. These CD27-CD43+ cells exhibit similar characteristics to conventional plasmablasts but have differences in function and homing potential.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Meng Wu, Jing Zhang, Yi Wang, Lan Mi, Xiaopei Wang, Weiping Liu, Jie Fu, Haifeng Song, Yuqin Song, Jun Zhu
Summary: This study provides evidence that the presence of residual malignant B cells is connected to the clonal diversity of the resulting BCR repertoire. The study suggests that the growth rate of a patient's peripheral B cell diversity after stem cell transplant can be used as a prognostic indicator for relapse. The study also highlights the impact of tumor cells on the replenishment of the peripheral BCR immune repertoire.
Article
Immunology
Morgane Thomas, Charlotte Bruzeau, Ophelie Alyssa Martin, Justine Pollet, Sebastien Bender, Claire Carrion, Sandrine Le Noir, Eric Pinaud
Summary: SATB1 is a cell type-specific factor that plays an essential role in the genetic network of developing T cells and neurons. However, its involvement in B-cell differentiation needs further clarification. Our study using a SATB1 knockout mouse model reveals that SATB1 is dispensable for B-cell development and the establishment of a broad IgH repertoire. We also find that SATB1 has a dual function in mature B cells, acting as a positive regulator in naive cells and a negative regulator in activated cells.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Han Sun, Hu-Qin Yang, Kan Zhai, Zhao-Hui Tong
Summary: During Pneumocystis infection, plasma cells continuously increase, while naive B cells also increase but BCR diversity decreases. Biased usage of V(D)J genes is observed, and the frequency of IGHV9-3 rises.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ralf Kueppers, Bettina Budeus, Sylvia Hartmann, Martin-Leo Hansmann
Summary: CD30(+) B cells represent a distinct B-cell differentiation stage with features of strong activation. Studies have found that CD30(+) B cells can be more numerous in some cases of reactive lymphadenitis, and they are a heterogeneous population of polyclonal B cells, including both mutated and unmutated B-cells. These cell-rich CD30(+) B-cell populations do not represent precursor lesions of Hodgkin lymphoma.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Amanda Bello, Gianna Hirth, Stefanie Voigt, Sandra Tepper, Berit Jungnickel
Summary: This review summarizes the mechanisms and regulation of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in B cells, as well as the specific targeting to immunoglobulin genes and mistargeting to other cellular genes.
Article
Immunology
Xiaoli Pan, Sheila N. Lopez Acevedo, Camille Cuziol, Evelyn De Tavernier, Ahmed S. Fahad, Priyobarta S. Longjam, Sambasiva P. Rao, David Aguilera-Rodriguez, Mathilde Reze, Christine A. Bricault, Matias F. Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Matheus Oliveira de Souza, Joshua M. DiNapoli, Emmanuelle Vigne, Melody A. Shahsavarian, Brandon J. DeKosky
Summary: This study successfully analyzed the antibody repertoires of mature B cell populations, including plasma cells, using single-cell antibody gene capture and yeast display functional analysis. The study revealed that spleen B cell populations generated antibodies with higher affinity compared to bone marrow plasma cells, and antigen-specific splenic B cells had higher levels of somatic hypermutation. There was also a degree of clonal overlap between bone marrow and spleen antibody repertoires, suggesting common origins of certain clones across lymphoid compartments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hadas Neuman, Jessica Arrouasse, Meirav Kedmi, Andrea Cerutti, Giuliana Magri, Ramit Mehr
Summary: This article introduces a tool called IgTreeZ, which analyzes Ig gene lineage trees and their repertoires, and demonstrates its reliability in mutation and selection analysis through simulations. Researchers used IgTreeZ on empirical data and found different mutation patterns in different B cell subpopulations, as well as gained insights into antigen-driven selection in COVID-19 patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yudi Zhang, Qihong Yan, Kun Luo, Ping He, Ruitian Hou, Xinwei Zhao, Qian Wang, Haisu Yi, Huan Liang, Yijun Deng, Fengyu Hu, Feng Li, Xinglong Liu, Ying Feng, Pingchao Li, Linbing Qu, Zhaoming Chen, Qiang Pan-Hammarstrom, Liqiang Feng, Xuefeng Niu, Ling Chen
