Review
Immunology
Xinru Gong, Zhoutong Han, Hongli Fan, Yuqi Wu, Yuanqiong He, Yijie Fu, Tianmin Zhu, Hui Li
Summary: This review examines the potential role of immune cells and cytokines in regulating inflammation and remodeling of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) mucosa. The study highlights the important connection between inflammation and remodeling in CRS and provides novel ideas for future research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Srinivasa R. Sripathi, Ming-Wen Hu, Melissa M. Liu, Jun Wan, Jie Cheng, Yukan Duan, Joseph L. Mertz, Karl J. Wahlin, Julien Maruotti, Cynthia A. Berlinicke, Jiang Qian, Donald J. Zack
Summary: The study induced EMT in human stem cell-derived RPE monolayers using two model systems and found that dysregulated proteocollagenolytic enzymatic dissociation and co-treatment with TGF-beta and TNF-alpha were key factors in promoting EMT. It also identified widespread dysregulation of axon guidance molecules during RPE-EMT progression, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for retinal diseases.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Zhi-wei Liu, Yi-ming Zhang, Li-ying Zhang, Ting Zhou, Yang-yang Li, Gu-cheng Zhou, Zhi-ming Miao, Ming Shang, Jin-peng He, Nan- Ding, Yong-qi Liu
Summary: The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the formation and development of tumors. Cytokines, such as TGF-beta and TNF-alpha, have different effects on tumor growth, metastasis, and prognosis at different stages. Inhibiting TGF-beta can promote tumor formation, while TGF-beta can contribute to tumor malignancy. TNF-alpha, initially identified as a natural immune serum mediator for tumor hemorrhagic necrosis, has broad biological activities and can be targeted for immune diseases and tumors. However, there is limited research on the interaction between these two cytokines in the tumor microenvironment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yan Sun, Lang Xiong, Xiaoran Wang, Liping Wang, Baoxin Chen, Jingqi Huang, Mi Huang, Jieping Chen, Jing Wu, Shan Huang, Yizhi Liu
Summary: This study demonstrated that TGF-beta 2 induces autophagy flux during EMT progression of LECs, with autophagy activation enhancing fibrogenic responses and cell migration, while autophagy inhibition alleviates EMT markers and cell migration. Additionally, modulation of Smad signaling by autophagy was observed, and ATG7-silenced LECs showed antifibrosis effect induced by TGF-beta 2. Overall, intervention/inhibition of autophagy could attenuate TGF-beta 2-induced EMT in LECs, providing insights for preventing and treating fibrotic cataracts and other fibrotic diseases.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Minli Huang, Mengru Fu, Jia Wang, Chunhua Xia, Hong Zhang, Yuqing Xiong, Jiake He, Jianming Liu, Bingchen Liu, Siyi Pan, Fanglan Liu
Summary: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in breast cancer initiation, metastasis, and invasion. This study investigated the requirement of autophagy and FAP-alpha in breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis, finding that both are necessary. Targeting autophagy or FAP-alpha individually may be a potential approach to improve the prognosis of human breast cancer.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Young Yun Jung, Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan, Huiyan Eng, Acharan S. Narula, Ojas A. Namjoshi, Bruce E. Blough, Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa, Gautam Sethi, Alan Prem Kumar, Kwang Seok Ahn
Summary: This study demonstrates that 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) can suppress the EMT program in colon cancer cells by regulating MnSOD and related proteins, and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren A. Griggs, Christopher A. Lemmon
Summary: Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells transition to a motile and invasive mesenchymal phenotype. The EMT process is associated with an increase in fibronectin (FN) assembly and the localization of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) to FN fibrils. This study investigated the spatial gradients of EMT and FN fibrillogenesis in mammary epithelial cells cultured on square micropatterns in response to TGF-beta 1. The results showed that increasing TGF-beta 1 concentration induced a spatial gradient of both E-Cadherin and FN fibrils, and inhibition of FN fibril assembly globally reduced both E-Cadherin-containing adherens junctions and FN fibrillogenesis, but did not eliminate the spatial gradients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wan Hua, Sarantos Kostidis, Oleg Mayboroda, Martin Giera, Marten Hornsveld, Peter ten Dijke
Summary: TGF-beta induces metabolic reprogramming in epithelial cells during EMT, affecting glycolysis, TCA cycle, glutaminolysis, choline metabolism, cellular redox state, and other pathways. Inhibiting choline kinase alpha with a kinase inhibitor can attenuate TGF-beta-induced changes associated with EMT.
