Article
Immunology
Zhiwei Liu, Chih-Jen Huang, Yu-Han Huang, Mei-Hung Pan, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Kelly J. Yu, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Mathias Viard, Yuko Yuki, Xiaojiang Gao, Mary Carrington, Chien-Jen Chen, Allan Hildesheim, Hwai- Yang
Summary: The study found that an increase in the number of homozygous HLA class II loci is associated with an increased risk of chronic HBV infection and HBV-associated HCC. Specifically, HLA-DQB1 homozygosity is significantly associated with HCC risk.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jie Li, Hwai- Yang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Michael H. Le, An K. Le, Yee Hui Yeo, Chia-Yen Dai, Scott Barnett, Jian Q. Zhang, Jee-Fu Huang, Huy N. Trinh, Christopher Wong, Clifford Wong, Joseph K. Hoang, Ramsey Cheung, Ming-Lung Yu, Mindie H. Nguyen
Summary: This study found that concurrent FL in patients with CHB significantly reduces the risk of cirrhosis and HCC, as well as increases the rate of HBsAg seroclearance. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms of FL on CHB.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesco Paolo Russo, Alberto Zanetto, Elisa Pinto, Sara Battistella, Barbara Penzo, Patrizia Burra, Fabio Farinati
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, with chronic viral hepatitis being a significant contributing factor. The pathophysiology of viral-related HCC involves liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and deregulation of cell signaling pathways. Regular ultrasound surveillance is recommended for patients with cirrhosis and high-risk individuals with chronic HBV infection. Antiviral therapy reduces the risks of HCC development and recurrence. Various scoring systems have been developed to predict the risk of HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chih-Lin Lin, Jia-Horng Kao
Summary: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBV hyperendemic areas. Hepatitis B viral load is the most important risk factor for HCC development. Antiviral therapy can reduce the risk of HCC occurrence and serum markers can predict the risk of HCC development.
CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bipul Gnyawali, Antoinette Pusateri, Ashley Nickerson, Sajid Jalil, Khalid Mumtaz
Summary: Chronic Hepatitis B is a globally prevalent disease that poses a significant healthcare burden, especially in low-resource regions where access to diagnosis, vaccination, screening, and treatment is limited. Mitigating the impact of the disease includes increasing screening in high-risk groups, improving health literacy in vulnerable populations, and developing robust vaccination programs in underserved areas.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jung Woo Shin, Joonho Jeong, Seok Won Jung, Seung Bum Lee, Bo Ryung Park, Min-Ju Kim, Eun Ji Park, Neung Hwa Park
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of ETV and TDF in CHB patients and found that there was no significant difference in the risk of HCC and death or transplantation between ETV and TDF after adjusting for adherence and MVR in all patients and propensity score-matched cohorts.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Ze-Hong Huang, Gui-Yang Lu, Ling-Xian Qiu, Guo-Hua Zhong, Yue Huang, Xing-Mei Yao, Xiao-Hui Liu, Shou-Jie Huang, Ting Wu, Quan Yuan, Ying-Bin Wang, Ying-Ying Su, Jun Zhang, Ning-Shao Xia
Summary: This study found that ETV and TDF treatments were associated with significantly lower risks of HCC in antiviral treatment-naive CHB patients. However, there was no significant difference in HCC incidence between ETV and TDF treatments regardless of the presence of preexisting cirrhosis.