Summary: A comprehensive study of the B cell response against SARS-CoV-2 revealed significant clonal expansion of naive B cells with limited somatic hypermutation. The study also found a correlation between low-SHM IgG clones and spike-specific IgG antibody titers. Furthermore, the study identified a highly convergent antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the presence of shared spike-specific IgH clusters.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Charlotte Viant, Tobias Wirthmiller, Mohamed A. ElTanbouly, Spencer T. Chen, Melissa Cipolla, Victor Ramos, Thiago Y. Oliveira, Leonidas Stamatatos, Michel C. Nussenzweig
Summary: This study utilized an unbiased lineage-tracking approach to investigate the origins and properties of memory B cell subsets in mice with intact immune system, revealing that activated B cells continue to differentiate into memory B cells throughout the immune response. Memory B cells originating from activated B cells or GCs display differences in isotype, overall gene expression, somatic hypermutation, and antigen affinity.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Sean T. Jones, Kejun Guo, Emily H. Cooper, Stephanie M. Dillon, Cheyret Wood, David H. Nguyen, Guannan Shen, Bradley S. Barrett, Daniel N. Frank, Miranda Kroehl, Edward N. Janoff, Katerina Kechris, Cara C. Wilson, Mario L. Santiago
Summary: Humoral immune perturbations contribute to pathogenic outcomes in persons with HIV-1 infection. Gut barrier dysfunction in PWH is associated with microbial translocation and dysbiosis. IgA, the most abundant immunoglobulin in the gut, plays a role in gut homeostasis by interacting with the microbiome. HIV-1 infection leads to decreased antibody repertoire diversity and somatic hypermutation in IgA, which is correlated with gut CD4(+) T cell loss, mucosal inflammation, and microbial translocation.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Carolina Monzo, Lisonia Gkioni, Andreas Beyer, Dario Riccardo Valenzano, Sebastian Gronke, Linda Partridge
Summary: Aging impairs immune function, but dietary restriction (DR) can attenuate this decline. In this study, it was shown that DR preserves B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire diversity and reduces clonal expansions during aging in mice. Remarkably, mice starting DR in mid-life have similar BCR diversity and clonal expansion rates as mice on chronic DR. These findings suggest a potential role of B cell repertoire dynamics in age-related health.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ludvig M. Sollid, Rasmus Iversen
Summary: Polymeric IgA and IgM are transported across the epithelial barrier from plasma cells in the lamina propria to exert a function in the gut lumen as secretory antibodies. T cells play a crucial role in the production of bacteria-reactive secretory antibodies, which are important for regulating gut bacterial communities.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Young Min Son, In Su Cheon, Yue Wu, Chaofan Li, Zheng Wang, Xiaochen Gao, Yao Chen, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Yang-Xin Fu, Alexander L. Dent, Mark H. Kaplan, Justin J. Taylor, Weiguo Cui, Jie Sun
Summary: The study reveals a population of tissue-resident helper T cells in the lung, termed as T-RH cells, which play a critical role in promoting the development of protective B cell and CD8(+) T cell responses. These T-RH cells are dependent on transcription factors BCL6 and Bhlhe40 and deliver local help to CD8(+) T cells through IL-21-dependent mechanisms.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Masaru Takeshita, Naoshi Nishina, Saya Moriyama, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Yoshifumi Uwamino, Mika Nagata, Wataru Aoki, Katsunori Masaki, Makoto Ishii, Hideyuki Saya, Yasushi Kondo, Yuko Kaneko, Katsuya Suzuki, Koichi Fukunaga, Tsutomu Takeuchi
Summary: The study found that asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients had inadequate humoral immune responses, with most antibodies being correlated with disease severity, symptoms such as pneumonia, lymphopenia, and certain serological markers, and some patients failing to develop antibodies against the virus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kentaro Uemura, Michihito Sasaki, Takao Sanaki, Shinsuke Toba, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Yasuko Orba, William W. Hall, Katsumi Maenaka, Hirofumi Sawa, Akihiko Sato