Article
Biology
Ashish Kumar-Singh, Malgorzata Maria Parniewska, Nikolina Giotopoulou, Joman Javadi, Wenwen Sun, Tunde Szatmari, Katalin Dobra, Anders Hjerpe, Jonas Fuxe
Summary: Metastasis of tumor cells to vital organs is a major cause of cancer death, with inflammatory signals influencing an identity switch in tumor cells. Syndecan-1 plays a crucial role in regulating this switch, with nuclear localization of SDC1 associated with the regulation of EMT.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Le Phuong Hoang Anh, Ken Nishimura, Akihiro Kuno, Nguyen Thuy Linh, Tetsuo Kato, Manami Ohtaka, Mahito Nakanishi, Eiji Sugihara, Taka-Aki Sato, Yohei Hayashi, Aya Fukuda, Koji Hisatake
Summary: Somatic cell reprogramming proceeds through a series of events to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this study, the researchers found that the downregulation of Osr2 is crucial for efficient reprogramming by using a cell-based model. Osr2 acts as a novel EMT regulator and its downregulation diminishes TGF-beta signaling and activates Wnt signaling, promoting MET and acquiring pluripotency.
Article
Immunology
Dong Zhang, Xin-rui Qiao, Wen-Jing Cui, Jin-tao Zhang, Yun Pan, Xiao-fei Liu, Liang Dong
Summary: SDC-1 plays a crucial role in airway remodeling in chronic asthma by modulating the TGF beta 1/Smad3 pathway, affecting collagen I expression in airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hyun-Wook Lee, Cynthia C. Jose, Suresh Cuddapah
Summary: Nickel compounds, prevalent in the atmosphere due to industrial processes and fossil fuel burning, are associated with chronic inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma and lung cancer, primarily through the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia-Qi Huang, Hao Zhang, Xue-Wei Guo, Yan Lu, Si-Nian Wang, Bo Cheng, Su-He Dong, Xiao-Li Lyu, Feng-Sheng Li, Yong-Wang Li
Summary: This study demonstrates the critical role of PIEZO1 signaling in radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by forming a positive feedback loop with TGF-beta 1. Activation of PIEZO1 can upregulate TGF-beta 1 expression and promote EMT through the Ca2+/HIF-1 alpha signaling pathway, while knockdown of PIEZO1 or HIF-1 alpha partially reverses radiation-induced EMT. Additionally, the expression of PIEZO1 is regulated by the transcription factor C/EBP beta, which further influences the EMT process in response to radiation and TGF-beta 1.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Long Xu, Jian Wang, Buhan Liu, Jiaying Fu, Yuanxin Zhao, Sihang Yu, Luyan Shen, Xiaoyu Yan, Jing Su
Summary: Epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignant tumors, largely due to metastasis. This study found that HDAC9 plays different roles in different histological subtypes of ovarian cancer and may be a potential target for personalized treatment.
Article
Immunology
Yingjie Zhu, Dong Sun, Han Liu, Linzi Sun, Jing Jie, Jingjing Luo, Liping Peng, Lei Song
Summary: Bixin, a natural compound isolated from Bixa Orellana seeds, has shown potential in treating asthma by suppressing allergic airway inflammation, reversing glucocorticoids resistance, and alleviating airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness. It functions as an antagonist of PI3K/Akt signaling, offering a novel strategy for asthma treatment.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