Article
Immunology
Ke Shi, Qun Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yufei Bi, Xuanwei Zeng, Xianbo Wang
Summary: Probiotics may have cancer-prevention benefits, as shown by experimental investigation. This study aimed to determine the potential association between probiotics and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis (HBC) receiving antiviral therapy. The results indicated that probiotic consumption was an independent protective factor for HCC occurrence.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ke Shi, Ping Li, Qun Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yufei Bi, Xuanwei Zeng, Xianbo Wang
Summary: A nomogram was developed to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis-B related cirrhosis on antivirals, incorporating age, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet count. The nomogram showed good discrimination and calibration in estimating HCC risk, and high-risk patients with a score > 10 require close surveillance.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuai Wang, Xuemei Fan, Yang Gao, Lijuan Zuo, Mingqi Hong, Yan Xu
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum zinc levels in patients with Hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and investigate the relationship between serum zinc levels and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The findings showed that zinc deficiency was associated with hepatic encephalopathy and other complications related to hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis, but further research is needed to determine its relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Erwan Vo Quang, Yusuke Shimakawa, Pierre Nahon
Summary: Hepatitis B and C are prominent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in different regions, with a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis globally by 2030. Measures like vaccination, antiviral therapies, and liver cancer screening programs are crucial in reducing the burden of HCC worldwide.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Virology
Patrizia Farci, Grazia Anna Niro, Fausto Zamboni, Giacomo Diaz
Summary: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a small RNA virus that relies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) for virion assembly and transmission, and can lead to chronic hepatitis D. Studies have shown that HDV is associated with a significantly higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to HBV monoinfection. The mechanisms by which HDV promotes liver cancer are still unclear, but recent data suggest that HDV and HBV promote carcinogenesis through distinct molecular mechanisms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiyong Du, Shengju Yin, Bing Liu, Wenxin Zhang, Jiaxu Sun, Meng Fang, Yisheng Xu, Kun Hua, Pengfei Tu, Guoliang Zhang, Ying Ma, Yingyuan Lu
Summary: Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis (LC) are at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study identified specific plasma metabolome changes in LC patients with early HCC, primarily involving alterations in lipid metabolism. The identified metabolites were closely associated with inflammation responses and showed better performance in differentiating early HCC from non-HCC compared to alpha-fetoprotein.
Review
Virology
Giacomo Emanuele Maria Rizzo, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Antonio Craxi
Summary: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with or without liver cirrhosis, through various mechanisms. The molecular profile of HBV-HCC is constantly being studied, and it is the result of altered molecular pathways, changes in the microenvironment, and DNA damage. Proper management of HBV-related liver disease is crucial for prevention and treatment of HCC.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jae Seung Lee, Tae Seop Lim, Hye Won Lee, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Hyun Woong Lee, Jung Il Lee, Ja Kyung Kim, In Kyung Min, Beom Kyung Kim
Summary: This study evaluated the predictive performance of pre-existing well-validated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis who started potent antiviral therapy (AVT). The results showed that the existing risk prediction models for patients with chronic hepatitis B had suboptimal predictive performances for assessing HCC development in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis. Although the models were not highly accurate, they were still able to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, or high-risk groups.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ammar Majeed, Michael Bailey, William Kemp, Avik Majumdar, Rinaldo Bellomo, David Pilcher, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: Outcomes of cirrhotic patients admitted to ICUs with infections have improved over time, but outcomes in the ACLF subgroup remain poor.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Karl Vaz, Robert Little, Ammar Majeed, Stuart Roberts, William Kemp
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael Braude, Stuart Roberts, Ammar Majeed, John Lubel, Jirayut Prompen, Anouk Dev, William Sievert, Stephen Bloom, Paul Gow, William Kemp
Summary: VCTE LSM, along with age and CCI, is independently associated with increased all-cause mortality in a large cohort with NAFLD. Liver stiffness measurement, Charlson comorbidity index, and age are important predictors of all-cause mortality, with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) potentially increasing mortality risk.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jessica Howell, Huy Van, Minh D. Pham, Rohit Sawhney, Fan Li, Purnima Bhat, John Lubel, William Kemp, Stephen Bloom, Avik Majumdar, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Samuel Hall, Timothy Spelman, Joseph S. Doyle, Margaret Hellard, Kumar Visvanathan, Alexander Thompson, Heidi E. Drummer, David Anderson