Summary: The study aimed to develop a virus-susceptible human cell line for SARS-CoV-2 research, with findings showing that MRC5/ACE2 cells will be crucial in the development of specific anti-viral therapeutics and in assisting vaccine development to combat SARS-CoV-2 infections.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hidetsugu Fujigaki, Masato Inaba, Michiko Osawa, Saya Moriyama, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Tadaki Suzuki, Kenya Yamase, Yukihiro Yoshida, Yo Yagura, Takayoshi Oyamada, Masao Takemura, Yohei Doi, Kuniaki Saito
Summary: This study investigated the kinetics and neutralizing activity of various Ag-specific Ab isotypes against SARS-CoV-2 in serum of COVID-19 patients, with IgG against RBD showing the best correlation with virus-neutralizing activity. The results provide valuable information for the selection of serological tests for seroprevalence and vaccine evaluation studies.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Kaho Shionoya, Masako Yamasaki, Shoya Iwanami, Yusuke Ito, Shuetsu Fukushi, Hirofumi Ohashi, Wakana Saso, Tomohiro Tanaka, Shin Aoki, Kouji Kuramochi, Shingo Iwami, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Tadaki Suzuki, Masamichi Muramatsu, Makoto Takeda, Takaji Wakita, Koichi Watashi
Summary: Mefloquine, an anti-malarial drug, demonstrated higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity than Hydroxychloroquine, inhibiting viral entry to target cells and showing synergistic antiviral activity when combined with other drugs. Mathematical modeling predicted that standard dosage of Mefloquine could reduce viral load and shorten the time until virus elimination in patients.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ryutaro Iwabuchi, Keigo Ide, Kazutaka Terahara, Ryota Wagatsuma, Rieko Iwaki, Hiroko Matsunaga, Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Haruko Takeyama, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Summary: The study reveals that CD14(+)CD1c(+) cells in humanized mouse models are phenotypically distinct from cDC2s, indicating their identity as a subset equivalent to DC3s.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alitzel Anzurez, Izumi Naka, Shoji Miki, Kaori Nakayama-Hosoya, Mariko Isshiki, Yusuke Watanabe, Midori Nakamura-Hoshi, Sayuri Seki, Takayuki Matsumura, Tomohiro Takano, Taishi Onodera, Yu Adachi, Saya Moriyama, Kazutaka Terahara, Natsuo Tachikawa, Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Hiroaki Sasaki, Hiroshi Horiuchi, Nobuyuki Miyata, Kazuhito Miyazaki, Michiko Koga, Kazuhiko Ikeuchi, Hiroyuki Nagai, Makoto Saito, Eisuke Adachi, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Satoshi Kutsuna, Akira Kawashima, Yusuke Miyazato, Noriko Kinoshita, Chiyoko Kouno, Kensuke Tanaka, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Tadaki Suzuki, Tetsuro Matano, Jun Ohashi, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa
Summary: The study found a significant association between the HLA-DRB1*09:01 allele and severe COVID-19, with a higher risk compared to preexisting medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. These results suggest a potential role for HLA in predisposing individuals to severe COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Taishi Onodera, Shunsuke Kita, Yu Adachi, Saya Moriyama, Akihiko Sato, Takao Nomura, Shuhei Sakakibara, Takeshi Inoue, Takashi Tadokoro, Yuki Anraku, Kohei Yumoto, Cong Tian, Hideo Fukuhara, Michihito Sasaki, Yasuko Orba, Nozomi Shiwa, Naoko Iwata, Noriyo Nagata, Tateki Suzuki, Jiei Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Keisuke Tonouchi, Lin Sun, Shuetsu Fukushi, Hiroyuki Satofuka, Yasuhiro Kazuki, Mitsuo Oshimura, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Makoto Kuroda, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Tadaki Suzuki, Hirofumi Sawa, Takao Hashiguchi, Katsumi Maenaka, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Summary: A potent neutralizing antibody targeting the spike protein receptor-binding site was identified, which can effectively neutralize various SARS-related coronaviruses and their variants, through coordinated recognition of non-RBS conserved sites and RBS. The antibody's ability to reduce virus titers and morbidity through low-dose therapeutic treatment in hamsters suggests potential for therapeutic and vaccine design to combat broad spectrum of coronaviruses.
Article
Immunology
Saya Moriyama, Yu Adachi, Takashi Sato, Keisuke Tonouchi, Lin Sun, Shuetsu Fukushi, Souichi Yamada, Hitomi Kinoshita, Kiyoko Nojima, Takayuki Kanno, Minoru Tobiume, Keita Ishijima, Yudai Kuroda, Eun-Sil Park, Taishi Onodera, Takayuki Matsumura, Tomohiro Takano, Kazutaka Terahara, Masanori Isogawa, Ayae Nishiyama, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa, Masaharu Shinkai, Natsuo Tachikawa, Shigeki Nakamura, Takahiro Okai, Kazu Okuma, Tetsuro Matano, Tsuguto Fujimoto, Ken Maeda, Makoto Ohnishi, Takaji Wakita, Tadaki Suzuki, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Summary: Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 decrease over time, but the neutralizing potency against the original virus and variants actually improves with time. Late convalescent antibodies show increased neutralization potency against variants, suggesting that antibody response maturation enhances cross-neutralizing ability against circulating variants. This indicates that declining antibody titers may not necessarily mean declining protection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shoji Miki, Hiroaki Sasaki, Hiroshi Horiuchi, Nobuyuki Miyata, Yukihiro Yoshimura, Kazuhito Miyazaki, Takayuki Matsumura, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Tadaki Suzuki, Tetsuro Matano, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa, Natsuo Tachikawa
Summary: This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia is a potent predictive marker of COVID-19 critical condition and mortality, with an adjusted OR for critical condition as high as 125.71.
Article
Immunology
Ryo Shinnakasu, Shuhei Sakakibara, Hiromi Yamamoto, Po-Hung Wang, Saya Moriyama, Nicolas Sax, Chikako Ono, Atsushi Yamanaka, Yu Adachi, Taishi Onodera, Takashi Sato, Masaharu Shinkai, Ryosuke Suzuki, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Noritaka Hashii, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Takeshi Inoue, Kazuo Yamashita, Tomohiro Kurosaki
Summary: Introducing N-linked glycans onto the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 can enhance humoral responses to the more conserved core-RBD, resulting in higher proportions of core-RBD-specific GC B cells and antibody responses with significant neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and bat WIV1-CoV, which has implications for designing vaccines against SARS-like viruses.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mizuki Fujisawa, Yu Adachi, Taishi Onodera, Nozomi Shiwa-Sudo, Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa, Noriyo Nagata, Tadaki Suzuki, Shinji Takeoka, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is the main target for COVID-19 diagnostic PCR and antigen rapid diagnostic tests. Antibody-antigen binding is crucial for the effectiveness of antigen rapid diagnostic tests. Two high-affinity antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein were successfully isolated, one specifically binds to SARS-CoV-2 NP and the other shows cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV NP. These antibodies exhibit enhanced sensitivity for nucleocapsid protein detection and can be used for more sensitive and specific antigen rapid diagnostic tests.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ryutaro Kotaki, Saya Moriyama, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, emphasizing the need for vaccines targeting these variants. This review focuses on the humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the breadth of antibody activity. Research shows that the maturation of humoral immunity over time enhances antibody potency and breadth against variants following infection or vaccination. Memory B cells play a key role in this process, as the reactivity of their B-cell antigen receptors determines the recalled antibody potency and breadth after exposure. The evolution of memory B cells significantly improves their reactivity to antigenically distinct Omicron variants, providing an immunological basis for durable and broad control of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
INFLAMMATION AND REGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuhsuke Ohmi, Takashi Nishikaze, Yoko Kitaura, Takako Ito, Satoko Yamamoto, Fumihiro Sugiyama, Makoto Matsuyama, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Akira Takeda, Toshio Kawahara, Tetsuya Okajima, Keiko Furukawa, Koichi Furukawa
Summary: This study investigated the expression and function of St6gal genes and their products in the adult mouse brain. It was found that alpha 2,6-sialylated N-glycans were scarcely detected in adult mouse brain tissues, with the majority of these glycans being O-linked. Further mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the majority of alpha 2,6-sialylated O-glycans were disialyl-T antigen and sialyl-(6)T antigen.
Article
Immunology
Tomohiro Takano, Takayuki Matsumura, Yu Adachi, Kazutaka Terahara, Saya Moriyama, Taishi Onodera, Ayae Nishiyama, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa, Shoji Miki, Kaori Hosoya-Nakayama, Midori Nakamura-Hoshi, Sayuri Seki, Natsuo Tachikawa, Yukihiro Yoshimura, Nobuyuki Miyata, Hiroshi Horiuchi, Hiroaki Sasaki, Kazuhito Miyazaki, Noriko Kinoshita, Tsutomu Sudo, Yutaro Akiyama, Rubuna Sato, Tadaki Suzuki, Tetsuro Matano, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Summary: An expanded myeloid cell compartment is a key feature of severe COVID-19, with polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs selectively expanding in survivors of severe cases in Japan, positively correlating with IL-8 levels. This transient expansion of PMN-MDSC subset could serve as a predictor of prognosis in severe COVID-19 cases.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)