Summary: This study validated the effectiveness of a novel rapid point-of-care test for ALT measurement in evaluating liver disease. The results showed that the test had good accuracy for detecting elevated ALT levels and could be used to determine treatment eligibility in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel Clayton-Chubb, William Kemp, Ammar Majeed, John S. Lubel, Alex Hodge, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, and it is also strongly associated with cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality due to its associations with insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. However, satisfactory pharmacological treatments for NAFLD are limited and challenges remain in predicting individual patient's risk for liver and cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Clayton-Chubb, Andrew Buckle, Tissa Tandiari, Patrick Hosking, Amanda J. Nicoll
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Varun Peri, Eunice Lee, Michael Fink, Graham Starkey, Mehrdad Nikfarjam, Osamu Yoshino, Ruelan Furtado, Marie Sinclair, Adam Testro, Avik Majumdar, Robert Jones, Vijayaragavan Muralidharan, Marcos Vinicius Perini
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical utility and survival outcomes of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio, albumin-bilirubin index, and platelet-albumin-bilirubin index in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The results showed that a C-reactive protein-albumin ratio greater than 0.034 was associated with poor prognosis following liver resection.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ross Apostolov, Darren Wong, Elizabeth Low, Karl Vaz, Jessica Spurio, Thomas Worland, Dorothy Liu, Roseanne Kimberley Chan, Paul Gow, Mathis Grossmann, Marie Sinclair
Summary: This study compares serum testosterone levels in cirrhotic men with different disease etiologies and assesses its prognostic value. The results show that low serum testosterone is common in cirrhotic men, particularly in those with ALD and NAFLD. These low testosterone levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Natassia Tan, John Lubel, William Kemp, Stuart Roberts, Ammar Majeed
Summary: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an orphan, cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammatory biliary strictures. The pathophysiology of PSC is poorly understood, but it is likely driven by immune dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, and environmental exposures. Currently, there is no proven medical therapy to alter disease progression in PSC, and liver transplantation is the only option for end-stage liver disease. Manipulation of the gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism show promise in phase II trials. Statins and aspirin may reduce the risk of malignancy in PSC patients. Balloon dilatation is safer and equally effective compared to biliary stent insertion for clinically relevant strictures.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Karl Vaz, William Kemp, Ammar Majeed, John Lubel, Dianna J. Magliano, Kristen M. Glenister, Lisa Bourke, David Simmons, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in age- and sex-standardized prevalence of NAFLD in regional Victoria over a 15-year period and explore the underlying factors associated with differences over time. The study found that the prevalence of NAFLD has significantly increased over the last 15 years, particularly among women, in parallel with the rise in the prevalence of obesity.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel Clayton-Chubb, William W. Kemp, Ammar Majeed, John S. Lubel, Robyn L. Woods, Cammie Tran, Joanne Ryan, Alexander Hodge, Hans G. Schneider, John J. Mcneil, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: This study in a large cohort of relatively healthy community-dwelling older adults shows that MASLD is common, decreases with age and is associated with poorer metabolic health, social disadvantage and frailty.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel Clayton-Chubb, William Kemp, Ammar Majeed, John S. Lubel, Alex Hodge, Stuart K. Roberts
Review
Oncology
Jonathan Abdelmalak, Natassia Tan, Danny Con, Guy Eslick, Ammar Majeed, William Kemp, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: This review analyzed all available published studies and found that aspirin reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by about 30%. However, this effect was not seen in patients with cirrhosis, and overall, aspirin users were at a higher risk of bleeding. The findings suggest that aspirin could be a potential preventive treatment for HCC, but more research is needed to determine the optimal patient group and balance the risk of bleeding.
Review
Oncology
Elena S. George, Surbhi Sood, Nicole Kiss, Robin M. Daly, Amanda J. Nicoll, Stuart K. Roberts, Brenton J. Baguley
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests a link between NAFLD, cancer development, and mortality. Cancer treatment-induced metabolic and hepatic dysfunction may contribute to NAFLD development. This review investigates the prevalence, effects of cancer treatments, metabolic comorbidities, and mortality associated with NAFLD in adults with cancer.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brooke Chapman, Darren Wong, Bethany Whitcher, Marie Sinclair, Paul Gow, Avik Majumdar, Adam Testro
Summary: Malnutrition is common in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplant, and there is poor correlation between measured energy expenditure and predicted energy expenditure. Hypermetabolism is also prevalent. Tailored energy prescription based on indirect calorimetry or a liver-specific predictive model is recommended for liver transplant candidates.